佛

佛	U+4F5B, 佛 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F5B

See also: 仏 and 彿

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

佛 (radical 9 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人中中弓 (OLLN), four-corner 2522₇, composition ⿰亻弗)

References[edit]

KangXi: page 99, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 517
Dae Jaweon: page 208, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 140, character 3
Unihan data for U+4F5B

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.		佛
alt. forms		仏㚕仸𠑵𠇛仏㚕仸𠑵𠇛𡗻𡘉𦤲

Wikipedia has an article on:

• 佛

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 佛

**Large seal script**
L26012	L26013

**Small seal script**
s05732

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (large seal) and
Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (弗) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
鄪	*prɯds
費	prɯds, pʰɯds, *bɯds
砩	*pads
沸	*pɯds
疿	*pɯds
茀	pɯds, pʰɯd
髴	pʰɯds, pɯd, *pʰɯd
昲	*pʰɯds
靅	*pʰɯds
狒	*buds
怫	bɯds, bɯd
胇	*brɯd
艴	bɯːd, pʰɯd
弗	*pɯd
紼	*pɯd
柫	*pɯd
笰	*pɯd
拂	*pʰɯd
刜	pʰɯd, bɯd
彿	*pʰɯd
佛	*bɯd
坲	*bɯd
咈	*bɯd
炥	*bɯd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *bɯd): semantic 亻 + phonetic 弗 (OC *pɯd).

Etymology 1[edit]

Abbreviation of 佛陀 (MC bɨut̚ dɑ), from Pali buddha or Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddha, “awakened; enlightened”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin

(Pinyin): fó (fo²)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fat⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fu̍t
Min Dong (BUC): hŭk
Min Nan (POJ): pu̍t / hu̍t
Wu (Wiktionary): veq (T5); feq (T4)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
  - Pinyin: fó
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄛˊ
  - Wade-Giles: fo²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: for
  - IPA ^(key): /fu̯ɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: fat⁶
  - Yale: faht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fat⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: fed⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /fɐt̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fu̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: fud
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fud⁶
  - IPA: /fut̚⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hŭk
  - IPA ^(key): /huʔ⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pu̍t
  - Tâi-lô: pu̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: put
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /put̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /put̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /put̚⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /put̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hu̍t
  - Tâi-lô: hu̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hut
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hut̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hut̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hut̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hut̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hut̚⁴/

Note:

pu̍t - vernacular;
hu̍t - literary.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: veq (T5); feq (T4)
  - IPA ^(key): /v̻əʔ¹²/, /fəʔ⁵⁵/

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 佛
Mandarin	Beijing	/fo³⁵/
	Harbin	/fɤ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/fo⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/fə⁴²/
	Qingdao	/fu⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/fu⁴²/
	Xi'an	/fo²⁴/
	Xining	/fɔ²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/fu¹³/ /fuə⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/fə⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/fɤ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/fu²¹³/
	Chengdu	/fu³¹/ /fəu³¹/
	Guiyang	/fu²¹/
	Kunming	/fu³¹/
	Nanjing	/fuʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/fəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/fəʔ⁵⁴/
	Pingyao	/xuʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/fɤ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/vəʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/vəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/vəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/vai²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/fu²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/fə¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/fu²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɸu⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/fɨʔ²/
Hakka	Meixian	/fut̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/fut̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/fɐt̚²/
	Nanning	/fɐt̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/fɐt̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hut̚⁵/ /put̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/huʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xo⁴⁴/ /xu²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/huk̚⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ʔbut̚³/

Middle Chinese: /bɨut̚/▼

Rime
Character	佛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	物 (60)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	符弗切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨut̚/
Pan Wuyun	/biut̚/
Shao Rongfen	/biuət̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/but̚/
Li Rong	/biuət̚/
Wang Li	/bĭuət̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯uət̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fú

Old Chinese▼

(Baxter-Sagart): /*[b][u]t/

(Zhengzhang): /*bɯd/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	佛
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fú
Middle Chinese	‹ bjut ›
Old Chinese	/*[b][u]t/
English	great
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	佛
Reading #	1/1
No.	3324
Phonetic component	弗
Rime group	物
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	佛
Old Chinese	/*bɯd/

Definitions[edit]

佛

(Buddhism) Buddha

佛陀 ― fótuó ― Buddha

佛教 ― fójiào ― Buddhism
(Buddhism) statue of Buddha
(by extension) Buddhist scriptures
(by extension) Buddhism; Buddhist doctrines

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (佛):

Japanese: 佛 (ふつ) (futsu); 佛 (ぶつ) (butsu)
Korean: 불 (佛, bul)
Vietnamese: phật (佛), Phật (佛)

Others:

→ Manchu: ᡶᡠᠴᡳᡥᡳ (fucihi)
→ Mongolian: ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ (burqan) / бурхан (burhan)
→ Vietnamese: Bụt (“a wise and kind old man in folklore”)
→ Zhuang: baed

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 佛

Etymology 2[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 佛 – see 彿. (This character, 佛, is the simplified form of 彿.)
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan.

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin

(Pinyin): fú, fó

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ, ㄈㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fat¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Pinyin: fú
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ
  - Wade-Giles: fu²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwu
  - IPA ^(key): /fu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Pinyin: fó
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄛˊ
  - Wade-Giles: fo²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: for
  - IPA ^(key): /fu̯ɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: fat¹
  - Yale: fāt
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fat⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: fed¹
  - IPA ^(key): /fɐt̚⁵/

Definitions[edit]

佛

^† Alternative form of 拂 (fú, “to go against; to be contrary to”).

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 佛

佛戾

Etymology 4[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin

(Pinyin): bì (bi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bat⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
  - Pinyin: bì
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ
  - Wade-Giles: pih⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bih
  - IPA ^(key): /pi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: bat⁶
  - Yale: baht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bat⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: bed⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /pɐt̚²/

Definitions[edit]

佛

^† Alternative form of 弼 (bì, “to assist”).
A surname.

Etymology 5[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin

(Pinyin): bó (bo²)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): but⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
  - Pinyin: bó
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
  - Wade-Giles: po²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
  - IPA ^(key): /pu̯ɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: but⁶
  - Yale: buht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: but⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: bud⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /puːt̚²/

Definitions[edit]

佛

^† Alternative form of 勃 (bó, “prosperous; thriving”).

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Goon: ぶつ (butsu)
Kan’on: ふつ (futsu)
Kun: ほとけ (hotoke, 佛)
Nanori: さらぎ (saragi)

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

佛 • (bul, pil) (hangeul 불, 필, McCune-Reischauer pul, p'il)

Buddha

Compounds[edit]

佛敎 (불교, bulgyo, "Buddhism")

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

佛 (phật, phất)

Buddha

References[edit]

Nom Foundation

佛

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 4[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Etymology 5[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

References[edit]

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