酒

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酒 U+9152, 酒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9152
← 酑
[U+9151]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 酓 →
[U+9153]
See also: 洒

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
10 strokes

Han character[edit]

酒 (radical 164 酉+3, 10 strokes, cangjie input 水一金田 (EMCW), four-corner 31160, composition ⿰氵酉)

  1. wine, spirits, liquor, alcoholic beverage

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1281, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39776
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1779, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3574, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+9152

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 酒
alt. forms 氿

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (酉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
楢 *kʰjuʔ, *lu
逎 *ʔslu
遒 *sklu, *sɡlu
蝤 *sklu, *sɡlu
揂 *sklu
酒 *ʔsluʔ
媨 *sklus
鞧 *skʰlu
緧 *skʰlu
趥 *skʰlu, *skʰluŋs
酋 *sɡlu
崷 *sɡlu
鰌 *sɡlu
煪 *sɡlu
醜 *l̥ʰjuʔ
猶 *klus, *lu, *lus
猷 *lu
輶 *lu, *luʔ, *lus
偤 *lu
莤 *lu, *sruɡ
蕕 *lu
庮 *lu, *luʔ
槱 *luʔ, *lus
梄 *luʔ
丣 *luʔ
酉 *luʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsluʔ): semantic 氵 (“water, liquid”) + phonetic 酉 (OC *luʔ, “a wine vessel”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 酒
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 子酉切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡sɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡siuX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡siəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡suwX/
Li
Rong		 /t͡siuX/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sĭəuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡si̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jiǔ
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 酒
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jiǔ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsjuwX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*tsuʔ/
English wine

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 酒
Reading # 1/1
No. 15554
Phonetic
component		 酉
Rime
group		 幽
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 酒
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔsluʔ/

Definitions[edit]

酒

  1. alcoholic beverages in general; alcoholic drink
    你幹嗎不喝點酒？ / 你干吗不喝点酒？  ―  Nǐ gànmá bù hē diǎn jiǔ?  ―  Why don't you have a drink (of alcohol)?
  2. A surname​.

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 酒

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

酒

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. rice wine
  2. alcohol

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Originally /ki1/. Likely realized as [ki] (see Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai).

Noun[edit]

酒 (hiragana き, rōmaji ki)

  1. sake
    • 720: Nihon Shoki, volume 32 (Kodai Kayōshū, page 61)
      許能美岐波和賀美岐那良受久志能加美登許余迩伊麻須伊波多多須須久那美迦微能加牟菩岐本岐玖流本斯登余本岐本岐母登本斯麻都理許斯美岐叙阿佐受袁勢佐佐

Etymology 2[edit]

Cognate with obsolete 奇し (kushi, “strange, wondrous, miraculous”), which is also the root for 薬 (kusuri, “medicine”).[1][2]

Noun[edit]

酒 (hiragana くし, rōmaji kushi)

  1. sake, rice wine
    • 720: Nihon Shoki, volume 32 (Kodai Kayōshū, page 61)
      許能美岐波和賀美岐那良受久志能加美登許余迩伊麻須伊波多多須須久那美迦微能加牟菩岐本岐玖流本斯登余本岐本岐母登本斯麻都理許斯美岐叙阿佐受袁勢佐佐
Derived terms[edit]
  • 笑酒, 咲酒 (egushi): rice wine or other alcohol that makes one smile and become happy

Etymology 3[edit]

/sake2/ invalid IPA characters (2) → [sakəj] → [sake]

Various theories exist. Possible connection with 栄え (sakae), the stem of verb 栄える (sakaeru, “to thrive, to flourish”).[2][3]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

酒 (hiragana さけ, rōmaji sake)

  1. alcohol beverage (e.g., wine, whisky, or sake)
  2. sake, saké, Japanese rice wine
Derived terms[edit]
  • お酒 (osake): Japanese rice wine

Etymology 4[edit]

Bound form of /sake/ above, only used as a prefix before other nouns. In older forms of Japanese, could also be used to prefix verbs.[1][6]

Prefix[edit]

酒 (hiragana さか, rōmaji saka-)

  1. alcohol
  2. sake, saké, Japanese rice wine

Etymology 5[edit]

Originally a 女房詞 (nyōbō kotoba, “women's word”). Possibly derived from reduplication of the first syllable sa from sake. Alternately, may be derived by metaphor from the Chinese-derived euphemism for sake, 竹葉 (chikuyō, literally, "bamboo leaves"), as 笹 (sasa) refers to a type of short, leafy bamboo.[7]

Noun[edit]

酒 (hiragana ささ, rōmaji sasa)

  1. alcohol
  2. sake, saké, Japanese rice wine

See also[edit]

See also

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kokugo Dai Jiten Dictionary (in Japanese), Revised edition edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 1988: “（「奇（く）し」で、霊妙なものの意からか）酒の異称”
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 “酒”, in (Please provide the title of the work)[1] (in Japanese), Lookvise, Inc., 2003, retrieved 2012-06-07
  3. ^ Sugama, Seinosuke (1988) Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, "酒" article[2] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Heibonsha
  4. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  5. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
  6. ^ Akira Matsumura, editor (1998) Digital Daijirin[3] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Shogakukan, ISBN 4095012129
  7. ^ Akira Matsumura, editor (2006) Daijirin[4] (in Japanese), 3rd edition edition, Tokyo: Sanseido, ISBN 4-385-13905-9

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

酒 • (ju) (hangeul 주, McCune-Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)

  1. wine, spirits, liquor, alcoholic beverage

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

酒 (tửu, rượu, giậu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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