六

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See also: 大, 穴, and 冘
六 U+516D, 六
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-516D
← 公
[U+516C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 兮 →
[U+516E]
㈥ U+3225, ㈥
PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH SIX
← ㈤
[U+3224] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㈦ →
[U+3226]
㊅ U+3285, ㊅
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH SIX
← ㊄
[U+3284] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㊆ →
[U+3286]
六 U+F9D1, 六
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9D1
← 類
[U+F9D0] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 戮 →
[U+F9D2]
Commons:Category
Commons:Category
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Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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六 (Kangxi radical 12, 八+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 卜金 (YC), four-corner 00800, composition ⿱亠八)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 127, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1453
  • Dae Jaweon: page 280, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 241, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+516D

Chinese

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The number six in Chinese number gestures

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 六
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
j29782
j29783
j29784
j29785
j29786
j29787
j29788
j29789
j29790
j29791
j29792
j29793
j29794
j29795
j29796
j29797
j29798
j29799
j29800
j29801
j29802
j29803
j29804
j29805
j29806
j29807
j29808
j29809
j29810
j29811
b19884
b19885
b19886
b19887
b19888
b19889
b19890
b19891
b19892
b19893
b19894
b19895
b19896
b19897
b19898
b19899
b19900
b19901
b19902
b19903
b19904
b19905
b19906
b19907
b19908
s10921
Transcribed ancient scripts
L37442
L37443
L37444
L25250
L25251
L25252
L25253
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (六) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
六 *ruɡ
圥 *ruɡ

Pictogram (象形) – perhaps a shed. Originally using the similar-sounding word 廬 (OC *ra, “shed, cabin”) to represent the concept “six” (Liu Xinglong). Alternatively, it may be an ancient counting symbol.

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.
 六
alternative forms 陸／陆 financial
𠫪

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-k-ruk (“six”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
Note:
  • lah7 - vernacular;
  • loeh7/lyeh7 - literary.
Note:
  • la̍k - vernacular;
  • lio̍k - literary.
Note: 2lou (Ningbo) - only used in 活逼四六.
Rime
Character 六
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 屋 (4)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力竹切
Baxter ljuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɨuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/liuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/liuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/luwk̚/
Li
Rong 		/liuk̚/
Wang
Li 		/lĭuk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/li̯uk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		luk6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 六
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		liù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ljuwk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*k.ruk/
English six

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 六
Reading # 1/1
No. 8341
Phonetic
component 		六
Rime
group 		覺
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		六
Old
Chinese 		/*ruɡ/

Definitions

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六

  1. six
    六城  ―  liù chéng  ―  Six Cities (a literal translation of Altishahr, an ancient name for the region Xinjiang/East Turkestan)
  2. (printing) small text; The size of type between 小五 (xiǎowǔ, “little 5”) and 小六 (xiǎoliù, “little 6”), standardized as 7½ point.
  3. (dialectal) proficient
  4. (neologism, Internet slang) awesome; excellent; remarkable
  5. a surname. (pronounced Lù)
  6. name of an ancient state (pronounced Lù), also found in placenames (e.g., 六安 (Lù'ān) Lu'an, Anhui, China)

See also

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Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 106 108 1012
Normal
(小寫／小写) 		〇, 零, 空 一, 蜀 二, 兩／两 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万,
十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) 		百萬／百万,
桶(Philippines),
面桶 (Philippines) 		億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫／大写) 		零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (六):
  • → Japanese: 六(ろく) (roku)
  • → Korean: 육/륙(六) (yuk/ryuk)
  • → Vietnamese: lục (六)

Others:

Etymology 2

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 六

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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六

  1. (music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note sol (5).
  2. (music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note sol (5).

Derived terms

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References

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Japanese

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Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  5 6 7  > 
    Cardinal : 六

Kanji

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六

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. six

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
六
む
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

The ablaut form of 三 (mi, “three”), which it doubles. From Old Japanese 六 (mu), from Proto-Japonic *mu.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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六(む) • (mu) 

  1. six
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
六
ろく
Grade: 1
goon
Alternative spelling
陸 ("used, in law, contexts")

From Middle Chinese 六 (MC ljuwk). Compare modern Cantonese reading luk6.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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六(ろく) • (roku) 

  1. six
  2. the sixth hole of a wind instrument
Coordinate terms
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Japanese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Regular 零(れい) (rei)
零(ゼロ) (zero) 		一(いち) (ichi) 二(に) (ni) 三(さん) (san) 四(よん) (yon)
四(し) (shi) 		五(ご) (go) 六(ろく) (roku) 七(なな) (nana)
七(しち) (shichi) 		八(はち) (hachi) 九(きゅう) (kyū)
九(く) (ku) 		十(じゅう) (jū)
Formal 壱(いち) (ichi) 弐(に) (ni) 参(さん) (san) 拾(じゅう) (jū)
90 100 300 600 800 1,000 3,000 8,000 10,000 100,000,000
Regular 九(きゅう)十(じゅう) (kyūjū) 百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
一(いっ)百(ぴゃく) (ippyaku) 		三(さん)百(びゃく) (sanbyaku) 六(ろっ)百(ぴゃく) (roppyaku) 八(はっ)百(ぴゃく) (happyaku) 千(せん) (sen)
一(いっ)千(せん) (issen) 		三(さん)千(ぜん) (sanzen) 八(はっ)千(せん) (hassen) 一(いち)万(まん) (ichiman) 一(いち)億(おく) (ichioku)
Formal 一(いち)萬(まん) (ichiman)
1012 8×1012 1013 1016 6×1016 8×1016 1017 1018
一(いっ)兆(ちょう) (itchō) 八(はっ)兆(ちょう) (hatchō) 十(じゅっ)兆(ちょう) (jutchō) 一(いっ)京(けい) (ikkei) 六(ろっ)京(けい) (rokkei) 八(はっ)京(けい) (hakkei) 十(じゅっ)京(けい) (jukkei) 百(ひゃっ)京(けい) (hyakkei)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Korean numbers (edit)
60
 ←  5 6 7  → 
    Native isol.: 여섯 (yeoseot)
    Native attr.: 여섯 (yeoseot), (archaic) 엿 (yeot)
    Sino-Korean: 육 (yuk), 륙 (ryuk)
    Hanja: 六
    Ordinal: 여섯째 (yeoseotjjae)

Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 六 (MC ljuwk).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 륙〮 (Yale: lyúk)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 여슷〮 (Yale: yèsús) 륙〮 (Yale: lyúk)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

六 (eumhun 여섯 륙 (yeoseot ryuk), word-initial (South Korea) 여섯 육 (yeoseot yuk))

  1. hanja form? of 륙/육 (“six”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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六: Hán Việt readings: lục[1][2][3], lúc (力(lực)竹(trúc)切(thiết))[1]
六: Nôm readings: lúc[1][2][3][4], lục[1][2][3], lóc[1], trọc[1], lộc[3], lụt[3]

  1. Chữ Hán form of lục (“six”).

Derived terms

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Derived terms

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Hồ (1976).
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