公主

Chinese

		just; honourable; public just; honourable; public; common; fair; duke; mister	to own; to host; master to own; to host; master; lord; primary
trad. (公主)		公	主
simp. #(公主)		公	主
anagram		主公

Etymology

In Volume I of his 1085 treatise Records of the Origins of Affairs and Things (事物紀原), Gao Cheng (高承) quoted Chūnqiū Zhǐzhǎng Suìyù's (春秋指掌碎玉) statement that:

天子嫁女，秦漢以來，使三公主之，故呼公主也。” [Classical Chinese, trad.]

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天子嫁女，秦汉以来，使三公主之，故呼公主也。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]

Tiānzǐ jià nǚ, qín hàn yǐlái, shǐ sāngōng zhǔ zhī, gù hū gōngzhǔ yě.” [Pinyin]

[When] the Son of Heaven married off a daughter, ever since Qin and Han periods, he employed [one of] the Three Dukes [gōng] (公) to host [zhǔ] (主) [the marriage]. Hence the appellation Gōngzhǔ (公主).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gōngzhǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ ㄓㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gung¹ zyu²

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kûng-chú
• Eastern Min (BUC): gŭng-*ciō
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gorng¹ zy³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kong-chú

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gong¹ zu²

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹kon-tsy₅

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gōngzhǔ → gōngzhu (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄓㄨˇ → ㄍㄨㄥ ˙ㄓㄨ (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gongjhů
    • Wade–Giles: kung¹-chu⁵
    • Yale: gūng-ju
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong.juu
    • Palladius: гунчжу (gunčžu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/ → /kʊŋ⁵⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥u²/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gung¹ zyu²
    • Yale: gūng jyú
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹ dzy²
    • Guangdong Romanization: gung¹ ju²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûng-chú
    • Hakka Romanization System: gung^ˊ zu^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gung¹ zu³
    • Sinological IPA: /kuŋ²⁴ t͡su³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gŭng-*ciō
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ t͡suo³³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gorng¹ zy³ [Phonetic: gorng⁵ ny³]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɒŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ ^(t͡s-)ny⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gorng¹ zy³ [Phonetic: gorng⁵ ny³]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɒŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ ^(t͡s-)ny³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-chú
    • Tâi-lô: kong-tsú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kongzuo
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³ t͡su⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gong¹ zu²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kong tsú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /koŋ³³⁻²³ t͡su⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹kon-tsy₅
    • MiniDict: kon^平 tsy^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹kon-tsr₂
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /koŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: kuwng tsyuX

Rime
Character	公	主
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	古紅切	之庾切
Baxter	kuwng	tsyuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuŋ/	/t͡ɕɨoX/
Pan Wuyun	/kuŋ/	/t͡ɕioX/
Shao Rongfen	/kuŋ/	/t͡ɕioX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəwŋ/	/cuə̆X/
Li Rong	/kuŋ/	/t͡ɕioX/
Wang Li	/kuŋ/	/t͡ɕĭuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuŋ/	/t͡ɕi̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gōng	zhǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gung1	zyu2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qˤoŋ  toʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kloːŋ  tjoʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	公	公	主
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gōng	gōng	zhǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ kuwng ›	‹ kuwng ›	‹ tsyuX ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qˁoŋ/	/*C.qˁoŋ/	/*toʔ/
English	impartial, just; public	father; prince	master; host
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	公	主
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	4092	17618
Phonetic component	公	主
Rime group	東	侯
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	公	主
Old Chinese	/*kloːŋ/	/*tjoʔ/

Noun

公主

1. daughter of a monarch; princess
2. princess (young girl or woman considered vain, spoiled or selfish)
3. (euphemistic, slang) female prostitute

   • 幽默和不幽默的人是兩種動物。擰巴還在於，人不幽默，做出的事幽默。出門往街上看，他們把世界全變了形，洗澡堂子叫「洗浴廣場」，飯館叫「美食城」，剃頭鋪子叫「美容中心」；連夜總會的「雞」，一開始叫「小姐」，後來又改叫「公主」。 [MSC, trad.]
     幽默和不幽默的人是两种动物。拧巴还在于，人不幽默，做出的事幽默。出门往街上看，他们把世界全变了形，洗澡堂子叫「洗浴广场」，饭馆叫「美食城」，剃头铺子叫「美容中心」；连夜总会的「鸡」，一开始叫「小姐」，后来又改叫「公主」。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 2007, Liu Zhenyun, 我叫刘跃进

     Yōumò hé bù yōumò de rén shì liǎng zhǒng dòngwu. Nǐngba hái zàiyú, rén bù yōumò, zuò chū de shì yōumò. Chū mén wǎng jiēshang kàn, tāmen bǎ shìjiè quán biàn le xíng, xǐzǎo tángzi jiào “xǐyù guǎngchǎng”, fànguǎn jiào “měishí chéng”, tìtóu pùzi jiào “měiróng zhōngxīn”; lián yèzǒnghuì de “jī”, yī kāishǐ jiào “xiǎojiě”, hòulái yòu gǎi jiào “gōngzhǔ”. [Pinyin]

     Those who are humorous and those who aren't are two different kinds of animals. The oddness of this is that, those ones who aren't humorous do humorous things. Go out and look at the streets. They turned the world totally misshaped. A bathhouse is called "bathing plaza" (洗浴广场). A restaurant is called "food city" (美食城). A barber shop is called "beauty center" (美容中心). Even as for the prostitutes in the nightclubs, they're initially called "young lady" (小姐), and later changed to "princess" (公主).

Synonyms

• (young girl or woman considered vain): (neologism, slang) 公舉／公举 (gōngjǔ)

Derived terms

• 公主抱 (gōngzhǔbào)
• 公主病 (gōngzhǔbìng)
• 公主風／公主风
• 壽陽公主／寿阳公主
• 大長公主／大长公主
• 妙善公主
• 小公主
• 平陽公主／平阳公主
• 文成公主
• 白雪公主 (Báixuě Gōngzhǔ)
• 白雪公主症候群
• 鐵扇公主／铁扇公主
• 長公主／长公主

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (公主):

• → Japanese: 公(こう)主(しゅ) (kōshu)
• → Korean: 공주(公主) (gongju)

→ Manchu: ᡤᡠᠩᠵᡠ (gungju)

→ Mongolian: ᠭᠦ᠋ᠩᠵᠦ (güngǰü) / гүнж (günž)

→ Sogdian: γwnčwyh

→ Old Turkic: 𐰸𐰆𐰨𐰖 (q̊¹unčy¹ /⁠qunčui⁠/)

• → Karakhanid: [script needed] (qunčūy)

• ⇒ Vietnamese: công chúa

Japanese

Kanji in this term
公	主
こう Grade: 2	しゅ Grade: 3
kan'on

Etymology

Middle Chinese 公主 (kuŋ t͡ɕɨo^X, literally “her marriage is presided by the 三公 (“Three Ducal Ministers”)”)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) こーしゅ [kóꜜòshù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ːɕɨ]

Noun

公(こう)主(しゅ) • (kōshu) 

1. (historical, monarchy) a non-Japanese East Asian princess

   Hyponyms: 皇女, 王女

See also

• 駙(ふ)馬(ば) (fuba)

Korean

Hanja in this term
公	主

Noun

公主 • (gongju) (hangeul 공주)

1. hanja form^? of 공주 (“princess”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
公	主

Noun

公主

1. chữ Hán form of công chúa (“princess”).