神

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神 U+795E, 神
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-795E
← 祝
[U+795D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 祟 →
[U+795F]

神 U+FA19, 神
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA19
← 礼
[U+FA18] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 祥 →
[U+FA1A]

Translingual

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Stroke order (Mainland China)
9 strokes

Han character

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神 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+5, 10 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 9 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 戈火中田中 (IFLWL), four-corner 35206, composition ⿰礻申(GHTJV) or ⿰示申(K or U+FA19))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 842, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24673
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1261, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2392, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+795E

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 神
alternative forms 𥙍
𥛠
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 神
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (申) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
電 *l'iːns
胂 *l̥ʰin, *hlin
申 *hlin
伸 *hlin
呻 *hlin
紳 *hlin
眒 *hlin, *hlins
柛 *hlin
訷 *hlin
抻 *hlins
神 *hlin
朄 *lins

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hlin) : semantic 示 (“god; deity”) + phonetic 申 (OC *hlin, “lightning”).

Originally 申 in the oracle bone script and in some bronze inscriptions. The ancients feared the unpredictable lightning and considered it to be divine or of divine origin. 示 was added for specialization.

Etymology 1

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Possibly Sino-Tibetan; compare Chepang ग्‍लीङ्‌ह (gliŋh, “spirit, mind, soul”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Note: sêng5 - Jieyang.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 神
Mandarin Beijing /ʂən³⁵/
Harbin /ʂən²⁴/
Tianjin /ʂən⁴⁵/
/sən⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʂẽ⁴²/
Qingdao /ʃə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂən⁴²/
Xi'an /ʂẽ²⁴/
Xining /ʂə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂəŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʂə̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /sən²¹³/
Chengdu /sən³¹/
Guiyang /sen²¹/
Kunming /ʂə̃³¹/
Nanjing /ʂən²⁴/
Hefei /ʂən⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /səŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ʂəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /sə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zəŋ²³/
Suzhou /zən¹³/
Hangzhou /zen²¹³/
Wenzhou /zaŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /ɕiʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ɕian⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ʂən¹³/
Xiangtan /ʂən¹²/
Gan Nanchang /sɨn⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /sən¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʃen¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐn²¹/
Nanning /sɐn²¹/
Hong Kong /sɐn²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sin³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /siŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /seiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /siŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /tin³¹/
Rime
Character 神
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 船 (27)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 食鄰切
Baxter zyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʑiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʑin/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʑjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʑin/
Li
Rong 		/d͡ʑiĕn/
Wang
Li 		/d͡ʑĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/d͡ʑʰi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shén
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		san4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 神
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shén
Middle
Chinese 		‹ zyin ›
Old
Chinese 		/*Cə.li[n]/
English spirit

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 神
Reading # 1/1
No. 11245
Phonetic
component 		申
Rime
group 		眞
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		神
Old
Chinese 		/*hlin/

Definitions

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神

  1. (religion) god; deity; spirit
    神位  ―  shénwèi  ―  spirit tablet
    財神／财神  ―  cáishén  ―  god of wealth
    死神  ―  sǐshén  ―  god of death
    守護神／守护神  ―  shǒuhùshén  ―  tutelary deity
    無神論／无神论  ―  wúshénlùn  ―  atheism
    一神教  ―  yīshénjiào  ―  monotheism
    1. (Protestantism, specifically) God
  2. spirit; soul; mind
  3. expression; countenance; appearance
  4. supernatural; magic; psychic
  5. extraordinary; unbelievable; sublime
  6. a surname. Shen
  7. (neologism, Internet slang) Sinophobe of Chinese nationality
Synonyms
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  • (god):
Terms for God in different branches of Christianity
Branch Words
Protestant 上帝, 神, 真神
Roman Catholic 天主, 僚氏 Hokkien, historical
Eastern Orthodox 上帝

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (神):
  • → Japanese: 神(しん) (shin)
  • → Korean: 신(神) (sin)
  • → Vietnamese: thần (神)

Others:

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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神

  1. Only used in 神荼 (Shēnshū).

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 神
Kyūjitai
[1]
神
&#xFA19;
or
神+&#xFE00;?
神󠄀
神+&#xE0100;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
神󠄃
神+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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神

(Third grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 神)

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
神
かみ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
神 (kyūjitai)
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

⟨kami2⟩ → */kamɨ/ → /kami/

From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kamui.

Not related to 上 (kami1 → kami, “top, upper”) or 髪 (kami, “hair”).

Often appears in compounds as kamu- or kan-, indicating that kami is an unbound form deriving from */kamui/. Such apophony has occurred in other Japanese terms, such as 目 (me, ma-, “eye”) or 酒 (sake, saka-, “sake, liquor”). See also WT:AJPX#Standalone forms and combining forms.

Compare Korean 검 (geom, “god, spirit”) and Ainu カムイ (kamuy, “god”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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神(かみ) • (kami) 

  1. (Shinto) a spirit or an essence present in all things, the main subject of worship of Shinto
  2. (by extension, religion) a deity, god
  3. (by extension) thunder
  4. a Shinto shrine
  5. a person of outstanding talent or skill
  6. (Internet slang, attributive) something amazing; great; fantastic; awesome
    神(かみ)曲(きょく) ― kamikyoku ― amazing song
    神(かみ)ゲー ― kamigē ― amazing game
Quotations
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For quotations using this term, see Citations:神.

Derived terms
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Derived terms
Descendants
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Proper noun

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神(かみ) • (Kami) 

  1. (Christianity) God
Quotations
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For quotations using this term, see Citations:神.

See also
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
神
しん
Grade: 3
kan'on
Alternative spelling
神 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 神 (MC zyin). Compare modern Mandarin 神 (shén).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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神(しん) • (shin) 

  1. (religion) a deity, god, kami
  2. a mysterious or incomprehensible force, compare English act of God
  3. a mind, soul, spirit
  4. Short for 神道 (shintō): Shinto
Derived terms
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Affix

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神(しん) • (shin) 

  1. deity, god, kami
  2. mysterious or incomprehensible force
  3. mind, soul, spirit
  4. Short for 神道 (shintō): Shinto
  5. Short for 神戸 (Kōbe, “Kōbe (a city in Japan)”).
    阪神(はんしん) (hanshin)
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
神
じん
Grade: 3
goon
Alternative spelling
神 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 神 (MC zyin).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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神(じん) • (jin) 

  1. (rare) Same as しん (shin) above

Affix

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神(じん) • (jin) 

  1. deity, god, kami
  2. mysterious or incomprehensible force
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
神
み
Grade: 3
irregular
Alternative spellings
神 (kyūjitai)
霊

⟨mi1⟩ → */mʲi/ → /mi/

From Old Japanese.

Cognate with 御 (mi-), an honorific prefix originally used to refer to gods and other high-status objects.

Noun

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神(み) • (mi) 

  1. (rare) a god or spirit
Derived terms
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References

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  1. ^ “神”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 神 (MC zyin). Recorded as Middle Korean 신 (sin) (Yale: sin) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

神 (eumhun 귀신 신 (gwisin sin))

  1. hanja form? of 신 (“ghost; spirit; phantom; god”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Okinawan

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Kanji

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神

(Third grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 神)

Readings

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
神
かみ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
神 (kyūjitai)

From Proto-Ryukyuan *kami.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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神(かみ) (kami) 

  1. a spirit or an essence present in all things
  2. a god, deity

References

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Old Japanese

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Japonic *kamuy.

Can be parsed as a compound of bound apophonic 神 (kamu) +‎ い (i, emphatic nominative particle).

Noun

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神 (kami2) (kana かみ)

  1. a spirit or an essence present in all things
  2. a god, deity
  3. (by extension) an Emperor or Empress regnant of Japan
  4. an evil spirit, such as a snake or wild beast
Quotations
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For quotations using this term, see Citations:神.

Derived terms
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Derived terms
Descendants
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  • Japanese: 神 (kami)

Etymology 2

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Cognate with 御 (mi1-), an honorific prefix originally used to refer to gods and other high-status objects.

Alternative forms

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Noun

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神 (mi1) (kana み)

  1. (rare) a god or spirit
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Vietnamese

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Chữ Hán

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神: Hán Việt readings: thần[1][2][3]
神: Nôm readings: thần[1][2], thằn[1], thườn[3]

Noun

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神 • (thần)

  1. chữ Hán form of thần.
    1. deity
    2. heavenly beings
    3. mind; spirit; look; expression; mien

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
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