陸

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See also: 陆 and 六
陸 U+9678, 陸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9678
← 陷
[U+9677] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 陹 →
[U+9679]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

陸 (radical 170, 阜+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓中土金土 (NLGCG), four-corner 74214, composition ⿰⻖坴)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1355, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41708
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1858, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4134, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+9678

Chinese[edit]

trad. 陸
simp. 陆
alternative forms 𨽐
Wikipedia has an article on:

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 陸
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Shizhoupian script Small seal script
陸-bronze-shang.svg 陸-oracle.svg 陸-bronze.svg 陸-bronze-spring.svg 陸-silk.svg 陸-slip.svg 陸-zhou.svg 陸-seal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (坴) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
睦 *mluɡ
坴 *m·ruɡ
陸 *m·ruɡ
稑 *ruɡ
鵱 *ruɡ
鯥 *ruɡ
淕 *ruɡ
踛 *ruɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *m·ruɡ): semantic ⻖ + phonetic 坴 (OC *m·ruɡ).

Etymology 1[edit]

Perhaps related to Proto-Wa (*[ʔ]rok, "dry land") (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • lêg8 - vernacular;
  • log8 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 陸
    Mandarin Beijing /lu⁵¹/
    Harbin /lu⁵³/
    Tianjin /lu⁵³/
    Jinan /lu²¹/
    Qingdao /lu⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /lu²⁴/
    Xi'an /lu²¹/
    Xining /lv̩⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /lu¹³/
    Lanzhou /lu¹³/
    Ürümqi /lu²¹³/
    Wuhan /nəu²¹³/
    Chengdu /nu³¹/
    Guiyang /nu²¹/
    Kunming /lu³¹/
    Nanjing /luʔ⁵/
    Hefei /luəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /luəʔ²/
    Pingyao /luʌʔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /luəʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /loʔ¹/
    Suzhou /loʔ³/
    Hangzhou /loʔ²/
    Wenzhou /lɤu²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /lo²²/
    Tunxi /ləu¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ləu²⁴/
    Xiangtan /nəɯ²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /luʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /liuk̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /liuk̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /lok̚²/
    Nanning /luk̚²²/
    Hong Kong /luk̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /liɔk̚⁵/
    /lak̚⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /løyʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ly⁴²/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /lek̚⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /lok̚⁵/ ～地
    /lok̚³/ ～續
    Rime
    Character 陸
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 來 (37)
    Final (韻) 屋 (4)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 力竹切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/lɨuk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/liuk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/liuk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/luwk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/liuk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/lĭuk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/li̯uk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		lǜ
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		luk6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 陸
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		lù
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ljuwk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[r]uk/
    English land (as opposed to water)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 陸
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 8533
    Phonetic
    component         		坴
    Rime
    group         		覺
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		六
    Old
    Chinese         		/*m·ruɡ/

    Definitions[edit]

    陸

    1. land; continent; mainland
    2. Short for 中國大陸／中国大陆 (Zhōngguó dàlù, “mainland China”).
      陸生 / 陆生  ―  lùshēng  ―  student from mainland China studying in Taiwan
    3. Short for 陸軍／陆军 (lùjūn, “army”).
    4. A surname​.
      陸游 / 陆游  ―  Lù Yóu  ―  Lu You (Southern Song dynasty poet)

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 陸

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Note:
    • la̍k - vernacular;
    • lio̍k - literary.
  • Wu

    • Definitions[edit]

    陸

    1. (financial) Alternative form of 六 (liù, “six”).

    See also[edit]

    Chinese numbers
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
    Normal
    (小寫／小写)     		〇 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万
    十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)     		億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
    萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
    Financial
    (大寫／大写)     		零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    陸

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. land
    2. six (financial form)

    Readings[edit]

    Synonyms[edit]

    References[edit]

    • New Nelson: 6461
    • Halpern: 543
    • Halpern Learners: 399
    • Heisig: 1513
    • Tuttle Kanji Dictionary: 2d8.4t
    1. Source: EDICT and KANJIDIC files licensed by the Electronic Dictionaries Research Group.

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    陸
    Grade: 4
    on’yomi
    Alternative spelling
    碌

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “ateji?”)

    Adjectival noun[edit]

    陸(ろく) • (roku) -na (adnominal 陸(ろく)な (roku na), adverbial 陸(ろく)に (roku ni))

    1. satisfactory
    Inflection[edit]
    Inflection of 陸
    Stem forms
    Imperfective (未然形) 陸だろ ろくだろ roku daro
    Continuative (連用形) 陸で ろくで roku de
    Terminal (終止形) 陸だ ろくだ roku da
    Attributive (連体形) 陸な ろくな roku na
    Hypothetical (仮定形) 陸なら ろくなら roku nara
    Imperative (命令形) 陸であれ ろくであれ roku de are
    Key constructions
    Informal negative 陸ではない
    陸じゃない         		ろくではない
    ろくじゃない         		roku de wa nai
    roku ja nai
    Informal past 陸だった ろくだった roku datta
    Informal negative past 陸ではなかった
    陸じゃなかった         		ろくではなかった
    ろくじゃなかった         		roku de wa nakatta
    roku ja nakatta
    Formal 陸です ろくです roku desu
    Formal negative 陸ではありません
    陸じゃありません         		ろくではありません
    ろくじゃありません         		roku de wa arimasen
    roku ja arimasen
    Formal past 陸でした ろくでした roku deshita
    Formal negative past 陸ではありませんでした
    陸じゃありませんでした         		ろくではありませんでした
    ろくじゃありませんでした         		roku de wa arimasen deshita
    roku ja arimasen deshita
    Conjunctive 陸で ろくで roku de
    Conditional 陸なら（ば） ろくなら（ば） roku nara (ba)
    Provisional 陸だったら ろくだったら roku dattara
    Volitional 陸だろう ろくだろう roku darō
    Adverbial 陸に ろくに roku ni
    Degree 陸さ ろくさ rokusa

    Noun[edit]

    陸(ろく) • (roku) 

    1. being satisfactory

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    陸
    ろく
    Grade: 4
    on’yomi

    Noun[edit]

    陸(ろく) • (roku) 

    1. (law) the number six, 6 (used in legal documents only, otherwise 六)

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    陸
    りく
    Grade: 4
    on’yomi

    Noun[edit]

    陸(りく) • (riku) 

    1. land; shore
      Synonyms: 陸地 (rikuchi), おか (oka), くにが (kuniga), くぬが (kunuga), くが (kuga)

    Etymology 4[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    陸
    おか
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 陸 – see the following entry.
    【おか】
    [noun] land; ground
    (This term, 陸, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 5[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    陸
    くにが
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 陸 – see くにが.
    (This term, 陸, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

    (The following entry is uncreated: くにが.)

    Etymology 6[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    陸
    くぬが
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 陸 – see くぬが.
    (This term, 陸, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

    (The following entry is uncreated: くぬが.)

    Etymology 7[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    陸
    くが
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 陸 – see くが.
    (This term, 陸, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

    (The following entry is uncreated: くが.)

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 陸 (MC lɨuk̚).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 륙〮 (Yale: lyúk)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 두듥〮 (Yale: twùtúlk) 륙〮 (Yale: lyúk)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    陸 (eumhun 뭍 륙 (mut ryuk), South Korea 뭍 육 (mut yuk))

    1. Hanja form? of 륙/육 (“(dry) land”). [affix]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    陸 (eumhun 여섯 륙 (yeoseot ryuk), South Korea 여섯 육 (yeoseot yuk))

    1. (financial) Alternative form of 六 (“Hanja form? of 륙/육 (“six”).”)

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    陸: Hán Nôm readings: lục

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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