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申す

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Japanese

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
申
もう
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

⟨mawosu⟩ → */mawusu/ → /mausu/ → /mɔːsu/ → /moːsu/

Shift from Old Japanese 申す (mawosu),[1][2] Late Old Japanese mausu.

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 申す
Plain 申す もーす [móꜜòsù]
Conjunctive 申して もーして [móꜜòshìtè]
Perfective 申した もーした [móꜜòshìtà]
Negative 申さない もーさない [mòósáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 申さなかった もーさなかった [mòósáꜜnàkàttà]
Hypothetical conditional 申せば もーせば [móꜜòsèbà]
Past conditional 申したら もーしたら [móꜜòshìtàrà]
Imperative 申せ もーせ [móꜜòsè]
Volitional 申そう もーそー [mòósóꜜò]
Desiderative 申したい もーしたい [mòóshítáꜜì]
Formal 申します もーします [mòóshímáꜜsù]
Formal negative 申しません もーしません [mòóshímáséꜜǹ]
Formal volitional 申しましょう もーしましょー [mòóshímáshóꜜò]
Formal perfective 申しました もーしました [mòóshímáꜜshìtà]
Continuative 申し
申しに 		もーし
もーしに 		[móꜜòshì]
[móꜜòshì nì]
Negative continuative 申さず
申さずに 		もーさず
もーさずに 		[mòósáꜜzù]
[mòósáꜜzù nì]
Passive 申される もーされる [mòósáréꜜrù]
Causative 申させる
申さす 		もーさせる
もーさす 		[mòósáséꜜrù]
[mòósáꜜsù]
Potential 申せる もーせる [mòóséꜜrù]

Verb

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申(もう)す • (mōsu) ←まうす (mausu)?transitive godan (stem 申(もう)し (mōshi), past 申(もう)した (mōshita))

  1. (humble, formal) to say
  2. (humble, formal) to be called
    こちらは田(た)中(なか)と申(もう)します。鈴(すず)木(き)さんはおいででしょうか。
    Kochira wa Tanaka to mōshimasu. Suzuki-san wa oide deshō ka.
    This is Tanaka speaking. Is Mr. Suzuki there?
    ジョンソンと申(もう)します。
    Jonson to mōshimasu.
    I am called Johnson.
  3. (humble) to ask, request, or give thanks (to a kami or buddha)
  4. (humble) to make a wish
  5. (auxiliary) before a noun, usually with the honorific prefix 御 (o-/go-), to serve, perform an action for a superior
  6. (auxiliary, archaic) attaches to 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of a verb: to formally or otherwise ceremonially do [verb]
Conjugation
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Conjugation of "申す" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 申さ もうさ mōsa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 申し もうし mōshi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 申す もうす mōsu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 申す もうす mōsu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 申せ もうせ mōse
Meireikei ("imperative") 申せ もうせ mōse
Key constructions
Passive 申される もうされる mōsareru
Causative 申させる
申さす 		もうさせる
もうさす 		mōsaseru
mōsasu
Potential 申せる もうせる mōseru
Volitional 申そう もうそう mōsō
Negative 申さない もうさない mōsanai
Negative continuative 申さず もうさず mōsazu
Formal 申します もうします mōshimasu
Perfective 申した もうした mōshita
Conjunctive 申して もうして mōshite
Hypothetical conditional 申せば もうせば mōseba
Classical conjugation of "申す" (サ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 申さ まうさ mausa
Continuative (連用形) 申し まうし mausi
Terminal (終止形) 申す まうす mausu
Attributive (連体形) 申す まうす mausu
Realis (已然形) 申せ まうせ mause
Imperative (命令形) 申せ まうせ mause
Key constructions
Negative 申さず まうさず mausazu
Contrasting conjunction 申せど まうせど mausedo
Causal conjunction 申せば まうせば mauseba
Conditional conjunction 申さば まうさば mausaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 申しき まうしき mausiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 申しけり まうしけり mausikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 申しつ まうしつ mausitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 申しぬ まうしぬ mausinu
Perfect-continuative tense 申せり
申したり		 まうせり
まうしたり		 mauseri
mausitari
Volitional 申さむ まうさむ mausamu
Derived terms
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Idioms
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Proverbs
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
申
もう > ま
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

/mausu/ → */maːsu/ → /masu/

Thought to be a shift from mōsu above, historical mausu.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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申(ま)す • (masu) transitive †yodan

  1. (rare, obsolete) Same as もうす (mōsu) above
Conjugation
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Classical conjugation of "申す" (サ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 申さ まさ masa
Continuative (連用形) 申し まし masi
Terminal (終止形) 申す ます masu
Attributive (連体形) 申す ます masu
Realis (已然形) 申せ ませ mase
Imperative (命令形) 申せ ませ mase
Key constructions
Negative 申さず まさず masazu
Contrasting conjunction 申せど ませど masedo
Causal conjunction 申せば ませば maseba
Conditional conjunction 申さば まさば masaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 申しき ましき masiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 申しけり ましけり masikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 申しつ ましつ masitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 申しぬ ましぬ masinu
Perfect-continuative tense 申せり
申したり		 ませり
ましたり		 maseri
masitari
Volitional 申さむ まさむ masamu

References

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  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
  4. ^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 [Nationwide Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN

Old Japanese

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Etymology 1

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This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “From a maw- stem cognate with 參る (mawiru, “to come, go”)?”

Verb

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申す (mawosu) (kana まをす)

  1. to say
  2. to be called
  3. to ask, request, or give thanks (to a kami or buddha)
  4. to serve, perform an action for a superior
  5. (auxiliary) attaches to 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of a verb: to formally or otherwise ceremonially do [verb]
Usage notes
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Modern dictionaries use まおす (maosu) as reference to this verb.

Conjugation
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Classical conjugation of "申す" (サ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 申さ まをさ mawosa
Continuative (連用形) 申し まをし mawosi
Terminal (終止形) 申す まをす mawosu
Attributive (連体形) 申す まをす mawosu
Realis (已然形) 申せ まをせ mawose
Imperative (命令形) 申せ まをせ mawose
Key constructions
Negative 申さず まをさず mawosazu
Contrasting conjunction 申せど まをせど mawosedo
Causal conjunction 申せば まをせば mawoseba
Conditional conjunction 申さば まをさば mawosaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 申しき まをしき mawosiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 申しけり まをしけり mawosikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 申しつ まをしつ mawositu
Perfect tense (natural event) 申しぬ まをしぬ mawosinu
Perfect-continuative tense 申せり
申したり		 まをせり
まをしたり		 mawoseri
mawositari
Volitional 申さむ まをさむ mawosamu
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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⟨mawosu⟩ → */mawusu/ → /mausu/

Shift from mawosu above, attested in a few later poems of the Man'yōshū.

Since later poems also attest the use of earlier mawosu, a free variation of both pronunciations appears likely.

Verb

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申す (mausu) (kana まうす)

  1. (rare) Same as まをす (mawosu) above
Conjugation
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Classical conjugation of "申す" (サ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 申さ まうさ mausa
Continuative (連用形) 申し まうし mausi
Terminal (終止形) 申す まうす mausu
Attributive (連体形) 申す まうす mausu
Realis (已然形) 申せ まうせ mause
Imperative (命令形) 申せ まうせ mause
Key constructions
Negative 申さず まうさず mausazu
Contrasting conjunction 申せど まうせど mausedo
Causal conjunction 申せば まうせば mauseba
Conditional conjunction 申さば まうさば mausaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 申しき まうしき mausiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 申しけり まうしけり mausikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 申しつ まうしつ mausitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 申しぬ まうしぬ mausinu
Perfect-continuative tense 申せり
申したり		 まうせり
まうしたり		 mauseri
mausitari
Volitional 申さむ まうさむ mausamu
Derived terms
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Descendants

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  • Japanese: 申す (mōsu)
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