主

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See also: 王, 玉, 生, and 丰
主 U+4E3B, 主
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E3B
← 为
[U+4E3A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 丼 →
[U+4E3C]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
0 strokes
Stroke order (Japan)
0 strokes
Stroke order
主-order.gif

Han character[edit]

主 (radical 3, 丶+4, 5 strokes, cangjie input 卜土 (YG), four-corner 00104, composition ⿱丶王 or ⿱亠土)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 80, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 100
  • Dae Jaweon: page 163, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 44, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4E3B

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 主

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 主
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
示-oracle.svg 主-bronze.svg 主-seal.svg
Oracle bone script
ACC-j12540.svg

j12540

ACC-j12541.svg

j12541

ACC-j12542.svg

j12542

ACC-j12543.svg

j12543

ACC-j12544.svg

j12544

ACC-j12545.svg

j12545

ACC-j12546.svg

j12546

Small seal script
ACC-s03652.svg

s03652

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (主) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
飳 *tʰoːʔ
妵 *tʰoːʔ
黈 *tʰoːʔ
蘣 *tʰoːʔ
罜 *doːɡ, *tjos
拄 *toʔ
柱 *toʔ, *doʔ
駐 *tos
註 *tos, *tjos
鉒 *tos
軴 *tos
住 *tos, *dos
跓 *doʔ
嵀 *doʔ
主 *tjoʔ
麈 *tjoʔ
宔 *tjoʔ
炷 *tjoʔ, *tjos
注 *tjos
疰 *tjos
蛀 *tjos
霔 *tjos

Pictogram (象形) : A picture of a lamp or a torch with a flame at the top.

Original form of 炷. Current meaning acquired by sound loan.

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Rime
Character 主
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 之庾切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕɨoX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕioX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕioX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/cuə̆X/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕioX/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕĭuX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕi̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhǔ
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 主
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyuX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*toʔ/
English master; host

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 主
Reading # 1/1
No. 17618
Phonetic
component 		主
Rime
group 		侯
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		主
Old
Chinese 		/*tjoʔ/

Definitions[edit]

主

  1. owner; master
  2. host
  3. (Christianity, Islam) Lord
  4. emperor
  5. (colloquial, derogatory) person of a specified type
  6. main; primary
    主要  ―  zhǔyào  ―  main
  7. to be in charge of
  8. to indicate; to signify
  9. A surname​.

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 主

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (主):
  • → Japanese: 主 (しゅ) (shu)
  • → Korean: 주 (主, ju)
  • → Vietnamese: chủ (主)

Others:

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Definitions[edit]

主

  1. Classifier for events.
  2. Alternative form of 注 (zhù, “to pour into”).

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

主

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjectival noun[edit]

主 (-na inflection, hiragana おも, rōmaji omo)

  1. chief, main, principal, foremost

Inflection[edit]

Inflection of 主
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 主だろ おもだろ omo daro
Continuative (連用形) 主で おもで omo de
Terminal (終止形) 主だ おもだ omo da
Attributive (連体形) 主な おもな omo na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 主なら おもなら omo nara
Imperative (命令形) 主であれ おもであれ omo de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 主ではない
主じゃない 		おもではない
おもじゃない 		omo de wa nai
omo ja nai
Informal past 主だった おもだった omo datta
Informal negative past 主ではなかった
主じゃなかった 		おもではなかった
おもじゃなかった 		omo de wa nakatta
omo ja nakatta
Formal 主です おもです omo desu
Formal negative 主ではありません
主じゃありません 		おもではありません
おもじゃありません 		omo de wa arimasen
omo ja arimasen
Formal past 主でした おもでした omo deshita
Formal negative past 主ではありませんでした
主じゃありませんでした 		おもではありませんでした
おもじゃありませんでした 		omo de wa arimasen deshita
omo ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 主で おもで omo de
Conditional 主なら（ば） おもなら（ば） omo nara (ba)
Provisional 主だったら おもだったら omo dattara
Volitional 主だろう おもだろう omo darō
Adverbial 主に おもに omo ni
Degree 主さ おもさ omosa

Noun[edit]

主 (hiragana しゅ, rōmaji shu)

  1. head of the family
  2. master, mistress
  3. one's husband
  4. proprietor, landlord

Synonyms[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

主 (hiragana しゅ, rōmaji Shu)

  1. the Lord
    主 (しゅ)の兄 (きょう)弟 (だい)ヤコブ
    Shu no kyōdai Yakobu
    James, brother of the Lord

Noun[edit]

主 (hiragana ぬし, rōmaji nushi)

  1. master
  2. owner, proprietor
  3. guardian spirit

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

主 (eumhun 임금 주 (imgeum ju))
主 (eumhun 주인 주 (ju-in ju))

  1. king, master, host

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

主 (chủ, chúa)

  1. Hán tự form of chủ (“owner”).
  2. Nôm form of chúa (“retired father of a king”).
  3. Nôm form of Chúa (“God; Christ; Lord”).

Usage notes[edit]

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

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