服

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服 U+670D, 服
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-670D
← 朌
[U+670C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 朎 →
[U+670E]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character[edit]

服 (Kangxi radical 74, 月+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月尸中水 (BSLE), four-corner 77247, composition ⿰月𠬝)

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 505, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14345
  • Dae Jaweon: page 883, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2053, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+670D

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 服
alternative forms
 
𦨈
𠬝
𣍞
𦨕
𨈞
𦨈
𠬝
𣍞
𦨕
𨈞
𦩟

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 服
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (服) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
菔 *bɯːɡ, *bɯɡ
服 *bɯɡ
鵩 *bɯɡ
箙 *bɯɡ
棴 *bɯɡ, *smoːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯɡ) : semantic 凡 (“tray”) + phonetic 𠬝 (*[b]ək, “to subdue”) – to serve. 凡 here has been corrupted into 舟 and subsequently 月.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • fú - usual pronunciation;
  • fù - only in the sense “dose”.
Note:
  • hŭk - literary;
  • hók - vernacular (“dose”).
Note:
  • “clothes; to serve; to submit; classifier”.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 服
Mandarin Beijing /fu³⁵/
Harbin /fu²⁴/
Tianjin /fu⁴⁵/
Jinan /fu⁴²/
Qingdao /fu⁴²/
Zhengzhou /fu²⁴/
Xi'an /fu²⁴/
Xining /fv̩²⁴/
Yinchuan /fu¹³/
Lanzhou /fu⁵³/
Ürümqi /fu⁵¹/
Wuhan /fu²¹³/
Chengdu /fu³¹/
Guiyang /fu²¹/
Kunming /fu³¹/
Nanjing /fuʔ⁵/
Hefei /fəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /fəʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /xuʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /fəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /voʔ¹/
Suzhou /voʔ³/
Hangzhou /voʔ²/
Wenzhou /fu²¹³/
Hui Shexian /fu²²/
Tunxi /fu¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /fu²⁴/
Xiangtan /ɸu²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /fuʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /fuk̚⁵/
Taoyuan /fuk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /fok̚²/
Nanning /fuk̚²²/
Hong Kong /fuk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hɔk̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /huʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xu⁴⁴/ 舒～
/xu²⁴/ ～從
Shantou (Teochew) /hok̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /fok̚³/
Rime
Character 服
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 東 (4)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 房六切
Baxter bjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/bɨuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/biuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/biuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/buwk̚/
Li
Rong 		/biuk̚/
Wang
Li 		/bĭuk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/bʱi̯uk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fuk6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 服 服 服 服
Reading # 1/4 2/4 3/4 4/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fú fú fú fù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ bjuwk › ‹ bjuwk › ‹ bjuwk › ‹ bjuwX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[b]ək/ /*[b]ək/ /*[b]ək/ /*[b]əʔ/
English quiver (n.) garment; wear (v.) subdue, submit box of a carriage

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 服
Reading # 1/1
No. 3366
Phonetic
component 		服
Rime
group 		職
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		伏
Old
Chinese 		/*bɯɡ/

Definitions[edit]

服

  1. ⁜ clothes; garment; dress
    衣服  ―  yīfú  ―  clothes
    校服  ―  xiàofú  ―  school uniform
  2. mourning dress; mourning apparel
  3. to wear; to put on (clothes)
  4. to take; to eat
    服藥／服药  ―  fúyào  ―  to take medicine
    服用  ―  fúyòng  ―  to take medicine
    服毒  ―  fúdú  ―  to take poison
    每日服三次。  ―  Měirì fú sān cì.  ―  Take it three times a day.
  5. to serve; to be engaged in
    客服  ―  kèfú  ―  customer service
    服兵役  ―  fú bīngyì  ―  to serve in the army
    服刑  ―  fúxíng  ―  to serve a sentence
  6. to submit; to agree; to accept; to obey; to be convinced
    不服  ―  bùfú  ―  to refuse to accept
  7. Used to express defeat even though one is not convinced of the opposing arguments
    服了你了。  ―  Fú le nǐ le.  ―  You win.
    我真係服咗你。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    我真系服咗你。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 zan1 hai6 fuk6 zo2 nei5. [Jyutping]
    Come on, I surrender.
  8. to convince; to persuade
  9. to be accustomed to
  10. (gaming) Short for 伺服器 (sìfúqì); server
  11. (historical) inner pair of horses among the four that pull an imperial carriage
  12. Classifier for doses for TCM regimens.
  13. a surname: Fu

Synonyms[edit]

  • (to obey):

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (服):
  • → Japanese: 服(ふく) (fuku)
  • → Korean: 복(服) (bok)
  • → Vietnamese: phục (服)

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai 服
Kyūjitai
[1]
服󠄁
服+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
服󠄃
服+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji[edit]

服

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. clothing
  2. an amount equal to one swallow (act of swallowing), a gulp
  3. obey

Readings[edit]

From Middle Chinese 服 (MC bjuwk); compare Mandarin 服 (fú, fù):

From Middle Chinese; compare Mandarin 服 (fù):

From native Japanese roots:

Pronunciation[edit]

Counter[edit]

服(ふく) • (-fuku) 

  1. an amount equal to one swallow:
    1. doses of medicine
    2. gulps of tea
    3. puffs of tobacco

Noun[edit]

服(ふく) • (fuku) 

  1. clothes

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Derived terms

Suffix[edit]

服(ふく) • (-fuku) 

  1. clothes

References[edit]

  1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1090 (paper), page 596 (digital)
  2. ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

服 (eumhun 옷 복 (ot bok))

  1. Hanja form? of 복 (“clothes, clothing”).

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

服: Hán Nôm readings: phục[1]

  1. (only in compounds) clothing, clothes
  2. to submit, to serve, to obey
  3. to admire, to esteem

References[edit]

  1. ^ Trần (1999).
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