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坤

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 堃 and ☷
坤 U+5764, 坤
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5764
← 坣
[U+5763] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 坥 →
[U+5765]

Translingual

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Han character

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坤 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+5, 8 strokes, Cangjie input 土中田中 (GLWL), four-corner 45106, composition ⿰土申)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 226, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4969
  • Dae Jaweon: page 461, character 28
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 431, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+5764

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Written as 川 in the Han Stone Classics, Haihunhou bamboo slips, and Mawangdui silk texts (possibly the Kun trigram rotated 90° clockwise), and as 𡘩 in the Wangjiatai and Tsinghua bamboo slips.

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.
 坤
alternative forms 堃

Note similarities to Burmese ကုန်း (kun:, “earth”).

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 坤
Mandarin Beijing /kʰuən⁵⁵/
Harbin /kʰuən⁴⁴/
Tianjin /kʰuən²¹/
Jinan /kʰuẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /kʰuə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /kʰuən²⁴/
Xi'an /kʰuẽ²¹/
Xining /kʰuə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kʰuŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /kʰũn³¹/
Ürümqi /kʰuŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /kʰuən⁵⁵/
Chengdu /kʰuən⁵⁵/
Guiyang /kʰuen⁵⁵/
Kunming /kʰuə⁴⁴̃/
Nanjing /kʰun³¹/
Hefei /kʰuən²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /kʰuəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /kʰuŋ¹³/
Hohhot /kʰũŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /kʰuəŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /kʰuən⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /kʰun³³/
Wenzhou /kʰaŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /kʰuʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /kʰuɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /kʰuən³³/
Xiangtan /kʰuən³³/
Gan Nanchang /kʰun⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /kʰun⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /kʰun²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kʰwɐn⁵³/
Nanning /kʰʷɐn⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kʰwɐn⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kʰun⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kʰuŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kʰɔŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kʰuŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /xun²³/
Rime
Character 坤
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 魂 (55)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 苦昆切
Baxter khwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰuən/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰuon/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰuən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰwən/
Li
Rong 		/kʰuən/
Wang
Li 		/kʰuən/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kʰuən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		kūn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fan1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 坤
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		kūn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khwon ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[kʰ]ˁu[n]/
English earth (trigram or hexagram)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 坤
Reading # 1/1
No. 7518
Phonetic
component 		坤
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		坤
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰuːn/

Definitions

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坤

  1. earth
  2. feminine, female
  3. eighth of the eight trigrams (bagua) used in Taoist cosmology, represented by the symbol ☷
  4. second hexagram of the I Ching, represented by the symbol ䷁

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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simp. and trad.
 坤

After singer Cai Xukun (蔡徐坤), based on a mondegreen of the lyrics 只因你太美 (zhǐ yīn nǐ tài měi, “just because you are too pretty”) in his song 只因你太美 with the boy group SWIN-S, misheard as 雞你太美 / 鸡你太美 (jī nǐ tài měi, “chicken, you are too pretty”).

The sense of "two and a half years" was quoted from his introduction at Idol Producer in 2015.

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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坤

  1. (Internet slang) Used as a replacement for 雞 / 鸡 (jī, “chicken”) or its homophones.
  2. (Internet slang) two and a half years

Japanese

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Kanji

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坤

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. southwest

Readings

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  • Go-on: こん (kon)
  • Kan-on: こん (kon)
  • Kun: つち (tsuchi, 坤)、ひつじさる (hitsujisaru, 坤)
  • Nanori: まもる (mamoru)

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
坤
こん
Hyōgai
on'yomi

Pronunciation

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Noun

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坤(こん) • (kon) 

  1. the eighth of the eight trigrams of the I Ching ☷
    Hypernym: 八卦
    Coordinate terms: 乾, 兌, 離, 震, 巽, 坎, 艮, 坤
  2. the second of the sixty-four hexagrams of the I Ching ䷁
    Hypernym: 六十四卦

Etymology 2

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未 (hitsuji) +‎ 申 (saru)

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [çi̥t͡sɨʑisa̠ɾɯ̟]
  • (Tokyo) ひつじさる [hìtsújísáꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [4])

Noun

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坤(ひつじさる) • (hitsujisaru) 

  1. (obsolete) southwest

References

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Korean

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Hanja

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坤 (eumhun 땅 곤 (ttang gon))

  1. hanja form? of 곤 (“earth”)
  2. (곤괘 곤, gongwae-) ☷ or the eighth of the Eight Trigrams, (☰☱☲☳☴☵☶☷ or 팔괘 (八卦, palgwae)) that exactly match with the three-digit binary numbers, counting from 0 to 7. Four (0, 2, 5, 7) out of eight trigrams are placed in the four corners of the flag of South Korea.
  3. (황후 곤, hwanghu-) queen

Antonyms

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Synonyms

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Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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坤: Hán Nôm readings: khôn, khuôn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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