幽默

Chinese

		quiet; secluded	silent; write from memory
trad. (幽默)		幽	默
simp. #(幽默)		幽	默

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yōumò

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡ ㄇㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jau¹ mak⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): yû-me̍t

  (Hailu, HRS): rhiu^ˋ med^ˋ

• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): iu¹ beh⁷
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): iu-bia̍k / iu-be̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hiun¹ mig⁸

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹ieu-meq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yōumò
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄡ ㄇㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: youmò
    • Wade–Giles: yu¹-mo⁴
    • Yale: yōu-mwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ioumoh
    • Palladius: юмо (jumo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /joʊ̯⁵⁵ mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jau¹ mak⁶
    • Yale: yāu mahk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jau¹ mak⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yeo¹ meg⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯⁵⁵ mɐk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yû-me̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: iu^ˊ med
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yiu¹ med⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ met̚⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yû-me̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iu^ˊ med
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yiu¹ med⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ met̚⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: rhiu^ˋ med^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /ʒiu⁵³ met²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: iu¹ beh⁷ [Phonetic: iu⁵ beh⁷]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: iu-be̍h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iu⁵³³⁻¹¹ pɛʔ⁴/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: iu¹ beh⁷ [Phonetic: iu⁵ beh⁷]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iu⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ pɛʔ⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iu-bia̍k
    • Tâi-lô: iu-bia̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iu'biak
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /iu³³ biak̚²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iu-be̍k
    • Tâi-lô: iu-bi̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iu'bek
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /iu⁴⁴⁻²² biɪk̚¹²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iu⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪk̚⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /iu⁴⁴⁻²² biɪk̚⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hiun¹ mig⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiuⁿ mi̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hĩũ³³⁻²³ mik̚⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹ieu-meq
    • MiniDict: ieu^平 meh
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ieu-meq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /iɤ⁵⁵ məʔ²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: 'jiw mok

Rime
Character	幽	默
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	幽 (138)	德 (131)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	於虯切	莫北切
Baxter	'jiw	mok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔiɪu/	/mək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɨu/	/mək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔieu/	/mək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔjiw/	/mək̚/
Li Rong	/ʔiĕu/	/mək̚/
Wang Li	/iəu/	/mək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔieu/	/mək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yōu	mò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jau1	mak6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qɯw  mlɯːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	幽
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yōu
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjiw ›
Old Chinese	/*[ʔ](r)iw/
English	dark; secluded
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	幽	默
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	14620	5107
Phonetic component	幽	黑
Rime group	幽	職
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	幽	墨
Old Chinese	/*qɯw/	/*mlɯːɡ/
Notes	甲金文從火從二幺會意火微

Etymology 1

Of native origin, as the combination of 幽 (yōu, “dark”) and 默 (mò, “quiet”); attested in the Chu Ci (《楚辭·九章·懷沙》).

眴兮杳杳，孔靜幽默。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

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眴兮杳杳，孔静幽默。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: The Verses of Chu, 4^th century BCE – 2^nd century CE

Xuàn xī yǎoyǎo, kǒng jìng yōumò. [Pinyin]

Wherever I see, it is dark and empty, amid total silence.

Adjective

幽默

1. (archaic) quiet; tranquil

Etymology 2

Phono-semantic matching of English humor, adapted by linguist Lin Yutang in 1924.

凡是善於幽默的人，其諧趣必愈幽隱，而善於鑑賞幽默的人，其欣賞尤在於內心靜靜的理會，大有不可與外人道之滋味，與粗鄙顯露的笑話不同，幽默愈幽愈默而愈妙。 [MSC, trad.]

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凡是善于幽默的人，其谐趣必愈幽隐，而善于鉴赏幽默的人，其欣赏尤在于内心静静的理会，大有不可与外人道之滋味，与粗鄙显露的笑话不同，幽默愈幽愈默而愈妙。 [MSC, simp.]

From: Lin Yutang

Fánshì shànyú yōumò de rén, qí xiéqù bì yù yōuyǐn, ér shànyú jiànshǎng yōumò de rén, qí xīnshǎng yóu zàiyú nèixīn jìngjìng de lǐhuì, dàyǒu bùkěyǔwàiréndào zhī zīwèi, yǔ cūbǐ xiǎnlù de xiàohuà bùtóng, yōumò yù yōu yù mò ér yù miào. [Pinyin]

Those who are truly skilled in humor tend to express it with subtlety and depth; and those who are adept at appreciating humor often do so through quiet, inward reflection. The pleasure they derive is something intimate, not easily shared with outsiders. Unlike crude and obvious jokes, the more understated and silent the humor, the more quiet and silent it becomes.

Adjective

幽默

1. funny

Synonyms

edit

• 古味 (Hakka)
• 古怪 (Hakka)
• 可笑 (kěxiào)
• 好笑 (hǎoxiào)
• 搞笑 (gǎoxiào)
• 滑稽
• 詼諧 / 诙谐 (huīxié)
• 風趣 / 风趣 (fēngqù)

Noun

幽默

1. humor; hilarity

Derived terms

• 幽默感 (yōumògǎn)
• 黑色幽默 (hēisè yōumò)