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亥

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
亥 U+4EA5, 亥
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EA5
← 交
[U+4EA4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 亦 →
[U+4EA6]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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亥 (Kangxi radical 8, 亠+4, 6 strokes, Cangjie input 卜女竹人 (YVHO), four-corner 00802, composition ⿳亠𠂈人 or ⿱丶𠀔)

Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 88, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 292
  • Dae Jaweon: page 186, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 283, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+4EA5

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 亥
2nd round simp. ⿻⿻一𠃋人
alternative forms 㐪
𠀅
𢁓
𢁳
𠦇

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 亥
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
j31471
j31472
j31473
j31474
j31475
j31476
j31477
j31478
j31479
j31480
j31481
j31482
j31483
j31484
j31485
j31486
b21659
b21660
b21661
b21662
b21663
b21664
b21665
b21666
b21667
b21668
b21669
b21670
b21671
b21672
b21673
b21674
b21675
b21676
b21677
b21678
b21679
b21680
b21681
b21682
b21683
b21684
b21685
b21686
b21687
b21688
b21689
b21690
b21691
b21692
b21693
b21694
b21695
b21696
b21697
b21698
b21699
b21700
b21701
b21702
b21703
b21704
b21705
b21706
b21707
b21708
b21709
b21710
b21711
b21712
b21713
b21714
b21715
b21716
b21717
b21718
b21719
b21720
b21721
b21722
b21723
b21724
b21725
b21726
b21727
b21728
b21729
b21730
s11108
Transcribed ancient scripts
L34553
L34554
L34555
L34556
L34557
L34558
L34559
L15142
L15139
L15143
L15144
L15145
L15146
L15147
L15148
L15149
L15150
L15151
L15152
L15153
L15154
L15155
L15156
L15157
L15158
L15159
L15160
L15161
L15162
L15163
L15164
L15165
L15166
L15167
L15168
L15169
L15170
L15171
L15140
L15141
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (亥) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
該 *kɯː
垓 *kɯː
賅 *kɯː
陔 *kɯː
豥 *kɯː, *ɡɯː
荄 *kɯː, *krɯː
郂 *kɯː
姟 *kɯː
絯 *kɯː, *ɡrɯːʔ
晐 *kɯː
峐 *kɯː
侅 *kɯː, *kʰɯː, *ɡɯːʔ, *ɡrɯːʔ
胲 *kɯː
頦 *kɯːʔ, *ɡɯː
奒 *kʰɯː
輆 *kʰɯːʔ
欬 *kʰɯːɡs, *qraːds
硋 *ŋɡɯːɡs
閡 *ŋɡɯːɡs
咳 *qʰɯː, *ɡɯː
孩 *ɡɯː
亥 *ɡɯːʔ
劾 *ɡɯːɡs, *kʰrɯːɡs, *ɡɯːɡ
痎 *krɯː
烗 *kʰrɯːɡs
骸 *ɡrɯː
駭 *ɡrɯːʔ
刻 *kʰɯːɡ
餩 *qɯːɡ
核 *ɡuːd, *ɡrɯːɡ

Pictogram (象形) – depiction uncertain. Some propose it depicts a plant's roots underground, possibly as the original form of 荄 (OC *kɯː, *krɯː). Others propose it is an animal, similar in origin to 豕.

Etymology

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Smith (2011) groups 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ) in a word-family meaning "root, germ, generative core" along with 荄 (OC *kɯ:, “grassroot”) → 根 (OC *kɯːn, “root”), 核 (OC *ɡrɯːɡ, “germ, kernel”), 骸 (OC *ɡrɯː, “(human) bones”), and 孩 (OC *ɡɯː, “child”). He suggests the derivation 荄根 "germ, sprout, root (n.)" → 孩 "to sprout" → 亥 "sprouting stage", i.e. "the moon’s first appearance", recalling 月芽 lit. "moon sprout" → "crescent moon".

See 核 (hé) for further etymology.

Later 亥 (hài) and 豕 (shǐ, “pig”) graphically converged.

As for 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ)'s phonological association with the pig. Compare the following:

Ferlus (2013) notes 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ) is a possible match to the Austroasiatic root, but there should be a final sonorant in Old Chinese.

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 亥
Mandarin Beijing /xai⁵¹/
Harbin /xai⁵³/
/xai²⁴/
Tianjin /xai⁵³/
Jinan /xɛ²¹/
Qingdao /xɛ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /xai⁴²/
Xi'an /xai⁴⁴/
Xining /xɛ²¹³/
Yinchuan /xɛ¹³/
Lanzhou /xɛ¹³/
Ürümqi /xai⁵¹/
Wuhan /xai³⁵/
Chengdu /xai¹³/
/xe³¹/
Guiyang /xai²¹³/
Kunming /xæ²¹²/
Nanjing /xae⁴⁴/
Hefei /xe̞⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /xai⁴⁵/
Pingyao /xæ⁵³/
Hohhot /xɛ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ɦe²³/
Suzhou /ɦe̞³¹/
Hangzhou /ɦe̞¹³/
Wenzhou /ɦe³⁵/
Hui Shexian /xɛ²²/
Tunxi /xa²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /xai⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /ɦai²¹/
Gan Nanchang /hai²¹/
Hakka Meixian /hoi⁵³/
Taoyuan /hoi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hɔi²²/
Nanning /hɔi²²/
Hong Kong /hɔi²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hai²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /hɑi²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xuɛ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /hai³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hai³³/
Rime
Character 亥
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 咍 (41)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 胡改切
Baxter hojX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦʌiX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦəiX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣɒiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦəjX/
Li
Rong 		/ɣᴀiX/
Wang
Li 		/ɣɒiX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɣɑ̆iX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		hài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hoi6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 亥
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		hài
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hojX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɡ]ˁəʔ/
English 12th earthly branch

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 亥
Reading # 1/1
No. 4828
Phonetic
component 		亥
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		亥
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡɯːʔ/
Notes 甲金文象根荄爲荄之初文，
陳獨秀說

Definitions

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亥

  1. (obsolete) grass root
  2. twelfth of twelve earthly branches (十二支)
  3. pig (豬) of the Chinese zodiac
  4. a surname

Coordinate terms

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Chinese earthly branches: 地支 (dìzhī)edit

Compounds

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See also

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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亥

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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  • Go-on: がい (gai)
  • Kan-on: かい (kai)
  • Kun: い (i, 亥)←ゐ (wi, 亥, historical)

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
亥
い
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

From 猪 (inoshishi, i, “boar”).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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亥(い) • (I) ←ゐ (Wi)?

  1. the Boar, the twelfth of the twelve Earthly Branches
    Hypernyms: 十二支, 地支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
亥
がい
Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 亥 (hojX).

Proper noun

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亥(がい) • (Gai) 

  1. the Boar, the twelfth of the twelve Earthly Branches
    Hypernyms: 十二支, 地支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

References

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Korean

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Hanja

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亥 (eum 해 (hae))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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亥: Hán Việt readings: hợi[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
亥: Nôm readings: hãy[1], hỡi[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of Hợi
    1. a unisex given name from Chinese
    2. twelfth of the twelve earthly branches
      Hypernyms: 地支, 十二支
      Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥
  2. chữ Nôm form of hãy (“do; let's (mild imperative sentence-initial particle)”)

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ^ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ^ Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Hồ (1976).
  5. ^ Bonet (1899).
  6. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  7. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

Zhuang

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Verb

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亥

  1. Sawndip form of hai
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