佛
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]佛 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人中中弓 (OLLN), four-corner 25227, composition ⿰亻弗)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 99, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 517
- Dae Jaweon: page 208, character 11
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 140, character 3
- Unihan data for U+4F5B
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
佛 | |
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alternative forms |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 佛 | |
---|---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *bɯd) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 弗 (OC *pɯd).
Etymology 1
[edit]Ji (1998v7) considers it likely borrowed from Iranian (compare Sogdian 𐼾𐼴𐽂𐼷 (pwty), 𐫁𐫇𐫤𐫏 (bwty /Pute, Bute, βute/), Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwt'), 𐫁𐫇𐫤 (bwt /But/), Parthian 𐫁𐫇𐫎 (bwṯ /But, Butt/)), ultimately from Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddha, “awakened, enlightened”, past passive participle), whence also 佛陀 (MC bjut da), but the Chinese morpheme 佛 is not a direct contraction or clipping of the latter.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fu2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фә (fə, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): fiit7 / fiit6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): feh5
- Northern Min (KCR): hō
- Eastern Min (BUC): hŭk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8veq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fu6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄛˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fó
- Wade–Giles: fo2
- Yale: fwó
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: for
- Palladius: фо (fo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fu̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: fu2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fu
- Sinological IPA (key): /fu²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фә (fə, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fə²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fat6
- Yale: faht
- Cantonese Pinyin: fat9
- Guangdong Romanization: fed6
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɐt̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: fut5
- Sinological IPA (key): /fut̚³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: fiit7 / fiit6
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɨt̚²/, /fɨt̚⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fu̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: fud
- Hagfa Pinyim: fud6
- Sinological IPA: /fut̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: feh5
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /fəʔ⁵⁴/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hō
- Sinological IPA (key): /xo⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hŭk
- Sinological IPA (key): /huʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwan:
- pu̍t - vernacular;
- hu̍t - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 佛 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /fo³⁵/ |
Harbin | /fɤ²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /fo⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /fə⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /fu⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /fu⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /fo²⁴/ | |
Xining | /fɔ²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /fu¹³/ /fuə⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /fə⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /fɤ⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /fu²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /fu³¹/ /fəu³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /fu²¹/ | |
Kunming | /fu³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /fuʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /fəʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /fəʔ⁵⁴/ |
Pingyao | /xuʌʔ⁵³/ | |
Hohhot | /fɤ³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /vəʔ¹/ |
Suzhou | /vəʔ³/ | |
Hangzhou | /vəʔ²/ | |
Wenzhou | /vai²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /fu²²/ |
Tunxi | /fə¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /fu²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /ɸu⁵⁵/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /fɨʔ²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /fut̚⁵/ |
Taoyuan | /fut̚⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /fɐt̚²/ |
Nanning | /fɐt̚²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /fɐt̚²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hut̚⁵/ /put̚⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /huʔ⁵/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xo⁴⁴/ /xu²⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /huk̚⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /ʔbut̚³/ |
- Middle Chinese: bjut
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b][u]t/
- (Zhengzhang): /*bɯd/
Definitions
[edit]佛
- (Buddhism) Buddha; The Enlightened One
- (Buddhism) statue of Buddha
- (by extension) Buddhist scriptures
- (by extension) Buddhism; Buddhist doctrines
Synonyms
[edit]- (Buddha): 佛祖 (fózǔ)
Descendants
[edit]Others:
- → Chadong: fut⁸
- ⇒ Mongolian: ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ (burqan) / бурхан (burxan)
- → Vietnamese: Bụt (“a wise and kind old man in folklore”)
- → Zhuang: baed
Compounds
[edit]- 一佛出世
- 一佛出世,二佛升天
- 一佛出世,二佛涅槃 (yīfóchūshì, èrfónièpán)
- 七佛
- 三世佛
- 三因佛性
- 三階佛法/三阶佛法
- 丹佛 (Dānfó)
- 主佛
- 五方佛 (Wǔfāngfó)
- 五會念佛/五会念佛
- 伊闕佛龕/伊阙佛龛
- 佛七
- 佛事 (fóshì)
- 佛位
- 佞佛
- 作佛事
- 佛來明哥/佛来明哥
- 佛像 (fóxiàng)
- 佛光 (fóguāng)
- 佛具 (fójù)
- 佛典 (fódiǎn)
- 佛剎/佛刹 (fóchà)
- 佛前佛後/佛前佛后
- 佛卡夏 (fókǎxià)
- 佛印
- 佛口蛇心 (fókǒushéxīn)
- 佛因
- 佛國/佛国
- 佛國記/佛国记
- 佛圖/佛图
- 佛圖戶/佛图户
- 佛圖澄/佛图澄
- 佛地
- 佛堂 (fótáng)
- 佛場/佛场
- 佛境 (fójìng)
- 佛天三寶/佛天三宝
- 佛妝/佛妆
- 佛子 (fózǐ)
- 佛學/佛学 (fóxué)
- 佛家 (fójiā)
- 佛寺 (fósì)
- 佛山 (Fóshān)
- 佛心宗
- 佛性 (fóxìng)
- 佛成道日
- 佛戾
- 佛手 (fóshǒu)
- 佛手柑 (fóshǒugān)
- 佛手瓜 (fóshǒuguā)
- 佛指甲
- 佛教 (Fójiào)
- 佛教音樂/佛教音乐
- 佛日
- 佛曲
- 佛書/佛书
- 佛會/佛会
- 佛果 (fóguǒ)
- 佛桑
- 佛母 (fómǔ)
- 佛法 (fófǎ)
- 佛海 (fóhǎi)
- 佛燈/佛灯
- 佛爺/佛爷 (fóyé)
- 佛牙 (fóyá)
- 佛珠 (fózhū)
- 佛生日
- 佛眼
- 佛眼兒/佛眼儿
- 佛眼相看
- 佛祖 (fózǔ)
- 佛科擺/佛科摆
- 佛粥
- 佛經/佛经 (fójīng)
- 佛羅里達/佛罗里达 (Fóluólǐdá)
- 佛老 (fólǎo)
- 佛舍利
- 佛蒙特州
- 佛號/佛号 (fóhào)
- 佛誕日/佛诞日 (Fódànrì)
- 佛誕節/佛诞节
- 佛跳牆/佛跳墙 (fótiàoqiáng)
- 佛道 (fódào)
- 佛郎機/佛郎机 (fólángjī)
- 佛都有火
- 佛門/佛门 (fómén)
- 佛門弟子/佛门弟子
- 佛陀 (Fótuó)
- 佛青
- 佛頭著糞/佛头著粪
- 佛馱/佛驮 (Fótuó)
- 佛體/佛体 (fútǐ)
- 佛龕/佛龛 (fókān)
- 供佛 (gòngfó)
- 借花獻佛/借花献佛 (jièhuāxiànfó)
- 化佛
- 北方佛教
- 千佛塔
- 千佛山
- 千佛洞
- 南無佛/南无佛
- 即心即佛
- 即身成佛
- 原始佛教
- 吃齋唸佛/吃斋念佛
- 呵佛罵祖/呵佛骂祖
- 哈佛 (Hāfó)
- 哈佛大學/哈佛大学
- 大乘佛教 (Dàchéng Fójiào)
- 大佛 (dàfó)
- 孔佛
- 寶生佛/宝生佛 (Bǎoshēng fó)
- 念佛 (niànfó)
- 念佛三昧
- 念米佛
- 念豆兒佛/念豆儿佛
- 成佛 (chéngfó)
- 拜佛 (bàifó)
- 抱佛腳/抱佛脚 (bào fójiǎo)
- 揀佛燒香/拣佛烧香
- 歡喜佛/欢喜佛 (huānxǐfó)
- 毗婆尸佛
- 毗舍婆佛
- 求神拜佛 (qiúshénbàifó)
- 泥多佛大
- 活佛 (huófó)
- 浴佛 (yùfó)
- 浴佛節/浴佛节
- 濟公活佛/济公活佛
- 無量壽佛/无量寿佛
- 生佛萬家/生佛万家
- 番佛
- 白豆兒佛/白豆儿佛
- 萬家生佛/万家生佛
- 稱名念佛/称名念佛
- 立地成佛
- 綸音佛語/纶音佛语
- 繡佛/绣佛
- 老佛爺/老佛爷 (lǎofóyé)
- 著糞佛頭/著粪佛头
- 藥師佛/药师佛 (Yàoshīfó)
- 蛇心佛口
- 西藏佛教
- 西西佛斯
- 見在佛/见在佛
- 見性成佛/见性成佛
- 觀想念佛/观想念佛
- 觀音佛祖/观音佛祖
- 訶佛罵祖/诃佛骂祖
- 辟支佛
- 選佛場/选佛场
- 部派佛教
- 錠光佛/锭光佛
- 長齋繡佛/长斋绣佛
- 闢佛/辟佛
- 阿彌陀佛/阿弥陀佛
Etymology 2
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 佛 – see 彿. (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 彿). |
Notes:
|
Etymology 3
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fú
- Wade–Giles: fu2
- Yale: fú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwu
- Palladius: фу (fu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄛˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fó
- Wade–Giles: fo2
- Yale: fwó
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: for
- Palladius: фо (fo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fu̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fat1
- Yale: fāt
- Cantonese Pinyin: fat7
- Guangdong Romanization: fed1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɐt̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]佛
- † Alternative form of 拂 (fú, “to go against; to be contrary to”)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bì
- Wade–Giles: pi4
- Yale: bì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bih
- Palladius: би (bi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pi⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: bat6
- Yale: baht
- Cantonese Pinyin: bat9
- Guangdong Romanization: bed6
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɐt̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]佛
- † Alternative form of 弼 (bì, “to assist”)
- 佛時仔肩,示我顯德行。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Bì shí zǐjiān, shì wǒ xiǎn déxíng. [Pinyin]
- Assist me to bear the burden [of my position],
And show me how to display a virtuous conduct.
佛时仔肩,示我显德行。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- a surname
Etymology 5
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bó
- Wade–Giles: po2
- Yale: bwó
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
- Palladius: бо (bo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pu̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: but6
- Yale: buht
- Cantonese Pinyin: but9
- Guangdong Romanization: bud6
- Sinological IPA (key): /puːt̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]佛
- † Alternative form of 勃 (bó, “prosperous, thriving”)
Etymology 6
[edit]Dialectal pronunciation of 服 (fú). Popularized by the streamer Sun Xiaochuan.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄛˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fó
- Wade–Giles: fo2
- Yale: fwó
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: for
- Palladius: фо (fo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fu̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
[edit]佛
- (Mainland China, Internet slang) Alternative form of 服 (“You win”)
References
[edit]- “佛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]仏 | |
佛 |
Kanji
[edit](Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 仏)
Readings
[edit]Definitions
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 佛 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 佛, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) |
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 佛 (MC bjut).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 뿌ᇙ〮 (Yale: ppwúlq) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] | 부텨 (Yale: Pwùthyè) | 불〮 (Yale: pwúl) |
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [puɭ]
- Phonetic hangul: [불]
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]Hanja in this term |
---|
佛 |
Usage notes
[edit]A common convention in news headlines, this is almost always written solely in the Hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any Hanja.
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]
Old Japanese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Most likely from Proto-Koreanic *Pwutukye (“Buddha”).
Noun
[edit]佛 (poto₂ke₂) (kana ほとけ)
Descendants
[edit]- Japanese: 仏 (hotoke)
References
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]佛: Hán Việt readings: phật (
佛: Nôm readings: phật[1][2][3][4][6]
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]Zhuang
[edit]Noun
[edit]佛
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