參る

See also: 参る

Japanese

Kanji in this term
參
Hyōgaiji

For pronunciation and definitions of 參る – see the following entry.

【参まいる】 [verb] [from 720] (intransitive, humble) to go [verb] [from early 1000s] (intransitive, humble) to come [verb] [from late 900s] (intransitive) to visit (typically a place of social or spiritual importance, such as a noble's house or a shrine) [verb] to be overcome, to cede to a superior person or superior circumstances (by extension from the older "go to a superior" sense) [verb] [from late 1500s] (intransitive) to lose to an opponent [verb] [from early 1900s] (intransitive) to be bothered, overwhelmed, done in by circumstances [verb] [from early 1900s] (intransitive) to die [verb] [from early 1900s] (intransitive) to fall for someone romantically [verb] (transitive, humble, archaic) to go to (Can we verify(+) this sense?) [verb] [late 900s–???] (transitive, humble, archaic) to serve someone in some capacity, to do something for someone [verb] [1478–???] (transitive, humble, archaic) a 脇付 (wakizuke, “respectful title written after an addressee's name”) on the side of a formal letter

(This term, 參る, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Old Japanese

Etymology 1

Possibly from a maw- stem cognate with 申す (mawosu, “to say, be called”).

Verb

參る (mawiru) (kana まゐる)

1. (humble, formal) to call on, visit
   • c. 753, Bussokuseki no Uta (Yakushi-ji Buddha Footprint Poems), poem 8

     己乃美阿止乎多豆禰毛止米弖与伎比止乃伊麻須久爾爾波和禮毛麻胃弖牟毛呂毛呂乎爲弖

     ko₂no₂ mi₁-ato₂ wo tadunemoto₂me₂te yo₂ki₁ pi₁to₂ no₂ imasu kuni ni pa ware mo mawitemu moro₂moro₂ wo wite

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 18, poem 4116:
     , text here

     ...彌夜故敞爾末為之和我世乎安良多末乃等之由吉我弊理...

     ...mi₁yako₁pe₁ ni mawisi waga se wo aratama no₂ to₂si yuki₁gape₁ri...

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4393:
     , text here

     於保伎美能美許等爾作例波知知波波乎以波比弊等於枳弖麻爲弖枳爾之乎

     opoki₁mi₁ no₂ mi₁-ko₂to₂ ni sareba titipapa wo ipapi₁be₁ to₂ oki₁te mawite ki₁nisi wo

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Conjugation

Classical conjugation of "參る" (ワ行上一段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	參	まゐ	mawi
Continuative (連用形)	參	まゐ	mawi
Terminal (終止形)	參る	まゐる	mawiru
Attributive (連体形)	參る	まゐる	mawiru
Realis (已然形)	參れ	まゐれ	mawire
Imperative (命令形)	參よ	まゐよ	mawiyo
Key constructions
Negative	參ず	まゐず	mawizu
Contrasting conjunction	參れど	まゐれど	mawiredo
Causal conjunction	參れば	まゐれば	mawireba
Conditional conjunction	參ば	まゐば	mawiba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	參き	まゐき	mawiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	參けり	まゐけり	mawikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	參つ	まゐつ	mawitu
Perfect tense (natural event)	參ぬ	まゐぬ	mawinu
Perfect-continuative tense	參たり	まゐたり	mawitari
Volitional	參む	まゐむ	mawimu

Derived terms

• 參る (mawiru), see below
• 參來 (mawiku)
• 參到る (mawitaru)
• 參出 (mawidu)
• 參上る (mawino₂boru)

Etymology 2

Compound of 參 (mawi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verb 參る (mawiru), “to call on”, see above) +‎ 入る (iru, “to enter”), the second i removed due to absence of vowel clusters.

Verb

參る (mawiru) (kana まゐる)

1. (humble) to go, enter, visit especially a court
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 2, poem 186:
     , text here

     一日者千遍參入之東乃大寸御門乎入不勝鴨

     pi₁to₂pi₁ ni pa titabi₁ mawirisi *pi₁mukasi no₂ opoki₁ mi₁kado₁ wo irikatenu ka mo

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Conjugation

Classical conjugation of "參る" (ラ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	參ら	まゐら	mawira
Continuative (連用形)	參り	まゐり	mawiri
Terminal (終止形)	參る	まゐる	mawiru
Attributive (連体形)	參る	まゐる	mawiru
Realis (已然形)	參れ	まゐれ	mawire
Imperative (命令形)	參れ	まゐれ	mawire
Key constructions
Negative	參らず	まゐらず	mawirazu
Contrasting conjunction	參れど	まゐれど	mawiredo
Causal conjunction	參れば	まゐれば	mawireba
Conditional conjunction	參らば	まゐらば	mawiraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	參りき	まゐりき	mawiriki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	參りけり	まゐりけり	mawirikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	參りつ	まゐりつ	mawiritu
Perfect tense (natural event)	參りぬ	まゐりぬ	mawirinu
Perfect-continuative tense	參れり 參りたり	まゐれり まゐりたり	mawireri mawiritari
Volitional	參らむ	まゐらむ	mawiramu

Derived terms

• 參り (mawiri)
• 參り來 (mawiriku)

Descendants

• Japanese: 参る (mairu)