莫

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莫 U+83AB, 莫
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83AB
← 莪
[U+83AA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 莬 →
[U+83AC]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

莫 (radical 140, 艸+7, 11 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 10 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿日大 (TAK), four-corner 44430, composition ⿱艹旲 or ⿱䒤大)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1035, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31078
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1494, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3217, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+83AB

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 莫
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
莫-oracle.svg 莫-bronze.svg 莫-silk.svg 莫-seal.svg 莫-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (莫) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蟆 *mraː
鬕 *mraːɡs
饃 *maːl
模 *maː
摸 *maː, *maːɡ
嫫 *maː
謨 *maː
膜 *maː, *maːɡ
摹 *maː
暮 *maːɡs
慕 *maːɡs
募 *maːɡs
墓 *maːɡs
慔 *maːɡs
莫 *maːɡ
寞 *maːɡ
漠 *maːɡ
幕 *maːɡ
鏌 *maːɡ
瘼 *maːɡ
鄚 *maːɡ
瞙 *maːɡ
嗼 *maːɡ, *mraːɡ
塻 *maːɡ
貘 *mraːɡ
驀 *mraːɡ

Pictogram (象形) – the sun (日) sinking into the bushes (屮); dusk. Original form of 暮 (OC *maːɡs, “dusk”).

The bottom was later distorted into 大.

Etymology 1[edit]

simp. and trad.
 莫

From 無 (OC *ma, “there is no”) + distributive suffix *-k (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • mŏ̤h - vernacular (“don't”);
  • mŏk - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • bo̍k - literary;
    • bo̍h - vernacular.
  • Wu
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 莫
    Mandarin Beijing /mo⁵¹/
    Harbin /mɤ⁵³/
    Tianjin /mo⁵³/
    Jinan /mə²¹/
    Qingdao /mə⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /mo²⁴/
    Xi'an /mo²¹/
    Xining /mɔ⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /muə¹³/
    Lanzhou /mə¹³/
    Ürümqi /mɤ²¹³/
    Wuhan /mo²¹³/
    Chengdu /mo³¹/
    Guiyang /mo²¹/
    Kunming /mo³¹/
    Nanjing /moʔ⁵/
    Hefei /mɐʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /maʔ²/
    Pingyao /mʌʔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /maʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /moʔ¹/
    Suzhou /noʔ³/
    Hangzhou /moʔ²/
    Wenzhou /mo²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /mɔʔ²¹/
    Tunxi /mo¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /mo²⁴/
    Xiangtan /mo²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /mɔʔ²/
    /mɵʔ²/
    Hakka Meixian /mok̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /mok̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /mɔk̚²/
    Nanning /mɔk̚²²/
    Hong Kong /mɔk̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /bɔk̚⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /moʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /mz̩²⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /mok̚⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /vo³³/ 不要
    /mo³³/ 姓
    Rime
    Character 莫
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 明 (4)
    Final (韻) 鐸 (103)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 慕各切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/mɑk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/mɑk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/mɑk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/mak̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/mɑk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/mɑk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/mɑk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		mò
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 莫 莫
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		mò mò
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ mak › ‹ mak ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*mˁak/ /*mˁak/
    English there is no X such that X deliberate (v.) (loan)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 莫
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 9252
    Phonetic
    component         		莫
    Rime
    group         		鐸
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		莫
    Old
    Chinese         		/*maːɡ/
    Notes 從日在茻中，暮初文，小徐茻亦聲

    Definitions[edit]

    莫

    1. none; nothing; not anything
    2. (literary or dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Min Dong) do not; don't; must not
    3. particle indicating a rhetorical question
    4. A surname​.

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 別 (“do not”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 勿, 莫1, 毋, 無
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 別, 不要
    Mandarin Beijing 別, 別價
    Taiwan 別, 不要
    Harbin 別
    Jinan 別, 別價, 甭價, 不要
    Muping 別
    Luoyang 嫑, 甭, 休
    Wanrong 嫑, 不要
    Xi'an 嫑, 不敢
    Xining 嫑
    Xuzhou 嫑, 休
    Lanzhou 不要
    Ürümqi 嫑
    Wuhan 莫1, 不
    Chengdu 莫1, 不要, 嫑
    Guiyang 不要
    Guilin 莫1
    Liuzhou 莫1, 莫要
    Yangzhou 莫1, 不要
    Nanjing 不要
    Hefei 別, 不要
    Malaysia 不要
    Singapore 不要
    Cantonese Guangzhou 咪, 唔好
    Hong Kong 咪, 唔好
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 唔好
    Shunde 咪
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 咪
    Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 唔好
    Taishan 唔好
    Kaiping (Chikan) 唔好
    Dongguan 咪, 唔好
    Shaoguan 咪
    Yunfu 咪, 唔好
    Yangjiang 莫1, 無好
    Xinyi 毛
    Lianjiang 冇
    Nanning 冇要
    Kuala Lumpur 咪
    Singapore 咪, 唔好
    Gan Nanchang 莫1
    Lichuan 毋要, 不要
    Pingxiang 不要
    Hakka Meixian 莫1, 毋愛, 毋好
    Xingning 毋愛
    Huidong (Daling) 毋好
    Qujiang 毋好
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 毋好
    Changting 毋要
    Liancheng 毋要
    Ninghua 毋要
    Yudu 毋要, 毋敢
    Ruijin 毋要
    Shicheng 毋要
    Shangyou 毋要
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 毋好
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 毋好
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 毋好
    Dongshi (Dabu) 毋好
    Hsinchu (Raoping) 毋好
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 毋好
    Hong Kong 毋好
    Sabah 毋愛
    Senai 毋好
    Huizhou Jixi 不要, 嫑
    Shexian 不要, 嫑
    Tunxi 不要, 嫑
    Jin Taiyuan 不要, 不敢
    Xinzhou 不要, 嫑, 播
    Min Bei Jian'ou 伓敢, 伓讓, 毋
    Min Dong Fuzhou 伓通, 毋
    Fuqing 伓通
    Matsu 毋
    Min Nan Xiamen 毋通, 毋愛, 莫2
    Quanzhou 毋通, 毋愛
    Zhangzhou 毋通, 莫2
    Taipei 莫2
    Kaohsiung 莫2
    Tainan 莫2
    Lukang 莫2
    Sanxia 莫去
    Yilan 毋通, 莫2
    Penang (Hokkien) 莫2, 毋通
    Singapore (Hokkien) 莫2
    Philippines (Manila Hokkien) 毋通
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 別
    Chaozhou 孬, 莫2
    Shantou 孬, 莫2
    Haifeng 莫2
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 孬
    Singapore (Teochew) 莫2
    Haikou 無用, 莫2, 無莫
    Leizhou 無地
    Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 冇要
    Wu Shanghai 勿要, 𧟰
    Suzhou 𧟰
    Hangzhou 嫑
    Wenzhou 𧟰
    Chongming 𧟰
    Danyang 弗要, 𫸻
    Jinhua 𫸻, 弗要, 弗用
    Ningbo 甮
    Xiang Changsha 莫1, 不要
    Shuangfeng 莫1
    Loudi 不要, 莫1
    Quanzhou 別

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 莫

    Etymology 2[edit]

    simp. and trad.
    		 莫
    alternative forms
     
    勿
    嘜／唛
    麥／麦
    賣／卖
    甭
    ⿰勿愛

    Contraction of 毋愛／毋爱 (m̄-ài).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    莫 (Min Nan)

    1. do not; don't; must not
      莫摸我！ [Min Nan]  ―  Mài bong góa! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  Don't touch me!
    2. to not want

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 別 (“do not”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 勿, 莫1, 毋, 無
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 別, 不要
    Mandarin Beijing 別, 別價
    Taiwan 別, 不要
    Harbin 別
    Jinan 別, 別價, 甭價, 不要
    Muping 別
    Luoyang 嫑, 甭, 休
    Wanrong 嫑, 不要
    Xi'an 嫑, 不敢
    Xining 嫑
    Xuzhou 嫑, 休
    Lanzhou 不要
    Ürümqi 嫑
    Wuhan 莫1, 不
    Chengdu 莫1, 不要, 嫑
    Guiyang 不要
    Guilin 莫1
    Liuzhou 莫1, 莫要
    Yangzhou 莫1, 不要
    Nanjing 不要
    Hefei 別, 不要
    Malaysia 不要
    Singapore 不要
    Cantonese Guangzhou 咪, 唔好
    Hong Kong 咪, 唔好
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 唔好
    Shunde 咪
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 咪
    Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 唔好
    Taishan 唔好
    Kaiping (Chikan) 唔好
    Dongguan 咪, 唔好
    Shaoguan 咪
    Yunfu 咪, 唔好
    Yangjiang 莫1, 無好
    Xinyi 毛
    Lianjiang 冇
    Nanning 冇要
    Kuala Lumpur 咪
    Singapore 咪, 唔好
    Gan Nanchang 莫1
    Lichuan 毋要, 不要
    Pingxiang 不要
    Hakka Meixian 莫1, 毋愛, 毋好
    Xingning 毋愛
    Huidong (Daling) 毋好
    Qujiang 毋好
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 毋好
    Changting 毋要
    Liancheng 毋要
    Ninghua 毋要
    Yudu 毋要, 毋敢
    Ruijin 毋要
    Shicheng 毋要
    Shangyou 毋要
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 毋好
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 毋好
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 毋好
    Dongshi (Dabu) 毋好
    Hsinchu (Raoping) 毋好
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 毋好
    Hong Kong 毋好
    Sabah 毋愛
    Senai 毋好
    Huizhou Jixi 不要, 嫑
    Shexian 不要, 嫑
    Tunxi 不要, 嫑
    Jin Taiyuan 不要, 不敢
    Xinzhou 不要, 嫑, 播
    Min Bei Jian'ou 伓敢, 伓讓, 毋
    Min Dong Fuzhou 伓通, 毋
    Fuqing 伓通
    Matsu 毋
    Min Nan Xiamen 毋通, 毋愛, 莫2
    Quanzhou 毋通, 毋愛
    Zhangzhou 毋通, 莫2
    Taipei 莫2
    Kaohsiung 莫2
    Tainan 莫2
    Lukang 莫2
    Sanxia 莫去
    Yilan 毋通, 莫2
    Penang (Hokkien) 莫2, 毋通
    Singapore (Hokkien) 莫2
    Philippines (Manila Hokkien) 毋通
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 別
    Chaozhou 孬, 莫2
    Shantou 孬, 莫2
    Haifeng 莫2
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 孬
    Singapore (Teochew) 莫2
    Haikou 無用, 莫2, 無莫
    Leizhou 無地
    Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 冇要
    Wu Shanghai 勿要, 𧟰
    Suzhou 𧟰
    Hangzhou 嫑
    Wenzhou 𧟰
    Chongming 𧟰
    Danyang 弗要, 𫸻
    Jinhua 𫸻, 弗要, 弗用
    Ningbo 甮
    Xiang Changsha 莫1, 不要
    Shuangfeng 莫1
    Loudi 不要, 莫1
    Quanzhou 別

    Etymology 3[edit]

    simp. and trad.
    		 莫

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    莫

    1. † Original form of 暮 (mù, “dusk; late”).
    2. † a kind of vegetable

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 莫

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    莫

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

    1. late
    2. end
    3. not be
    4. must not

    Readings[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    莫 • (mak, mo) (hangeul 막, 모)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    莫: Hán Việt readings: mạc (末(mạt)各(các)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
    莫: Nôm readings: mác[1][2][3][4][5][6], mạc[1][2][5][6], mếch[1]

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
    4. ^ Hồ (1976).
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Génibrel (1898).
    6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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