午
|
Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Han character
[edit]午 (Kangxi radical 24, 十+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人十 (OJ) or 難人十 (XOJ), four-corner 80400, composition ⿱𠂉十 or ⿰丿干)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 156, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2703
- Dae Jaweon: page 354, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 406, character 1
- Unihan data for U+5348
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
午 |
---|
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 午 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Pictogram (象形) – a pestle (now written 杵). Unrelated to 干. See the central component of 舂 and 秦 in their original version.
Etymology 1
[edit]Norman (1985) proposed connection with Austroasiatic; Ferlus (2013) noted a "[g]ood correspondence" between Proto-Vietic *m-ŋəːʔ (whence Vietnamese ngựa) and Old Chinese reconstructions like *m-qʰˁaʔ (Baxter-Sagart) and *ᵀs.ŋaʔ (Ferlus). Also compare Proto-Hlai *hŋaːʔ (“horse”), Proto-Kra *ŋja C (“horse”).
Alternatively, Smith (2011) proposed 午 (OC *ŋaːʔ)'s cognacy with 啎 (OC *ŋaːs) "to meet head on" and 御 (OC *ŋas) "to meet in (battle)" and suggested that "the moon at its full phase opposes the sun directly in the sky, meaning *ŋaaʔ 午 is probably to be glossed, given *-ʔ , ‘facing stage’". Schuessler (2007) regarded 午 (OC ŋâh) "to go against" as a mere graphic variant of 啎 and thus deemed the sense "to go against" distinct from the "earthly branch" sense.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ng5
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): ngù
- Eastern Min (BUC): ngū
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gou3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5u; 6wu; 6ng
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wǔ
- Wade–Giles: wu3
- Yale: wǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuu
- Palladius: у (u)
- Sinological IPA (key): /u²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ng5
- Yale: ńgh
- Cantonese Pinyin: ng5
- Guangdong Romanization: ng5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋ̍¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ńg
- Hakka Romanization System: ngˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ng3
- Sinological IPA: /ŋ̍³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: ngˊ
- Sinological IPA: /ŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngù
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋu⁴²/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ngū
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋu³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gou3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɔu⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gou3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɔu³³²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Changtai, Zhao'an, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Hui'an, Yongchun)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gó͘
- Tâi-lô: góo
- Phofsit Daibuun: gor
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Yongchun): /ɡɔ⁵³/
- IPA (Hui'an): /ɡɔ⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangpu, Zhao'an, Zhangzhou, dated in Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngō͘
- Tâi-lô: ngōo
- Phofsit Daibuun: ngo
- IPA (Zhangzhou, Xiamen): /ŋɔ̃²²/
- IPA (Zhangpu): /ŋɔ̃u³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Xiamen, Changtai, General Taiwanese)
- ngó͘/gó͘ — literary;
- ngō͘ — popular (俗) variant;
- gō͘ — chiefly in 午時.
- 2u/3hhu - literary;
- 3ngg - vernacular, used in 端午.
- Middle Chinese: nguX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[m].qʰˤaʔ/, /*m-qʰˤaʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːʔ/
Definitions
[edit]午
- the seventh of twelve earthly branches:
Coordinate terms
[edit]- (Chinese earthly branches) 地支 (dìzhī); 子, 丑 (chǒu), 寅 (yín), 卯 (mǎo), 辰 (chén), 巳 (sì), 午 (wǔ), 未 (wèi), 申 (shēn), 酉 (yǒu), 戌, 亥 (hài) (Category: zh:Chinese earthly branches)
Hypernyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 下午 (xiàwǔ)
- 上午 (shàngwǔ)
- 下午茶 (xiàwǔchá)
- 中午 (zhōngwǔ)
- 交午
- 亭午 (tíngwǔ)
- 亭午夜分
- 傍午 (bàngwǔ)
- 午井 (Wǔjǐng)
- 午供
- 午前 (wǔqián)
- 午夜 (wǔyè)
- 午夜牛郎
- 午宴 (wǔyàn)
- 午後/午后 (wǔhòu)
- 午日 (Wǔrì)
- 午時/午时 (wǔshí)
- 午正 (wǔzhèng)
- 午炮
- 午牌 (wǔpái)
- 午睡 (wǔshuì)
- 午覺/午觉 (wǔjiào)
- 午錯/午错
- 午門/午门 (wǔmén)
- 午間/午间 (wǔjiān)
- 午飯/午饭 (wǔfàn)
- 午餐 (wǔcān)
- 卓午
- 卯酉子午
- 向午
- 子午卯酉
- 子午線/子午线 (zǐwǔxiàn)
- 子午蓮/子午莲
- 工作午餐
- 庭午
- 打午尖
- 旁午
- 晌午
- 晌午歪
- 正午 (zhèngwǔ)
- 營養午餐/营养午餐
- 甲午戰爭/甲午战争 (Jiǎwǔ Zhànzhēng)
- 當午/当午
- 祁奚舉午/祁奚举午
- 端午 (Duānwǔ)
- 端午節/端午节 (Duānwǔjié)
- 紅日當午/红日当午
- 舛午
- 蜂午並起/蜂午并起
- 西午 (Xīwǔ)
- 過午/过午
- 重午
- 題鳳題午/题凤题午
- 餉午/饷午
Etymology 2
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 午 – see 舞 (“to dance; dance; dancing; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 舞). |
Notes:
|
References
[edit]- “午”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
午 |
うま Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]- the Horse, the seventh of the twelve Earthly Branches
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
午 |
ご Grade: 2 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 午 (nguX).
Proper noun
[edit]- the Horse, the seventh of the twelve Earthly Branches
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 午 (MC nguX).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᅌᅩᆼ〯 (Yale: ngwǒ) |
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [o̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [오(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]午: Hán Nôm readings: ngọ, ngỏ, ngõ
- chữ Hán form of Ngọ (“seventh of the twelve earthly branches”).
Compounds
[edit]- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han pictograms
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Puxian Min lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Northern Min hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Puxian Min hanzi
- Wu hanzi
- Middle Chinese hanzi
- Old Chinese hanzi
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Northern Min nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Puxian Min nouns
- Wu nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 午
- Chinese terms with historical senses
- zh:Astrology
- Chinese terms with archaic senses
- zh:Chinese earthly branches
- Advanced Mandarin
- Taishanese lemmas
- Taishanese hanzi
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Taishanese verbs
- Hakka verbs
- Northern Min verbs
- Eastern Min verbs
- Hokkien verbs
- Teochew verbs
- Wu verbs
- Middle Chinese verbs
- Old Chinese verbs
- Taishanese nouns
- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Taishanese proper nouns
- Hakka proper nouns
- Northern Min proper nouns
- Eastern Min proper nouns
- Hokkien proper nouns
- Teochew proper nouns
- Wu proper nouns
- Middle Chinese proper nouns
- Old Chinese proper nouns
- Chinese simplified forms
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese second grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading ご
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ご
- Japanese kanji with kun reading うま
- Japanese terms spelled with 午 read as うま
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms with homophones
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese proper nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 午
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms spelled with 午 read as ご
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese words with multiple readings
- ja:Chinese earthly branches
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán