莫

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莫 U+83AB, 莫
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83AB
← 莪
[U+83AA]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 莬 →
[U+83AC]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

莫 (radical 140 艸+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 廿日大 (TAK), four-corner 44430, composition ⿱艹旲)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1035, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31078
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1494, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3217, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+83AB

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 莫
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
莫-oracle.svg 莫-bronze.svg 莫-silk.svg 莫-bigseal.svg 莫-seal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (莫) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蟆 mraː
鬕 mraːɡs
饃 maːl
模 maː
摸 maː, *maːɡ
嫫 maː
謨 maː
膜 maː, *maːɡ
摹 maː
暮 maːɡs
慕 maːɡs
募 maːɡs
墓 maːɡs
慔 maːɡs
莫 maːɡ
寞 maːɡ
漠 maːɡ
幕 maːɡ
鏌 maːɡ
瘼 maːɡ
鄚 maːɡ
瞙 maːɡ
嗼 maːɡ, *mraːɡ
塻 maːɡ
貘 mraːɡ
驀 mraːɡ

Pictogram (象形) – the sun (日) sinking into the bushes (屮); dusk. Original form of 暮 (OC *maːɡs, “dusk”).

The bottom was later distorted into 大.

Etymology 1[edit]

simp. and trad.
 莫

From 無 (OC *ma, “there is no”) + distributive suffix *-k (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • mŏ̤h - vernacular (“don't”);
  • mŏk - literary.
Note:
  • bo̍k - literary;
  • bo̍h - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 莫
Mandarin Beijing /mo⁵¹/
Harbin /mɤ⁵³/
Tianjin /mo⁵³/
Jinan /mə²¹/
Qingdao /mə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /mo²⁴/
Xi'an /mo²¹/
Xining /mɔ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /muə¹³/
Lanzhou /mə¹³/
Ürümqi /mɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /mo²¹³/
Chengdu /mo³¹/
Guiyang /mo²¹/
Kunming /mo³¹/
Nanjing /moʔ⁵/
Hefei /mɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /maʔ²/
Pingyao /mʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /maʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /moʔ¹/
Suzhou /noʔ³/
Hangzhou /moʔ²/
Wenzhou /mo²¹³/
Hui Shexian /mɔʔ²¹/
Tunxi /mo¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /mo²⁴/
Xiangtan /mo²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /mɔʔ²/
/mɵʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /mok̚⁵/
Taoyuan /mok̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /mɔk̚²/
Nanning /mɔk̚²²/
Hong Kong /mɔk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /bɔk̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /moʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /mz̩²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /mok̚⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /vo³³/ 不要
/mo³³/ 姓
Rime
Character 莫
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 鐸 (103)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 慕各切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /mɑk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /mɑk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /mɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /mak̚/
Li
Rong		 /mɑk̚/
Wang
Li		 /mɑk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /mɑk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 mò
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 莫 莫
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 mò mò
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ mak › ‹ mak ›
Old
Chinese		 /*mˤak/ /*mˤak/
English there is no X such that X deliberate (v.) (loan)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 莫
Reading # 1/1
No. 9252
Phonetic
component		 莫
Rime
group		 鐸
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 莫
Old
Chinese		 /*maːɡ/
Notes 從日在茻中，暮初文，小徐茻亦聲
Definitions[edit]

莫

  1. none; nothing; not anything
  2. (literary or dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Min Dong) do not; don't; must not
  3. particle indicating a rhetorical question
  4. A surname​.
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 別 (“do not”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 勿、莫、毋
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 別
Mandarin Beijing 別
Taiwan 別、不要
Jinan 別、別價
Xi'an 嫑、不敢
Wuhan 莫、不
Chengdu 莫、不要、嫑
Yangzhou 莫、不要
Hefei 別、不要
Cantonese Guangzhou 咪、唔好
Hong Kong 咪、唔好
Yangjiang 莫、無好
Gan Nanchang 莫
Hakka Meixian 莫、毋愛、毋好
Jin Taiyuan 不要、不敢
Min Bei Jian'ou 伓敢、伓讓、勿
Min Dong Fuzhou 伓通、莫
Min Nan Xiamen 毋通、毋愛、莫
Quanzhou 毋通、毋愛
Zhangzhou 毋通、莫
Taipei 莫
Kaohsiung 莫
Tainan 莫
Lukang 莫
Sanxia 莫去
Yilan 毋通、莫
Chaozhou 孬、勿
Wu Suzhou 𧟰
Wenzhou 𧟰
Xiang Changsha 莫
Shuangfeng 莫

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 莫

Etymology 2[edit]

simp. and trad.
 莫
alt. forms 勿
嘜／唛
麥／麦
賣／卖

Contraction of 毋愛／毋爱 (m̄-ài).

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

莫 (Min Nan)

  1. do not; don't; must not
  2. to not want
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 別 (“do not”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 勿、莫、毋
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 別
Mandarin Beijing 別
Taiwan 別、不要
Jinan 別、別價
Xi'an 嫑、不敢
Wuhan 莫、不
Chengdu 莫、不要、嫑
Yangzhou 莫、不要
Hefei 別、不要
Cantonese Guangzhou 咪、唔好
Hong Kong 咪、唔好
Yangjiang 莫、無好
Gan Nanchang 莫
Hakka Meixian 莫、毋愛、毋好
Jin Taiyuan 不要、不敢
Min Bei Jian'ou 伓敢、伓讓、勿
Min Dong Fuzhou 伓通、莫
Min Nan Xiamen 毋通、毋愛、莫
Quanzhou 毋通、毋愛
Zhangzhou 毋通、莫
Taipei 莫
Kaohsiung 莫
Tainan 莫
Lukang 莫
Sanxia 莫去
Yilan 毋通、莫
Chaozhou 孬、勿
Wu Suzhou 𧟰
Wenzhou 𧟰
Xiang Changsha 莫
Shuangfeng 莫

Etymology 3[edit]

simp. and trad.
 莫

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

莫

  1. † Original form of 暮 (mù, “dusk; late”).
  2. † a kind of vegetable

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 莫

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

莫

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

莫 • (mak, mo) (hangeul 막, 모, revised mak, mo, McCune-Reischauer mak, mo, Yale mak, mo)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

莫 (mạc)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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