神

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神 U+795E, 神
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-795E
← 祝
[U+795D]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 祟 →
[U+795F]
神 U+FA19, 神
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA19
← 礼
[U+FA18]		 CJK Compatibility Ideographs 祥 →
[U+FA1A]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

神 (radical 113 示+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈火中田中 (IFLWL), four-corner 35206, composition ⿰礻申(GHTJV) or ⿰示申(K))

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 842, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24673
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1261, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2392, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+795E

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 神
Wikipedia has an article on:
• 神
Wikipedia

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (申) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
電 *l'iːns
胂 *l̥ʰin, *hlin
申 *hlin
伸 *hlin
呻 *hlin
紳 *hlin
眒 *hlin, *hlins
柛 *hlin
訷 *hlin
抻 *hlins
神 *hlin
朄 *lins

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hlin): semantic 示 (“god; deity”) + phonetic 申 (OC *hlin, “lightning”).

Originally 申 in the oracle bone script and in some bronze inscriptions. The ancients feared the unpredictable lightning and considered it to be divine or of divine origin. 示 was added for specialization.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 神
Mandarin Beijing /ʂən³⁵/
Harbin /ʂən²⁴/
Tianjin /ʂən⁴⁵/
/sən⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʂẽ⁴²/
Qingdao /ʃə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂən⁴²/
Xi'an /ʂẽ²⁴/
Xining /ʂə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂəŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʂə̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /sən²¹³/
Chengdu /sən³¹/
Guiyang /sen²¹/
Kunming /ʂə̃³¹/
Nanjing /ʂən²⁴/
Hefei /ʂən⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /səŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ʂəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /sə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zəŋ²³/
Suzhou /zən¹³/
Hangzhou /zen²¹³/
Wenzhou /zaŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /ɕiʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ɕian⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ʂən¹³/
Xiangtan /ʂən¹²/
Gan Nanchang /sɨn⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /sən¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʃen¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐn²¹/
Nanning /sɐn²¹/
Hong Kong /sɐn²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sin³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /siŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /seiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /siŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /tin³¹/
Rime
Character 神
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 船 (27)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 食鄰切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʑiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʑin/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʑjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʑin/
Li
Rong		 /d͡ʑiĕn/
Wang
Li		 /d͡ʑĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /d͡ʑʰi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shén
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 神
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shén
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ zyin ›
Old
Chinese		 /*Cə.li[n]/
English spirit

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 神
Reading # 1/1
No. 11245
Phonetic
component		 申
Rime
group		 眞
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 神
Old
Chinese		 /*hlin/

Definitions[edit]

神

  1. (religion) god; deity; spirit
  2. spirit; soul; mind
  3. expression; countenance; appearance
  4. supernatural; magic; psychic
  5. A surname​. Shen

Usage notes[edit]

Different branches of Christianity use different terms for God:

  • 神 and 上帝 (Shàngdì) are used by Protestants.
  • 天主 (Tiānzhǔ) is used by Roman Catholics.

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 神

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

神

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
神
かみ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

/kami2/ *[kamɨ] → /kami/ [kami] invalid IPA characters (/2/*[]→//[])

From Old Japanese. Not related to 上 (/kami1/ invalid IPA characters (1), “up”) or 髪 (/kami1/ invalid IPA characters (1), “hair”). Often appears in compounds as /kamu/ (modern /kaɴ/), indicating that /kami/ is a bound or fused form deriving from */kamu.i/. Note that this final i may be the Old Japanese emphatic nominative particle い (i), likely cognate with Korean nominative particle 이 (i). Such fusion has occurred in other Japanese terms, such as 目 (me, “eye”, from ma + i) or 酒 (sake, “saké, liquor”, from saka + i).

Compare Ainu カムイ (kamuy, “god”), also present in compounds like カムイモシㇼ (kamuy mosir, “land of the gods”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

神 (hiragana かみ, rōmaji kami)

  1. (Shinto, Japanese religion) a spirit or an essence present in all things, the main subject of worship of Shinto
  2. (by extension) a deity; a god
    • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 85)
      Cami. カミ (神) 日本のゼンチヨ (gentios 異教徒)が尊崇する神(Cami).
    • 2004 April 7, Ohba, Tsugumi; Obata, Takeshi, “ｐａｇｅ．１　退たい屈くつ [page.1 Boredom]”, in DEATH NOTEデスノート [DEATH NOTE], volume 1 (fiction, in Japanese), Tokyo: Shueisha, ISBN 4-08-873621-4, pages 48–49:
      そして僕 (　ぼく)は新 (　しん)世 (せ)界 (かい)の神 (かみ)となる
      Soshite boku wa shinsekai no kami tonaru
      And then I will become the god of this new world
    • 2016 July 22, “エムラクールの手て [Hand of Emrakul]”, in 異界月 [Eldritch Moon] (in Japanese), Wizards of the Coast:
      「私 (わたし)は美 (うつく)しき神 (かみ)を信 (しん)じていました。しかし、これが神 (かみ)の真 (しん)の顔 (かお)です。」
      “Watashi wa utsukushiki kami o shinjitei mashita. Shikashi, kore ga kami no shin no kao desu.”
      “I believed in a beautiful god. But this is the true face of the divine.”
  3. thunder

Proper noun[edit]

神 (hiragana かみ, rōmaji Kami)

  1. (Christianity) God
    • 1999 September 16, Katou, Motohiro, “ヤコブの階たい段だん [Jacob’s Stairway]”, in Ｑ.Ｅ.Ｄ. 証しょう明めい終しゅう了りょう [Q.E.D. Quod Erat Demonstrandum], volume 4 (fiction, in Japanese), Tokyo: Kodansha, ISBN 4-06-333696-4, page 184:
      ヤコブは神 (かみ)の言 (こと)葉 (ば)を受 (う)け「約 (やく)束 (そく)の地 (ち)」を探 (さが)して旅 (たび)立 (だ)った　自 (じ)分 (ぶん)達 (たち)を　繁 (はん)栄 (えい)させる土 (と)地 (ち)を‥‥
      Yakobu wa Kami no kotoba o uke “Yakusoku no Chi” o sagashite tabidatta jibuntachi o han'ei saseru tochi o‥‥
      Jacob took God’s word and set out in search of the “Promised Land”, of themselves, of fertile soil‥‥
    • 2003 March 19, Hotta, Yumi; Obata, Takeshi, “第だい129局きょく　もどって来こい！ [Game 129: Come Back!]”, in ヒカルの碁 [Hikaru’s Go], volume 15 (fiction, in Japanese), 6th edition, Tokyo: Shueisha, ISBN 4-08-873215-4, pages 78–79:
      オレなんかいらねェ！もう打 (う)ちたいって言 (い)わねェよ！だから　神 (かみ)さま！お願 (ねが)いだ！はじめにもどして！アイツを会 (あ)った一 (いち)番 (ばん)はじめに時 (じ)間 (かん)をもどして‼
      Ore nan ka ira nē! Mō uchitaitte iwa nē yo! Dakara Kami-sama! Onegai da! Hajime ni modoshite! Aitsu o atta ichiban hajime ni jikan o modoshite‼
      I don’t need anything! I won’t ask to play any more! So, God! I’m begging you! Return things back to the beginning! Turn time back to when I first met him, please‼
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
神
み
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Cognate with 御 (mi, honorific prefix, originally used to refer to gods and other high-status things).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

神 (hiragana み, rōmaji mi)

  1. a god
  2. a spirit
Alternative forms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

References[edit]

  1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

神 • (sin) (hangeul 신)

Noun[edit]

神 • (sin) (hangeul 신)

  1. Hanja form? of 신, “god”.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

神 (thần, thườn)

  1. Hán tự form of thần, “god”
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