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莫

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
莫 U+83AB, 莫
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83AB
← 莪
[U+83AA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 莬 →
[U+83AC]

Translingual

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Han character

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莫 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+7, 11 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 10 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿日大 (TAK), four-corner 44430, composition ⿱艹旲 or ⿱䒤大)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1035, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31078
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1494, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3217, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+83AB

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 莫
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (莫) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蟆 *mraː
鬕 *mraːɡs
饃 *maːl
模 *maː
摸 *maː, *maːɡ
嫫 *maː
謨 *maː
膜 *maː, *maːɡ
摹 *maː
暮 *maːɡs
慕 *maːɡs
募 *maːɡs
墓 *maːɡs
慔 *maːɡs
莫 *maːɡ
寞 *maːɡ
漠 *maːɡ
幕 *maːɡ
鏌 *maːɡ
瘼 *maːɡ
鄚 *maːɡ
瞙 *maːɡ
嗼 *maːɡ, *mraːɡ
塻 *maːɡ
貘 *mraːɡ
驀 *mraːɡ

Pictogram (象形) – the sun (日) sinking into the bushes (屮); dusk. Original form of 暮 (OC *maːɡs, “dusk”).

The bottom was later distorted into 大.

Etymology 1

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trad. 莫
simp. # 莫
alternative forms 𦶛
𦱤
䒬

From 無 (OC *ma, “there is no”) + distributive suffix *-k (Schuessler, 2007). For the same type of derivation, see the relationship of 有 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, “there is”) and 或 (OC *ɡʷɯːɡ, “some”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • mŏ̤h - vernacular (“don't”);
  • mŏk - literary.
Note:
  • bo̍k - literary;
  • bo̍h - vernacular.
Note: bho6 - surname.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 莫
Mandarin Beijing /mo⁵¹/
Harbin /mɤ⁵³/
Tianjin /mo⁵³/
Jinan /mə²¹/
Qingdao /mə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /mo²⁴/
Xi'an /mo²¹/
Xining /mɔ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /muə¹³/
Lanzhou /mə¹³/
Ürümqi /mɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /mo²¹³/
Chengdu /mo³¹/
Guiyang /mo²¹/
Kunming /mo³¹/
Nanjing /moʔ⁵/
Hefei /mɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /maʔ²/
Pingyao /mʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /maʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /moʔ¹/
Suzhou /noʔ³/
Hangzhou /moʔ²/
Wenzhou /mo²¹³/
Hui Shexian /mɔʔ²¹/
Tunxi /mo¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /mo²⁴/
Xiangtan /mo²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /mɔʔ²/
/mɵʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /mok̚⁵/
Taoyuan /mok̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /mɔk̚²/
Nanning /mɔk̚²²/
Hong Kong /mɔk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /bɔk̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /moʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /mz̩²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /mok̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /vo³³/ 不要
/mo³³/ 姓
Rime
Character 莫
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 鐸 (103)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 慕各切
Baxter mak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/mɑk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/mɑk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/mɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/mak̚/
Li
Rong 		/mɑk̚/
Wang
Li 		/mɑk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/mɑk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		mò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		mok6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 莫 莫
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		mò mò
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mak › ‹ mak ›
Old
Chinese 		/*mˁak/ /*mˁak/
English there is no X such that X deliberate (v.) (loan)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 莫
Reading # 1/1
No. 9252
Phonetic
component 		莫
Rime
group 		鐸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		莫
Old
Chinese 		/*maːɡ/
Notes 從日在茻中，暮初文，小徐茻亦聲

Definitions

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莫

  1. (literary) none; nothing; not anything
  2. (literary or dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Eastern Min, Xiang) do not; don't; must not
    莫做聲！／莫做声！ [dialectal Mandarin]  ―  Mò zuòshēng! [Pinyin]  ―  Keep quiet! (literally, “Don't make a sound!”)
    莫細膩。 [Eastern Min, trad.]
    莫细腻。 [Eastern Min, simp.]
    mŏ̤h-sá̤-nê / [moʔ⁵⁻²¹ (s-)lɛ²¹³⁻⁵³ nˡɛi²⁴²] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]
    Don't be too polite. / Make yourself at home.
    你莫腿囉。／你莫腿啰。 [Xiang]  ―  nyi3 mo6 tei3 lo [Wiktionary]  ―  You don't joke.
    發生火災莫驚慌／发生火灾莫惊慌  ―  fāshēng huǒzāi mò jīnghuāng  ―  Don't be panicked when conflagration happens
  3. particle indicating a rhetorical question
  4. a surname

Notes

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In Classical Chinese, negatives like 莫 often invert the object before the verb. Example: 莫之令 "None commands them".

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 別 (“do not”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 勿, 莫1, 毋, 無
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 別, 不要, 勿, 別要 chiefly Hong Kong
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 別, 別價
Taiwan 別, 不要
Harbin 別
Malaysia 不要
Singapore 不要
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 別, 別價, 甭價, 不要
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 別
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 嫑, 甭1, 休
Wanrong 嫑, 不要
Xi'an 嫑, 不敢
Xining 嫑
Xuzhou 嫑, 休
Lanyin Mandarin Lanzhou 不要
Ürümqi 嫑
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 莫1, 不要, 嫑
Wuhan 莫1, 不
Guiyang 不要
Guilin 莫1
Liuzhou 莫1, 莫要
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 莫1
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 不要
Yangzhou 莫1, 不要
Hefei 別, 不要
Cantonese Guangzhou 咪, 咪個, 唔好
Hong Kong 咪, 唔好, 冇, 咪個 dated
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 唔好
Macau 唔要
Foshan (Shunde) 咪
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 咪
Zhuhai (Doumen) 唔好
Taishan 唔好
Kaiping (Chikan) 唔好
Dongguan 咪, 唔好
Shaoguan 咪
Yunfu 咪, 唔好
Yangjiang 莫1, 無好
Xinyi 毛
Lianjiang 冇
Nanning 冇要
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 咪
Singapore (Guangfu) 咪, 唔好
Gan Nanchang 莫1
Lichuan 毋要, 不要
Pingxiang 不要
Hakka Meixian 莫1, 毋愛, 毋好
Xingning 毋愛
Huidong (Daling) 毋好
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 毋好
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 毋好
Changting 毋要
Liancheng 毋要
Ninghua 毋要
Yudu 毋要, 毋敢
Ruijin 毋要
Shicheng 毋要
Shangyou (Shexi) 毋要
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 毋好
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 毋好
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 毋好
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 毋好
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 毋好
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 毋好
Hong Kong 毋好
Sabah (Longchuan) 毋愛
Senai (Huiyang) 毋好
Kuching (Hepo) 唔愛
Huizhou Jixi 不要, 嫑
Shexian 不要, 嫑
Huangshan (Tunxi) 不要, 嫑
Jin Taiyuan 不要, 不敢
Xinzhou 不要, 嫑, 播
Northern Min Jian'ou 伓敢, 伓讓, 毋
Pucheng (Shibei) 伓敢
Eastern Min Fuzhou 伓通, 毋
Fuqing 伓通
Matsu 毋
Southern Min Xiamen 毋通, 毋愛, 莫2, 𱰠, 莫用, 汰
Quanzhou 毋通, 毋愛, 甭2, 莫用, 汰
Zhangzhou 毋通, 莫2, 甭2, 𱰠, 莫用, 汰
Zhao'an 孬
Taipei 莫2
New Taipei (Sanxia) 莫去
Kaohsiung 莫2
Yilan 毋通, 莫2
Changhua (Lukang) 莫2
Tainan 莫2, 甭2
Penang (Hokkien) 莫2, 毋通, 甭2
Singapore (Hokkien) 莫2, 毋通, 甭2
Manila (Hokkien) 毋通, 甭2
Pingnan (Shangdu) 別
Chaozhou 孬, 莫2
Shantou 孬, 莫2
Shantou (Chaoyang) 莫2
Jieyang 孬, 莫2
Haifeng 莫2
Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) 孬
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 孬
Penang (Teochew) 莫2
Singapore (Teochew) 莫2, 孬
Leizhou 無地
Haikou 無用, 莫2, 無莫
Qionghai 無用
Singapore (Hainanese) 無用
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 冇要
Wu Shanghai 勿要, 𧟰
Shanghai (Chongming) 拗
Suzhou 𧟰
Wuxi 𧟰
Nantong (Haimen) 拗, 拗要, 弗要
Danyang 弗要, 𫸻
Hangzhou 嫑
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 弗要, 消, 𧟰
Ningbo 莫, 甮
Wenzhou 𧟰
Lishui ⿰毋樂
Qingyuan ⿰否樂
Jinhua 𫸻, 弗要, 弗用
Xiang Changsha 莫1, 不要
Loudi 不要, 莫1
Shuangfeng 莫1
Quanzhou 別

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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trad. 莫
simp. # 莫
alternative forms
勿
嘜／唛
麥／麦
賣／卖
甭
勿
嘜／唛
麥／麦
賣／卖
甭
⿰勿愛
 

Contraction of 毋愛 / 毋爱 (m̄-ài).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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莫 (Southern Min)

  1. do not; don't; must not
    莫按呢！ [Hokkien]  ―  Mài án-ne! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  Don't do like that!
    莫閣講矣！ [Hokkien, trad.]
    莫阁讲矣！ [Hokkien, simp.]
    Mài koh kóng--ah! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    Don't talk about that!
    莫摸我！ [Hokkien]  ―  Mài bong góa! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  Don't touch me!
  2. to not want

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 別 (“do not”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 勿, 莫1, 毋, 無
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 別, 不要, 勿, 別要 chiefly Hong Kong
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 別, 別價
Taiwan 別, 不要
Harbin 別
Malaysia 不要
Singapore 不要
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 別, 別價, 甭價, 不要
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 別
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 嫑, 甭1, 休
Wanrong 嫑, 不要
Xi'an 嫑, 不敢
Xining 嫑
Xuzhou 嫑, 休
Lanyin Mandarin Lanzhou 不要
Ürümqi 嫑
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 莫1, 不要, 嫑
Wuhan 莫1, 不
Guiyang 不要
Guilin 莫1
Liuzhou 莫1, 莫要
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 莫1
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 不要
Yangzhou 莫1, 不要
Hefei 別, 不要
Cantonese Guangzhou 咪, 咪個, 唔好
Hong Kong 咪, 唔好, 冇, 咪個 dated
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 唔好
Macau 唔要
Foshan (Shunde) 咪
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 咪
Zhuhai (Doumen) 唔好
Taishan 唔好
Kaiping (Chikan) 唔好
Dongguan 咪, 唔好
Shaoguan 咪
Yunfu 咪, 唔好
Yangjiang 莫1, 無好
Xinyi 毛
Lianjiang 冇
Nanning 冇要
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 咪
Singapore (Guangfu) 咪, 唔好
Gan Nanchang 莫1
Lichuan 毋要, 不要
Pingxiang 不要
Hakka Meixian 莫1, 毋愛, 毋好
Xingning 毋愛
Huidong (Daling) 毋好
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 毋好
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 毋好
Changting 毋要
Liancheng 毋要
Ninghua 毋要
Yudu 毋要, 毋敢
Ruijin 毋要
Shicheng 毋要
Shangyou (Shexi) 毋要
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 毋好
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 毋好
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 毋好
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 毋好
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 毋好
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 毋好
Hong Kong 毋好
Sabah (Longchuan) 毋愛
Senai (Huiyang) 毋好
Kuching (Hepo) 唔愛
Huizhou Jixi 不要, 嫑
Shexian 不要, 嫑
Huangshan (Tunxi) 不要, 嫑
Jin Taiyuan 不要, 不敢
Xinzhou 不要, 嫑, 播
Northern Min Jian'ou 伓敢, 伓讓, 毋
Pucheng (Shibei) 伓敢
Eastern Min Fuzhou 伓通, 毋
Fuqing 伓通
Matsu 毋
Southern Min Xiamen 毋通, 毋愛, 莫2, 𱰠, 莫用, 汰
Quanzhou 毋通, 毋愛, 甭2, 莫用, 汰
Zhangzhou 毋通, 莫2, 甭2, 𱰠, 莫用, 汰
Zhao'an 孬
Taipei 莫2
New Taipei (Sanxia) 莫去
Kaohsiung 莫2
Yilan 毋通, 莫2
Changhua (Lukang) 莫2
Tainan 莫2, 甭2
Penang (Hokkien) 莫2, 毋通, 甭2
Singapore (Hokkien) 莫2, 毋通, 甭2
Manila (Hokkien) 毋通, 甭2
Pingnan (Shangdu) 別
Chaozhou 孬, 莫2
Shantou 孬, 莫2
Shantou (Chaoyang) 莫2
Jieyang 孬, 莫2
Haifeng 莫2
Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) 孬
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 孬
Penang (Teochew) 莫2
Singapore (Teochew) 莫2, 孬
Leizhou 無地
Haikou 無用, 莫2, 無莫
Qionghai 無用
Singapore (Hainanese) 無用
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 冇要
Wu Shanghai 勿要, 𧟰
Shanghai (Chongming) 拗
Suzhou 𧟰
Wuxi 𧟰
Nantong (Haimen) 拗, 拗要, 弗要
Danyang 弗要, 𫸻
Hangzhou 嫑
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 弗要, 消, 𧟰
Ningbo 莫, 甮
Wenzhou 𧟰
Lishui ⿰毋樂
Qingyuan ⿰否樂
Jinhua 𫸻, 弗要, 弗用
Xiang Changsha 莫1, 不要
Loudi 不要, 莫1
Shuangfeng 莫1
Quanzhou 別

Etymology 3

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trad. 莫
simp. # 莫

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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莫

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 暮 (mù, “dusk; late”).
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) a kind of vegetable

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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莫

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. late
  2. end
  3. not be
  4. must not

Readings

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  • Go-on: も (mo)、まく (maku)
  • Kan-on: ぼ (bo)、ばく (baku)
  • Kun: くれ (kure, 莫れ)、ない (nai, 莫い)、なかれ (nakare, 莫れ)
  • Nanori: さだむ (sadamu)

Korean

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Hanja

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莫 (eumhun 없을 막 (eopseul mak))

  1. hanja form? of 막 (“do not, is not, cannot”)

莫 (eumhun 저물 모 (jeomul mo))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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莫: Hán Việt readings: mạc (末(mạt)各(các)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
莫: Nôm readings: mác[1][2][3][4][5][6], mạc[1][2][5][6], mếch[1]

Proper noun

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莫

  1. chữ Hán form of Mạc (“a surname from Chinese”).

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Hồ (1976).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Génibrel (1898).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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