lump

See also: Lump

English

Etymology

From Middle English lumpe, from a Germanic base akin to Proto-Germanic *limpaną (“to glide, go, hang loosely”). Compare Dutch lomp (“rag”), German Low German Lump (“rag”), German Lumpen (“rag”) and Lump (“ragamuffin”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lʌmp/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ʌmp

Noun

lump (plural lumps)

1. Something that protrudes, sticks out, or sticks together; a cluster or blob; a mound or mass of no particular shape.

   Stir the gravy until there are no more lumps.

   a lump of coal; a lump of clay; a lump of cheese

2. A swelling or nodule of tissue under the skin or in an internal part of the body.
3. A group, set, or unit.

   The money arrived all at once as one big lump sum payment.

4. A small, shaped mass of sugar, typically about a teaspoonful.

   Do you want one lump or two with your coffee?

5. A dull or lazy person.

   Don't just sit there like a lump.

6. (informal, as plural) A beating or verbal abuse.

   He's taken his lumps over the years.

   • 1994, Robert J. McMahon, The cold war on the periphery: the United States, India, and Pakistan, page 323:

     Komer admitted that the United States would probably suffer "short term lumps" as a result of Johnson's brusque decision.

7. A projection beneath the breech end of a gun barrel.
8. A kind of fish, the lumpsucker.
   • 1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard:

     You roast him [the fish] […] just like a lump.

9. (obsolete, slang) Food given to a tramp to be eaten on the road.
   • 1923, Arthur Preston Hankins, Cole of Spyglass Mountain, New York: Grosset & Dunlap, Chapter 12,^[1]

     “A lump,” explained The Whimperer […] “is wot a kin’ lady slips youse w’en youse batter de back door. If she invites youse in and lets youse t’row yer feet unner de table, it’s a set-down. If she slips youse a lunch in a poiper bag, it’s a lump. See? […] ”

Hyponyms

• nubble

Derived terms

Derived terms

• lumpectomy
• lumpily
• lumpiness
• lump in one’s throat
• lumpish

• lumpishly
• lumpishness
• lump sum
• lumpy
• take one’s lumps

Translations

something that protrudes, sticks out, or sticks together; a cluster or blob; a mound, hill, or group

• Arabic: كُتْلَة‎ (ar) f (kutla)
• Armenian: կույտ (hy) (kuyt), գունդ (hy) (gund)
• Bulgarian: маса (bg) f (masa), куп (bg) m (kup)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 塊 (zh), 块 (zh) (kuài), 土粒 (tǔlì)

• Czech: škraloup m
• Dutch: brok (nl), klont (nl) m or f, klonter (nl) m
• Esperanto: bulo (eo)
• Finnish: paakku (fi), möykky (fi), kyhmy (fi), kuhmu (fi), patti (fi), klimppi (fi), klöntti (fi)
• French: masse (fr) f, tas (fr) m, protubérance (fr) f, renflement (fr) m, bosse (fr) f, motte (fr) f, monceau (fr) m
• Galician: vulto m, grolo (gl) m, grumo m
• Georgian: გუნდა (gunda)
• German: Klumpen (de) m, Kloß (de) m
• Greek: βόλος (el) m (vólos)

  Ancient: βῶλος f (bôlos)

• Hebrew: גוש‎ (he) m (gush)
• Hungarian: csomó (hu), rög (hu), daganat (hu)
• Icelandic: kökkur (is) m
• Irish: daba m

• Italian: gonfiore (it) m, gnocco (it) m
• Japanese: 塊 (ja) (かたまり, katamari), たんこぶ (tankobu)
• Khmer: ដុំ (km) (dom), ពក (km) (pɔɔk), បិណ្ឌ (km) (bən)
• Korean: please add this translation if you can
• Latin: glaeba f, massa f, mōlēs f
• Maori: punga, ponguru, tuapuku
• Occitan: protuberància f, giba (oc) f, lópia f
• Old English: please add this translation if you can
• Persian: قلمبه‎ (fa) (qolombe)
• Plautdietsch: Knubbel m
• Portuguese: pelota (pt) f, saliência (pt) f
• Russian: вы́ступ (ru) m (výstup), ком (ru) m (kom), глы́ба (ru) f (glýba), комо́к (ru) m (komók) (smaller), буго́р (ru) m (bugór)
• Scottish Gaelic: ceap m, sgonn m
• Spanish: cúmulo (es) m, prominencia f, cordillera (es) f (de montañas), mazacote (es) m, mota (es) f, recrescencia f, grumo (es) m
• Swedish: klump (sv)
• Thai: ก้อน (th) (gɔ̂ɔn)
• Tibetan: རྡོག་རྡོག (rdog rdog)
• Turkish: yumru (tr), topak (tr)
• Vietnamese: please add this translation if you can

group, set, or unit

• Finnish: kertasuoritus (fi) (of money), kasa (fi), pala (fi)
• French: lot (fr) m, paquet (fr) m, forfait (fr) m

• Spanish: cúmulo (es) m, agrupación (es) f, acumulación (es) m, amontonamiento (es) m

small, shaped mass of sugar

• Bulgarian: бучка (bg) f (bučka)
• Dutch: klontje (nl)
• Finnish: pala (fi)
• French: morceau (fr) m
• Galician: torrón m

• German: Stück (de) n (Würfelzucker (de) m)
• Icelandic: sykurmoli m
• Italian: cucchiaino (it) m, zolla (it) f, zolletta (it) f, forfait (it) m
• Portuguese: torrão (pt) m
• Spanish: terrón (es) m

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Spanish: ^{(please verify)} trozo (es) m, ^{(please verify)} grumo (es) m, ^{(please verify)} bulto (es) m

Verb

lump (third-person singular simple present lumps, present participle lumping, simple past and past participle lumped)

1. (transitive) To treat as a single unit; to group together in a casual or chaotic manner (as if forming an ill-defined lump of the items).

   People tend to lump turtles and tortoises together, when in fact they are different creatures.

   • 2015 February 24, Daniel Taylor, “Luis Suárez strikes twice as Barcelona teach Manchester City a lesson”, in The Guardian (London)‎^[2]:

     Pellegrini’s decision to operate with both Edin Dzeko and Agüero in attack certainly looks misjudged bearing in mind that the first way to stop Barcelona is usually to try to crowd midfield and restrict space. Yet it would be wrong to lump all the blame on the manager’s tactics.

2. (transitive) To bear a heavy or awkward burden; to carry something unwieldy from one place to another.
   • 1876, Belgravia (volume 30, page 131)

     Well, a male body was brought to a certain surgeon by a man he had often employed, and the pair lumped it down on the dissecting table, and then the vendor received his money and went.

   • 1999, Alf Goldberg, World's End for Sir Oswald: Portraits of Working-class Life in Pre-war London, Book Guild, →ISBN:

     I never ceased to be amazed at his prowess at being able to lump two-hundredweight sacks of coal, which seemed as big as he was, up perhaps four flights of narrow stairs

3. (transitive, slang) To hit or strike (a person).
   • 1962, Floyd Patterson, Victory Over Myself (page 63)

     If that's the only way you can fight, then you'd better be prepared to get lumped.

Derived terms

• lump together

Translations

to treat as single unit

• Bulgarian: струпвам (bg) (strupvam)
• Dutch: klonteren (nl), bij elkaar doen

• Finnish: niputtaa (fi)

See also

• take one’s lumps
• lump it
• like it or lump it

Further reading

• “lump” in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• “lump” in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Anagrams

• Plum, plum

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Czech

Etymology

From German Lump.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈlump]

Noun

lump m inan

1. scoundrel, rascal

Declension

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	lump	lumpy
genitive	lumpu	lumpů
dative	lumpu	lumpům
accusative	lump	lumpy
vocative	lumpe	lumpy
locative	lumpu	lumpech
instrumental	lumpem	lumpy

Synonyms

• See also darebák

Related terms

• lumpárna
• ničemný

Further reading

• lump in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• lump in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

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French

Etymology

From English lumpfish.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lœ̃p/

Noun

lump m (plural lumps)

1. lumpfish

   œufs de lump ― lumpfish eggs

References

• “lump”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Further reading

• “lump”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

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Hungarian

Etymology

From German Lump.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈlump]
• Hyphenation: lump
• Rhymes: -ump

Adjective

lump (comparative lumpabb, superlative leglumpabb)

1. rakish, dissolute, debauched (regularly engaging in late night drunken social gatherings)

   Synonyms: korhely, mulatós, kicsapongó, italos, részeges

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	lump	lumpok
accusative	lumpot	lumpokat
dative	lumpnak	lumpoknak
instrumental	lumppal	lumpokkal
causal-final	lumpért	lumpokért
translative	lumppá	lumpokká
terminative	lumpig	lumpokig
essive-formal	lumpként	lumpokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	lumpban	lumpokban
superessive	lumpon	lumpokon
adessive	lumpnál	lumpoknál
illative	lumpba	lumpokba
sublative	lumpra	lumpokra
allative	lumphoz	lumpokhoz
elative	lumpból	lumpokból
delative	lumpról	lumpokról
ablative	lumptól	lumpoktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	lumpé	lumpoké
non-attributive possessive - plural	lumpéi	lumpokéi

Derived terms

• lumpol

Noun

lump (plural lumpok)

1. (colloquial, derogatory, chiefly of a man) rascal, carouser, roisterer, raver, drunkard (a person who regularly attends late night drunken social gatherings)

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	lump	lumpok
accusative	lumpot	lumpokat
dative	lumpnak	lumpoknak
instrumental	lumppal	lumpokkal
causal-final	lumpért	lumpokért
translative	lumppá	lumpokká
terminative	lumpig	lumpokig
essive-formal	lumpként	lumpokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	lumpban	lumpokban
superessive	lumpon	lumpokon
adessive	lumpnál	lumpoknál
illative	lumpba	lumpokba
sublative	lumpra	lumpokra
allative	lumphoz	lumpokhoz
elative	lumpból	lumpokból
delative	lumpról	lumpokról
ablative	lumptól	lumpoktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	lumpé	lumpoké
non-attributive possessive - plural	lumpéi	lumpokéi

Possessive forms of lump
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	lumpom	lumpjaim
2nd person sing.	lumpod	lumpjaid
3rd person sing.	lumpja	lumpjai
1st person plural	lumpunk	lumpjaink
2nd person plural	lumpotok	lumpjaitok
3rd person plural	lumpjuk	lumpjaik

Further reading

• lump in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

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Polish

Etymology

From German Lump.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lump/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ump
• Syllabification: lump

Noun

lump m pers

1. (colloquial, derogatory) ne'er-do-well

Declension

Declension of lump

	singular	plural
nominative	lump	lumpy
genitive	lumpa	lumpów
dative	lumpowi	lumpom
accusative	lumpa	lumpów
instrumental	lumpem	lumpami
locative	lumpie	lumpach
vocative	lumpie	lumpy

Noun

lump m inan

1. (Poznań) clothing
2. (colloquial) Clipping of lumpeks.

Further reading

• lump in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• lump in Polish dictionaries at PWN