核

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See also: 覈
核 U+6838, 核
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6838
← 样
[U+6837] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 根 →
[U+6839]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

核 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 木卜女人 (DYVO), four-corner 40982, composition ⿰木亥)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 524, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32173
  • Dae Jaweon: page 912, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1206, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+6838

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (亥) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
該 *kɯː
垓 *kɯː
賅 *kɯː
陔 *kɯː
豥 *kɯː, *ɡɯː
荄 *kɯː, *krɯː
郂 *kɯː
姟 *kɯː
絯 *kɯː, *ɡrɯːʔ
晐 *kɯː
峐 *kɯː
侅 *kɯː, *kʰɯː, *ɡɯːʔ, *ɡrɯːʔ
胲 *kɯː
頦 *kɯːʔ, *ɡɯː
奒 *kʰɯː
輆 *kʰɯːʔ
欬 *kʰɯːɡs, *qraːds
硋 *ŋɡɯːɡs
閡 *ŋɡɯːɡs
咳 *qʰɯː, *ɡɯː
孩 *ɡɯː
亥 *ɡɯːʔ
劾 *ɡɯːɡs, *kʰrɯːɡs, *ɡɯːɡ
痎 *krɯː
烗 *kʰrɯːɡs
骸 *ɡrɯː
駭 *ɡrɯːʔ
刻 *kʰɯːɡ
餩 *qɯːɡ
核 *ɡuːd, *ɡrɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡuːd, *ɡrɯːɡ): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ) – a kind of tree. Modern meanings are borrowed.

Etymology 1[edit]

The definitions related to “to examine” come from the “kernel” sense, i.e. “to go to the core” (Schuessler, 2007).

Generally thought to be of Sino-Tibetan origin. It has been compared to Tibetan རག་ཙེ (rag tse), Karbi rak (Gong, 2002; Schuessler, 2007). However, Hill (2012) rejects the connection to the Tibetan word because most words ending with ཙེ (tse) are loanwords from Chinese words ending with the 子 suffix.

Smith (2011) groups this word with the following terms into a word family meaning “root, germ, generative core”:

  • 荄 (OC *kɯː, “grassroot”) and its derivative 根 (OC *kɯːn, “root”),
  • 骸 (OC *ɡrɯː, “(human) bones”) (also noted by Schuessler, 2007),
  • 孩 (OC *ɡɯː, “child”),
  • 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ, “sprouting stage”), i.e. "the moon’s first appearance" > "twelfth earthly branch".

Pronunciation 1[edit]

simp. and trad.
 核
alternative forms 𣝗

Note:
  • wat6 - “seed; kernel”;
  • hat6 - “nucleus; nuclear”.
  • Hakka
    • Note:
    • fu̍t - “seed; kernel”;
    • ha̍k - only in 核卵.
  • Jin
    • Note: geh5 - used in 核桃.
    Note:
    • hu̍t - vernacular (“seed”);
    • ha̍t - vernacular (“swelling in the lymph glands”);
    • he̍k/hia̍k - literary.
    Note: hug8 - “seed”.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 核
    Mandarin Beijing /xɤ³⁵/
    Harbin /xɤ²⁴/
    Tianjin /xɤ⁴⁵/ ～算
    /xu⁴⁵/ 棗～兒
    Jinan /xə⁴²/
    Qingdao /xɛ⁴²/ ～心
    /xuə⁴²/ ～桃
    Zhengzhou /xai⁴²/
    Xi'an /xai²¹/ ～算
    /xu²⁴/ 桃～儿
    Xining /xɛ⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /xa¹³/ ～算
    /xɛ¹³/ ～算
    /xə¹³/ ～算
    /xɯ¹³/ ～桃
    Lanzhou /xə⁵³/
    /xu⁵³/
    Ürümqi /xɤ⁵¹/
    /xu⁵¹/
    Wuhan /xɤ²¹³/
    Chengdu /xe³¹/
    Guiyang /xɛ²¹/
    Kunming /xə³¹/
    Nanjing /xəʔ⁵/
    Hefei /xɐʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /xəʔ²/ ～算
    /kəʔ⁵⁴/ ～桃
    Pingyao /kʌʔ⁵³/ ～桃
    /kʰʌʔ¹³/ 審～
    Hohhot /xaʔ⁴³/ ～算
    /xu³¹/ 棗～子
    Wu Shanghai /ɦəʔ¹/
    Suzhou /ŋəʔ³/
    Hangzhou /ɦɑʔ²/
    Wenzhou /jy²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /xɛʔ²¹/ ～對
    /xɛ²²/ 山～桃
    Tunxi /xə¹¹/
    /uən²⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /xə²⁴/
    Xiangtan /hæ²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /hɛʔ²/
    Hakka Meixian /hak̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /het̚²²/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /hɐt̚²/ ～對
    /wɐt̚²/ 桃～
    Nanning /wɐt̚²²/
    Hong Kong /hɐt̚²/ ～對
    /wɐt̚²/ 桃～
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hik̚⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /houʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xo⁴⁴/ 名
    /xɛ²⁴/ 動
    Shantou (Min Nan) /hek̚²/
    /huk̚⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /hut̚⁵/
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 核
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		hé
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ hɛk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ɡ]ˁ<r>ək/
    English kernel fruit; scrutinize

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 核
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 4334
    Phonetic
    component         		骨
    Rime
    group         		物
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		搰
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡuːd/
    Notes 𣝗字訓讀
    Definitions[edit]

    核

    1. seed; pit; stone; kernel; core; nut (Classifier: 粒 c)
      𦧲返啲核出嚟 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
      From:
      loe1 faan1 di1 wat6 ceot1 lai4 [Jyutping]
      spit the seeds/pits back out
    2. (computing) -core
      See also: 核心
      4核  ―  4-hé  ―  quad-core
    3. (physics, chemistry, biology) nucleus
    4. (physics) nuclear
    5. (mathematics, algebra, linear algebra) kernel
    Synonyms[edit]

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    simp. and trad.
    		 核
    alternative forms 覈

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 核
    Mandarin Beijing /xɤ³⁵/
    Harbin /xɤ²⁴/
    Tianjin /xɤ⁴⁵/ ～算
    /xu⁴⁵/ 棗～兒
    Jinan /xə⁴²/
    Qingdao /xɛ⁴²/ ～心
    /xuə⁴²/ ～桃
    Zhengzhou /xai⁴²/
    Xi'an /xai²¹/ ～算
    /xu²⁴/ 桃～儿
    Xining /xɛ⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /xa¹³/ ～算
    /xɛ¹³/ ～算
    /xə¹³/ ～算
    /xɯ¹³/ ～桃
    Lanzhou /xə⁵³/
    /xu⁵³/
    Ürümqi /xɤ⁵¹/
    /xu⁵¹/
    Wuhan /xɤ²¹³/
    Chengdu /xe³¹/
    Guiyang /xɛ²¹/
    Kunming /xə³¹/
    Nanjing /xəʔ⁵/
    Hefei /xɐʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /xəʔ²/ ～算
    /kəʔ⁵⁴/ ～桃
    Pingyao /kʌʔ⁵³/ ～桃
    /kʰʌʔ¹³/ 審～
    Hohhot /xaʔ⁴³/ ～算
    /xu³¹/ 棗～子
    Wu Shanghai /ɦəʔ¹/
    Suzhou /ŋəʔ³/
    Hangzhou /ɦɑʔ²/
    Wenzhou /jy²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /xɛʔ²¹/ ～對
    /xɛ²²/ 山～桃
    Tunxi /xə¹¹/
    /uən²⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /xə²⁴/
    Xiangtan /hæ²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /hɛʔ²/
    Hakka Meixian /hak̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /het̚²²/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /hɐt̚²/ ～對
    /wɐt̚²/ 桃～
    Nanning /wɐt̚²²/
    Hong Kong /hɐt̚²/ ～對
    /wɐt̚²/ 桃～
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hik̚⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /houʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xo⁴⁴/ 名
    /xɛ²⁴/ 動
    Shantou (Min Nan) /hek̚²/
    /huk̚⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /hut̚⁵/
    Rime
    Character 核
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
    Final (韻) 麥 (119)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 下革切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦˠɛk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦᵚæk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣɐk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦəɨjk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣɛk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣæk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ɣæk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		hé
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		hak6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 核
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		hé
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ hɛk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ɡ]ˁ<r>ək/
    English kernel fruit; scrutinize

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 核
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 4843
    Phonetic
    component         		亥
    Rime
    group         		職
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		覈
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡrɯːɡ/
    Definitions[edit]

    核

    1. to examine; to check; to verify
    2. rigorous; detailed; reliable
    Usage notes[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 核

    Etymology 2[edit]

    simp. and trad.
    		 核

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    核

    1. a kind of tree
    2. Alternative form of 荄 (gāi).

    Etymology 3[edit]

    simp. and trad.
    		 核

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    核

    1. eaves of a house

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    核

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    核
    かく
    Grade: S
    on’yomi

    Noun[edit]

    核(かく) • (kaku) 

    1. atomic nucleus
    2. (algebra) kernel
    3. (astronomy) core, nucleus
    4. cell nucleus

    Synonyms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    核 • (haek, hol) (hangeul 핵, 홀, revised haek, hol, McCune–Reischauer haek, hol, Yale hayk, hol)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    核: Hán Nôm readings: hạch

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References[edit]

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