兆

See also: 𫤬

兆 U+5146, 兆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5146 ← 充 [U+5145] CJK Unified Ideographs 兇 → [U+5147]

Translingual

Han character

兆 (radical 10, 儿+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 中一山人 (LMUO), four-corner 3211₃, composition ⿻儿⿱丷八 or ⿻儿⿰冫⿱丿丶)

Derived characters

• 佻 咷 垗 姚 恌 挑 洮 狣 逃 晀 朓 桃 烑 㸠 珧 祧 脁 眺 䂪 䄻 絩 罀 䍮 聎 䑬 䖴 誂 趒 跳 䠷 銚(铫) 鞉 餆 駣 鮡
• 𡭰 覜 頫(𫖯) 鴵 鼗 宨 庣 晁 㿡 窕 筄 雿
• 旐 繉

References

• KangXi: page 124, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1347
• Dae Jaweon: page 260, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 268, character 2
• Unihan data for U+5146

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		兆

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 兆
Shang	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)		Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Chu Slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Ancient script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script j01450 j01451 j01452 Small seal script s02381 s02382 Transcribed ancient scripts L34835 L34836 L16555 L16556 L16557 L16558 L16559 L16560 L16561 L16562 L16563
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (兆) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
挑	*l̥ʰaːw, *l̥ʰeːw, *l'eːwʔ
洮	*l̥ʰaːw, *l'aːw, *lew
桃	*l'aːw
逃	*l'aːw
咷	*l'aːw, *l̥ʰeːws
鼗	*l'aːw
鞉	*l'aːw
駣	*l'aːw, *l'aːwʔ, *l'aːws, *l'ewʔ
𣂁	*sl̥ʰew
脁	*l̥ʰews
晁	*l'ew
兆	*l'ewʔ
旐	*l'ewʔ
狣	*l'ewʔ
鮡	*l'ewʔ, *l'eːw
垗	*l'ewʔ
姚	*lew
珧	*lew
銚	*lew, *l̥ʰeːw, *l'eːws
恌	*lew, *l̥ʰeːw
烑	*lew
餆	*lew
筄	*lews
艞	*lews
佻	*l̥ʰeːw, *l'eːw
祧	*l̥ʰeːw
朓	*l̥ʰeːw, *l̥ʰeːwʔ
庣	*l̥ʰeːw
趒	*l̥ʰeːw, *l̥ʰeːws, *l'eːw
聎	*l̥ʰeːw
眺	*l̥ʰeːws
覜	*l̥ʰeːws
頫	*l̥ʰeːws, *poʔ
絩	*l̥ʰeːws
跳	*l̥ʰeːws, *l'eːw
窕	*l'eːwʔ
誂	*l'eːwʔ

Pictogram (象形) – the cracks in a shell during fortune-telling, an omen.

Etymology

Compare Chepang ह्रावःसा (hrawʔ‑, “to forebode; to portend ill fortune”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhào (zhao⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄠˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): siu⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): seu
• Min Dong (BUC): diêu
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): tiāu / tiǎu

  (Teochew, Peng'im): diao⁶ / diou⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: zhào
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄠˋ
    • Wade–Giles: chao4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaw
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhào
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: siu⁶
    • Yale: siuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: siu⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: xiu⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːu̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: seu
    • Hakka Romanization System: seu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: seu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /seu̯⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: diêu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiɛu²⁴²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiāu
    • Tâi-lô: tiāu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diau
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiaʊ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tiaʊ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiǎu
    • Tâi-lô: tiǎu
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiaʊ²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: diao⁶ / diou⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiău / tiŏu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiau³⁵/, /tiou³⁵/

Note:

• diao6 - Shantou;
• diou6 - Chaozhou.

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• Middle Chinese: /ɖˠiᴇu^X/

Rime
Character	兆
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	宵 (92)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	Chongniu III
Fanqie	治小切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖˠiᴇuX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖᵚiɛuX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiæuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖiawX/
Li Rong	/ȡjɛuX/
Wang Li	/ȡĭɛuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯ɛuX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhào

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*lr[a]wʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*l'ewʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	兆
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhào
Middle Chinese	‹ drjewX ›
Old Chinese	/*lr[a]wʔ/
English	great number
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	兆
Reading #	1/1
No.	16856
Phonetic component	兆
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	肇
Old Chinese	/*l'ewʔ/

Definitions

兆

1. omen
2. (chiefly Taiwan) trillion (million million), tera-, 10¹²
3. (Mainland China) (SI prefix) million, mega-, 10⁶

Synonyms

• (trillion): (Mainland China) 萬億／万亿 (wànyì)
• (tera-): (Mainland China) 太 (tài)
• (mega-): (Taiwan) 百萬／百万 (bǎiwàn)

See also

Chinese numerals
104	108	1012	1016	1020	1024	1028	1032	1036	1040	1044	1048
萬／万 (wàn)	億／亿 (yì)	兆 (zhào) (Taiwan)	京 (jīng) (Taiwan)	垓 (gāi)	秭 (zǐ)	穰 (ráng)	溝／沟 (gōu)	澗／涧 (jiàn)	正 (zhèng)	載／载 (zài)	極／极 (jí)
		萬億／万亿 (wànyì) (Mainland China)	億億/亿亿 (Mainland China)

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Japanese

Kanji

兆

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. portent
2. trillion, 10¹²
3. sign
4. omen
5. symptoms

Readings

• Go-on: じょう (jō)^{←でう (deu, historical)}
• Kan-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)^{←てう (teu, historical)}
• Kun: きざす (kizasu, 兆す, Jōyō); きざし (kizashi, 兆し, Jōyō)
• Nanori: とき (toki); よし (yoshi)

Compounds

• 億(おく)兆(ちょう) (okuchō, “the masses, the people”)
• 兆(きざ)し (kizashi, “sign, omen”)
• 兆(ちょう)候(こう) (chōkō, “symptom, indication”)
• 兆(ちょう)民(みん) (chōmin, “everybody”)
• 凶(きょう)兆(ちょう) (kyōchō, “ill omen, inauspicious”)
• 前(ぜん)兆(ちょう) (zenchō, “harbinger”)
• 吉(きっ)兆(ちょう) (kitchō, “good omen, auspicious”)
• 慶(けい)兆(ちょう) (keichō, “auspicious omen”)
• 瑞(ずい)兆(ちょう) (zuichō, “felicitous omen”)
• 衰(すい)兆(ちょう) (suichō, “signs of decline”)

 

Number

兆 (ちょう, chō)

1. 10¹², (US) trillion, (UK) billion (see: long and short scales)

   5000(ごせん)兆(ちょう)円欲(えんほ)しい！

   Go-sen-chō-en hoshii!

   I want 5,000,000,000,000,000 yen! (internet meme)

See also

Japanese numerical compounds with 兆(ちょう) (chō)
1012	2 × 1012	3 × 1012	4 × 1012	5 × 1012	6 × 1012	7 × 1012	8 × 1012	9 × 1012	1013	1014
一(いっ)兆(ちょう) (itchō)	二(に)兆(ちょう) (nichō)	三(さん)兆(ちょう) (sanchō)	四(よん)兆(ちょう) (yonchō)	五(ご)兆(ちょう) (gochō)	六(ろく)兆(ちょう) (rokuchō)	七(なな)兆(ちょう) (nanachō)	八(はっ)兆(ちょう) (hatchō)	九(きゅう)兆(ちょう) (kyūchō)	十(じゅっ)兆(ちょう) (jutchō)	百(ひゃく)兆(ちょう) (hyakuchō)

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Korean

Hanja

兆 (eum 조 (jo))

1. Hanja form^? of 조 (“a trillion”).

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Vietnamese

Han character

兆: Hán Nôm readings: triệu, diệu, điềm, giệu

1. million, mega-