神

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神 U+795E, 神
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-795E
← 祝
[U+795D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 祟 →
[U+795F]
Ufa19.svg
神 U+FA19, 神
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA19
← 礼
[U+FA18] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 祥 →
[U+FA1A]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order (Mainland China)
9 strokes

Han character[edit]

神 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+5, 10 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 9 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 戈火中田中 (IFLWL), four-corner 35206, composition ⿰礻申(GHTJV) or ⿰示申(K or U+FA19))

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 842, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24673
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1261, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2392, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+795E

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 神
alternative forms 𥙍
𥛠
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 神
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
神-bronze.svg 神-silk.svg 神-seal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (申) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
電 *l'iːns
胂 *l̥ʰin, *hlin
申 *hlin
伸 *hlin
呻 *hlin
紳 *hlin
眒 *hlin, *hlins
柛 *hlin
訷 *hlin
抻 *hlins
神 *hlin
朄 *lins

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hlin): semantic 示 (“god; deity”) + phonetic 申 (OC *hlin, “lightning”).

Originally 申 in the oracle bone script and in some bronze inscriptions. The ancients feared the unpredictable lightning and considered it to be divine or of divine origin. 示 was added for specialization.

Etymology 1[edit]

Possibly Sino-Tibetan; compare Chepang ग्‍लीङ्‌ह (gliŋh, “spirit, mind, soul”) (Schuessler, 2007)

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 神
Mandarin Beijing /ʂən³⁵/
Harbin /ʂən²⁴/
Tianjin /ʂən⁴⁵/
/sən⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʂẽ⁴²/
Qingdao /ʃə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂən⁴²/
Xi'an /ʂẽ²⁴/
Xining /ʂə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂəŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʂə̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /sən²¹³/
Chengdu /sən³¹/
Guiyang /sen²¹/
Kunming /ʂə̃³¹/
Nanjing /ʂən²⁴/
Hefei /ʂən⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /səŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ʂəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /sə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zəŋ²³/
Suzhou /zən¹³/
Hangzhou /zen²¹³/
Wenzhou /zaŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /ɕiʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ɕian⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ʂən¹³/
Xiangtan /ʂən¹²/
Gan Nanchang /sɨn⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /sən¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʃen¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐn²¹/
Nanning /sɐn²¹/
Hong Kong /sɐn²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sin³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /siŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /seiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /siŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /tin³¹/
Rime
Character 神
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 船 (27)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 食鄰切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʑiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʑin/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʑjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʑin/
Li
Rong 		/d͡ʑiĕn/
Wang
Li 		/d͡ʑĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/d͡ʑʰi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shén
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		san4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 神
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shén
Middle
Chinese 		‹ zyin ›
Old
Chinese 		/*Cə.li[n]/
English spirit

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 神
Reading # 1/1
No. 11245
Phonetic
component 		申
Rime
group 		眞
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		神
Old
Chinese 		/*hlin/

Definitions[edit]

神

  1. (religion) god; deity; spirit
    神位  ―  shénwèi  ―  spirit tablet
    財神 / 财神  ―  cáishén  ―  god of wealth
    死神  ―  sǐshén  ―  god of death
    守護神 / 守护神  ―  shǒuhùshén  ―  tutelary deity
    無神論 / 无神论  ―  wúshénlùn  ―  atheism
    一神教  ―  yīshénjiào  ―  monotheism
    1. (Protestantism, specifically) God
  2. spirit; soul; mind
  3. expression; countenance; appearance
  4. supernatural; magic; psychic
  5. extraordinary; unbelievable; sublime
  6. A surname​. Shen
Synonyms[edit]
Terms for God in different branches of Christianity
Branch Words
Protestant 上帝, 神, 真神
Roman Catholic 天主, 僚氏 Hokkien, historical
Eastern Orthodox 上帝

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 神

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (神):
  • → Japanese: 神(しん) (shin)
  • → Korean: 신 (神, sin)
  • → Vietnamese: thần (神)

Others:

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

神

  1. Only used in 神荼 (Shēnshū).

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai

神

Kyūjitai

神

Kanji[edit]

神

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 神)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
神
かみ
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
神 (kyūjitai)
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

⟨kami2⟩ → */kamɨ/ → /kami/

From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kamuy.

Not related to 上 (kami1 → kami, “top, upper”) or 髪 (kami, “hair”). Possibly cognate with Korean 검 (geom, “god, spirit”).

Often appears in compounds as kamu- or kan-, indicating that kami is a bound or fused form deriving from */kamu.i/. Note that this final i may be the Old Japanese emphatic nominative particle い (i), likely cognate with Korean nominative particle 이 (i). Such fusion has occurred in other Japanese terms, such as 目 (me, “eye”, from ma + i) or 酒 (sake, “sake, liquor”, from saka + i).

Compare Ainu カムィ (kamuy, “god”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

神(かみ) • (kami) 

  1. (Shinto) a spirit or an essence present in all things, the main subject of worship of Shinto
  2. (by extension, religion) a deity, god
  3. (by extension) thunder
  4. a Shinto shrine
  5. a person of outstanding talent or skill
  6. (Internet slang, attributive) something amazing; great; fantastic; awesome
    神(かみ)曲(きょく) ― kamikyoku ― amazing song
    神(かみ)ゲー ― kamigē ― amazing game
Quotations[edit]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:神.

Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Descendants[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

神(かみ) • (Kami) 

  1. (Christianity) God
Quotations[edit]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:神.

See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
神
しん
Grade: 3
kan’on
Alternative spelling
神 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 神 (MC ʑiɪn). The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) reading, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.

Compare modern Mandarin 神 (shén).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

神(しん) • (shin) 

  1. (religion) a deity, god, kami
  2. a mysterious or incomprehensible force, compare English act of God
  3. a mind, soul, spirit
  4. Short for 神道 (shintō): Shinto
Derived terms[edit]

Affix[edit]

神(しん) • (shin) 

  1. deity, god, kami
  2. mysterious or incomprehensible force
  3. mind, soul, spirit
  4. Short for 神道 (shintō): Shinto
  5. Short for 神戸 (Kōbe, “Kōbe (a city in Japan)”).
    阪神(はんしん) (hanshin)
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
神
じん
Grade: 3
goon
Alternative spelling
神 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 神 (MC ʑiɪn).

The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) reading, so likely the earlier borrowing from Middle Chinese.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

神(じん) • (jin) 

  1. (rare) Same as しん (shin) above

Affix[edit]

神(じん) • (jin) 

  1. deity, god, kami
  2. mysterious or incomprehensible force
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 4[edit]

Kanji in this term
神
み
Grade: 3
Irregular
Alternative spellings
神 (kyūjitai)
霊

⟨mi1⟩ → */mʲi/ → /mi/

From Old Japanese.

Cognate with 御 (mi-), an honorific prefix originally used to refer to gods and other high-status objects.

Noun[edit]

神(み) • (mi) 

  1. (rare) a god or spirit
Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 神 (MC ʑiɪn). Recorded as Middle Korean 신 (sin) (Yale: sin) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

神 (eumhun 귀신 신 (gwisin sin))

  1. Hanja form? of 신 (“ghost; spirit; phantom; god”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Okinawan[edit]

Kanji[edit]

神

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 神)

Readings[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
神
かみ
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

From Proto-Ryukyuan *kami.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

神 (hiragana かみ, rōmaji kami)

  1. a spirit or an essence present in all things
  2. a god, deity

References[edit]

  1. ^ “カミ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary.

Old Japanese[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Japonic *kamuy.

Can be parsed as a compound of unbound apophonic 神 (kamu) +‎ い (i(2), emphatic nominative particle).

Noun[edit]

神 (kami2) (kana かみ)

  1. a spirit or an essence present in all things
  2. a god, deity
  3. (by extension) an Emperor or Empress regnant of Japan
  4. an evil spirit, such as a snake or wild beast
Quotations[edit]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:神.

Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Descendants[edit]
  • Japanese: 神 (kami)

Etymology 2[edit]

Cognate with 御 (mi1-), an honorific prefix originally used to refer to gods and other high-status objects.

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

神 (mi1) (kana み)

  1. (rare) a god or spirit
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

神: Hán Việt readings: thần[1][2][3]
神: Nôm readings: thần[1][2], thằn[1], thườn[3]

  1. chữ Hán form of thần (“deity”).

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
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