申

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See also: 田 [U+7530 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7530], 甲 [U+7532 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7532], 由 [U+7531 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7531], and 𢑚 [U+2245A CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2245A]
申 U+7533, 申
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7533
← 甲
[U+7532] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 甴 →
[U+7534]

🈸 U+1F238, 🈸
SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7533
← 🈷
[U+1F237] 		Enclosed Ideographic Supplement 🈹 →
[U+1F239]

Translingual[edit]

Presentations of 🈸︎
Text
style		 Emoji
style
🈸︎ 🈸️
Note: Character's appearance
may be different on each system.
Text style is forced with ︎
and emoji style with ️
Stroke order

Han character[edit]

See images of
Radical 102 申

申 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 中田中 (LWL), four-corner 50006, composition ⿻日丨 or ⿻囗十)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 758, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21726
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1168, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2526, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7533

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 申
alternative forms
 
𢑚
𦥔
伸 “to extend; to stretch; to state; to explain”
𤰶
𠭙
𢑚
𦥔
伸 “to extend; to stretch; to state; to explain”
𤰶
𠭙
𦦀
𠭜

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 申
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (申) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
電 *l'iːns
胂 *l̥ʰin, *hlin
申 *hlin
伸 *hlin
呻 *hlin
紳 *hlin
眒 *hlin, *hlins
柛 *hlin
訷 *hlin
抻 *hlins
神 *hlin
朄 *lins

Pictogram (象形) — a bolt of lightning. Original character of 電 (OC *l'iːns, “lightning”) and 神 (OC *hlin, “god; deity; spirit”).

Etymology[edit]

“to extend; to state; to request; to announce; again”
From 引 (OC *linʔ, *lins, “to pull; to draw”) + devoicing causative or iterative (Schuessler, 2007).
9th earthly branch
From sense "to extend", denoting the moon's "extending" phase, i.e. waxing half-moon with a concave edge (Smith, 2010).
Association with the monkey was possibly arbitrarily, just like 辰 (chén) with the dragon (see Ferlus (2013)). Compare Proto-Tai *liːŋᴬ (“monkey”), Proto-Hmong *ʔlinᴬ (“monkey”), Proto-Mien *ʔbiŋᴬ (“monkey”).
“Shanghai”
From 春申江 (Chūnshēnjiāng), an alternative name of 黃浦江／黄浦江 (Huángpǔjiāng), the largest river in Shanghai.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • sin - literary;
  • chhun - vernacular.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 申
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 書 (26)
    Final (韻) 眞 (43)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 失人切
    Baxter syin
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɕiɪn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɕin/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɕjen/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɕin/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɕiĕn/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɕĭĕn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ɕi̯ĕn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shēn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		san1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 申
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		shēn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ syin ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*l̥i[n]/
    English 9th earthly branch

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 申
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11235
    Phonetic
    component         		申
    Rime
    group         		眞
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		申
    Old
    Chinese         		/*hlin/
    Notes 甲金文象閃電，
    後轉註爲電字

    Definitions[edit]

    申

    1. † Original form of 電／电 (diàn, “lightning”).
    2. to extend; to stretch
    3. to state; to explain
      三令五申  ―  sānlìngwǔshēn  ―  to repeat and reaffirm the commands multiple times
    4. to request; to report
    5. to announce; to express
    6. † again; repeatedly
      申命記／申命记  ―  Shēnmìngjì  ―  Book of Deuteronomy (lit. book of reaffirmation of laws)
    7. ninth of twelve earthly branches (十二支)
      1. monkey of the Chinese zodiac
      2. 3 to 5 p.m.
      3. seventh month of the Chinese calendar
    8. (～國) Shen (vassal state during the Zhou dynasty)
    9. Alternative name for 上海 (Shànghǎi, “Shanghai”).
    10. † Alternative form of 神 (shén, “deity”).
    11. a surname

    Coordinate terms[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    申

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. (humble) to speak
    2. the monkey, one of the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    申
    さる
    Grade: 3
    kun’yomi
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja

    From 猿 (saru, “monkey”).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    申(さる) • (Saru) 

    1. the Monkey, the ninth of the twelve Earthly Branches

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    申
    しん
    Grade: 3
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 申 (syin).

    Proper noun[edit]

    申(しん) • (Shin) 

    1. the Monkey, the ninth of the twelve Earthly Branches

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    申 (eumhun 펼칠 신 (pyeolchil sin))

    1. Hanja form? of 신 (“to extend; to stretch”).

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    申: Hán Nôm readings: thân

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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