佛

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See also: 仏 and 彿
佛 U+4F5B, 佛
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F5B
← 佚
[U+4F5A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 作 →
[U+4F5C]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
7 strokes

Han character[edit]

佛 (radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人中中弓 (OLLN), four-corner 25227, composition ⿰亻弗)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 99, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 517
  • Dae Jaweon: page 208, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 140, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4F5B

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 佛
alternative forms
 
仏
㚕
仸
𠑵
𠇛
𡗻
𡘉
𦤲
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Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 佛
Small seal script
ACC-s05732.svg

s05732

Transcribed ancient scripts
ACC-L26012.svg

L26012

ACC-L26013.svg

L26013

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (弗) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鄪 *prɯds
費 *prɯds, *pʰɯds, *bɯds
砩 *pads
沸 *pɯds
疿 *pɯds
茀 *pɯds, *pʰɯd
髴 *pʰɯds, *pɯd, *pʰɯd
昲 *pʰɯds
靅 *pʰɯds
狒 *buds
怫 *bɯds, *bɯd
胇 *brɯd
艴 *bɯːd, *pʰɯd
弗 *pɯd
紼 *pɯd
柫 *pɯd
笰 *pɯd
拂 *pʰɯd
刜 *pʰɯd, *bɯd
彿 *pʰɯd
佛 *bɯd
坲 *bɯd
咈 *bɯd
炥 *bɯd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *bɯd): semantic 亻 + phonetic 弗 (OC *pɯd).

Etymology 1[edit]

Abbreviation of 佛陀 (MC bɨut̚ dɑ), from Pali buddha or Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddha, “awakened; enlightened”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: fiit6 - used in some compounds, e.g. 佛手, 佛七.
Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwan:
    • pu̍t - vernacular;
    • hu̍t - literary.
  • (Teochew)
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 佛
    Mandarin Beijing /fo³⁵/
    Harbin /fɤ²⁴/
    Tianjin /fo⁴⁵/
    Jinan /fə⁴²/
    Qingdao /fu⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /fu⁴²/
    Xi'an /fo²⁴/
    Xining /fɔ²⁴/
    Yinchuan /fu¹³/
    /fuə⁵³/
    Lanzhou /fə⁵³/
    Ürümqi /fɤ⁵¹/
    Wuhan /fu²¹³/
    Chengdu /fu³¹/
    /fəu³¹/
    Guiyang /fu²¹/
    Kunming /fu³¹/
    Nanjing /fuʔ⁵/
    Hefei /fəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /fəʔ⁵⁴/
    Pingyao /xuʌʔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /fɤ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /vəʔ¹/
    Suzhou /vəʔ³/
    Hangzhou /vəʔ²/
    Wenzhou /vai²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /fu²²/
    Tunxi /fə¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /fu²⁴/
    Xiangtan /ɸu⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /fɨʔ²/
    Hakka Meixian /fut̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /fut̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /fɐt̚²/
    Nanning /fɐt̚²²/
    Hong Kong /fɐt̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hut̚⁵/
    /put̚⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /huʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xo⁴⁴/
    /xu²⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /huk̚⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /ʔbut̚³/
    Rime
    Character 佛
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 並 (3)
    Final (韻) 物 (60)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 符弗切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/bɨut̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/biut̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/biuət̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/but̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/biuət̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/bĭuət̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/bʱi̯uət̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		fú
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 佛
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		fú
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ bjut ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[b][u]t/
    English great

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 佛
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 3324
    Phonetic
    component         		弗
    Rime
    group         		物
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		佛
    Old
    Chinese         		/*bɯd/

    Definitions[edit]

    Weathered 佛 sticker

    佛

    1. (Buddhism) Buddha
      佛陀  ―  fótuó  ―  Buddha
      佛教  ―  fójiào  ―  Buddhism
    2. (Buddhism) statue of Buddha
    3. (by extension) Buddhist scriptures
    4. (by extension) Buddhism; Buddhist doctrines

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (佛):
    • → Japanese: 仏(ふつ) (futsu); 仏(ぶつ) (butsu)
    • → Korean: 불 (佛, bul)
    • → Vietnamese: phật (佛), Phật (佛)

    Others:

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 佛

    Etymology 2[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 佛 – see 彿 (“resembling, like, as if”).
    (This character, 佛, is the simplified and variant traditional form of 彿.)
    Notes:

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    佛

    1. † Alternative form of 拂 (fú, “to go against; to be contrary to”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 佛

    Etymology 4[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    佛

    1. † Alternative form of 弼 (bì, “to assist”).
    2. A surname​.

    Etymology 5[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    佛

    1. † Alternative form of 勃 (bó, “prosperous; thriving”).

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai

    		仏

    Kyūjitai

    		佛

    Kanji[edit]

    佛

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 仏)

    1. Buddha

    Readings[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    佛 • (bul, pil) (hangeul 불, 필)

    1. Buddha

    Compounds[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    佛: Hán Việt readings: phật (符(phù)勿(vật)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5], phất[3]
    佛: Nôm readings: phật[1][2][3][4][6]

    1. Hán tự form of Phật (“Buddha, the Enlightened One”).
    2. Hán tự form of Phật (“Buddhism”).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).
    5. ^ Génibrel (1898).
    6. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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