模

模 U+6A21, 模 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A21 ← 樠 [U+6A20] CJK Unified Ideographs 樢 → [U+6A22]

Translingual

Stroke order

Mainland China and Japan

Han character

模 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+10, 14 (Mainland China, Japan), 15 (Hong Kong) strokes, cangjie input 木廿日大 (DTAK), four-corner 4493₄, composition ⿰木莫)

Derived characters

• 𡃗, 𤂨, 𥀳

References

• KangXi: page 551, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15453
• Dae Jaweon: page 939, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1261, character 9
• Unihan data for U+6A21

Chinese

trad.		模
simp. #		模

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 模
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (莫) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
蟆	*mraː
鬕	*mraːɡs
饃	*maːl
模	*maː
摸	*maː, *maːɡ
嫫	*maː
謨	*maː
膜	*maː, *maːɡ
摹	*maː
暮	*maːɡs
慕	*maːɡs
募	*maːɡs
墓	*maːɡs
慔	*maːɡs
莫	*maːɡ
寞	*maːɡ
漠	*maːɡ
幕	*maːɡ
鏌	*maːɡ
瘼	*maːɡ
鄚	*maːɡ
瞙	*maːɡ
嗼	*maːɡ, *mraːɡ
塻	*maːɡ
貘	*mraːɡ
驀	*mraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *maː): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 莫 (OC *maːɡ).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mó (mo²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mù
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): bô͘ / mô͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): mo⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Shanghainese): ⁶mu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mó
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mó
    • Wade–Giles: mo²
    • Yale: mwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
    • Palladius: мо (mo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: mou⁴
    • Yale: mòuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: mou⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mù
    • Hakka Romanization System: muˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: mu²
    • Sinological IPA: /mu¹¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bô͘
    • Tâi-lô: bôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: boo
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /bɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔ²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔ¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mô͘
    • Tâi-lô: môo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: moo
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /mɔ̃²³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /mɔ̃²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɔ̃¹³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: mo⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mô
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mo⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wugniu: ⁶mu
    • Wiktionary Romanisation: ³mu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: mu

Rime
Character	模
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫胡切
Baxter	mu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muo/
Pan Wuyun	/muo/
Shao Rongfen	/mo/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mɔ/
Li Rong	/mo/
Wang Li	/mu/
Bernard Karlgren	/muo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mou4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤa/

  (Zhengzhang): /*maː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	模
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mó
Middle Chinese	‹ mu ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁa/
English	model
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	模
Reading #	1/1
No.	9241
Phonetic component	莫
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	模
Old Chinese	/*maː/

Definitions

模

1. model; standard; example
2. to copy; to imitate
3. Short for 模特 (mótè, “model; fashion model”).
4. Short for 模範／模范 (mófàn, “model person; role model”).
5. (mathematics) modulus

   同餘的模／同余的模  ―  tóngyú de mó  ―  modulus of congruence

6. (mathematics) modulo

   5與8同餘模3。／5与8同余模3。  ―  Wǔ yǔ bā tóngyú mó sān.  ―  5 and 8 are congruent modulo 3.

7. (mathematics) modular

   模形式  ―  móxíngshì  ―  modular form

8. (mathematics) module

   自由模  ―  zìyóumó  ―  free module

9. a surname

Compounds

• 一代楷模
• 像模
• 印模
• 地震規模／地震规模
• 大規模／大规模 (dàguīmó)
• 奉為楷模／奉为楷模
• 奧會模式／奥会模式
• 工模
• 常模
• 彈性模數／弹性模数
• 德國模式／德国模式
• 手模 (shǒumó)
• 文化模式
• 有模子
• 木模
• 楷模 (kǎimó)
• 模仿 (mófǎng)
• 模仿性
• 模倣／模仿 (mófǎng)
• 模傚
• 模型 (móxíng)
• 模型玩具 (móxíng wánjù)
• 模型飛機／模型飞机
• 模塊／模块 (mókuài)
• 模塑成形
• 模壓／模压
• 模寫／模写 (móxiě)
• 模寫論／模写论
• 模式 (móshì)
• 模擬／模拟 (mónǐ)
• 模擬器／模拟器 (mónǐqì)
• 模擬投票／模拟投票
• 模擬演習／模拟演习
• 模擬考試／模拟考试
• 模效
• 模書／模书
• 模本 (móběn)
• 模棱兩可／模棱两可 (móléngliǎngkě)
• 模楷
• 模模糊糊
• 模特兒／模特儿
• 模稜／模棱 (móléng)
• 模稜兩可／模棱两可 (móléngliǎngkě)
• 模範／模范 (mófàn)
• 模範區／模范区
• 模範村／模范村
• 模範生／模范生
• 模糊
• 模糊理論／模糊理论
• 模組／模组 (mózǔ)
• 模網論壇／模网论坛
• 模表
• 模造紙／模造纸
• 模里西斯 (Mólǐxīsī)
• 模黏
• 沖模／冲模
• 石膏模型 (shígāo móxíng)
• 砂模
• 船模試驗／船模试验
• 花剌子模 (Huālàzǐmó)
• 螺模
• 螺絲模／螺丝模
• 血肉模糊 (xuèròumóhú)
• 行為模式／行为模式
• 規模／规模 (guīmó)
• 規模遠舉／规模远举
• 軌模／轨模
• 迷颩模登／迷𱃔模登
• 酸模 (suānmó)
• 首鼠模棱

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mú, mó

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˊ, ㄇㄛˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁴, mou^4-2
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): bô͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): mo⁵ / bhou⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mú
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mú
    • Wade–Giles: mu²
    • Yale: mú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mu
    • Palladius: му (mu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mó
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mó
    • Wade–Giles: mo²
    • Yale: mwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
    • Palladius: мо (mo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: mou⁴, mou^4-2
    • Yale: mòuh, móu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁴, mou^4-2
    • Guangdong Romanization: mou⁴, mou^4-2
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²¹/, /mou̯²¹⁻³⁵/

Note:

• mou4 - "appearance" or "mold";
• mou4-2 - "mold".

Min Nan

• (Hokkien)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bô͘
  • Tâi-lô: bôo
  • Phofsit Daibuun: boo
  • IPA (Xiamen): /bɔ²⁴/
  • IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔ²⁴/
  • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔ¹³/
  • IPA (Taipei): /bɔ²⁴/
  • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔ²³/
• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: mo⁵ / bhou⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mô / bôu
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mo⁵⁵/, /bou⁵⁵/

Note:

• mo5 - literary;
• bhou5 - vernacular.

Definitions

模

1. appearance
2. mold; matrix; shape; pattern

Compounds

• 一模一樣／一模一样 (yīmúyīyàng)
• 不成模樣／不成模样
• 中注模樣／中注模样
• 人模人樣／人模人样
• 人模狗樣／人模狗样 (rénmógǒuyàng)
• 俏模樣／俏模样
• 像模像樣／像模像样
• 喬模喬樣／乔模乔样
• 大模大樣／大模大样 (dàmúdàyàng)
• 大模廝樣／大模厮样 (dàmúsīyàng)
• 好模好樣／好模好样
• 字模 (zìmó)
• 小模樣兒／小模样儿
• 怪模怪樣／怪模怪样 (guàimúguàiyàng)
• 惡模惡樣／恶模恶样
• 有模有樣／有模有样
• 模本 (móběn)
• 模板 (múbǎn)
• 模板工
• 死模活漾
• 紅模子／红模子
• 裝模作樣／装模作样 (zhuāngmúzuòyàng)
• 銅模／铜模
• 鑄模／铸模 (zhùmú)

 

Japanese

Kanji

模

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: も (mo, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: ぼ (bo, Jōyō)
• Kun: かた (kata, 模); かたぎ (katagi, 模); かたどる (katadoru, 模る); のっとる (nottoru, 模る)
• Nanori: かた (kata); とお (tō); のり (nori); ひろ (hiro)

Compounds

• 相模(さがみ) (Sagami)
• 酸模(すかんぼ) (sukanbo)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
模
も Grade: 6
goon

From Middle Chinese 模 (MC mu).

The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mo̞]

Affix

模(も) • (mo) 

1. model; pattern
2. appearance

Derived terms

• 模(も)楷(かい) (mokai)
• 模(も)擬(ぎ) (mogi) (摸(も)擬(ぎ), 摹(も)擬(ぎ))
• 模(も)型(けい) (mokei)
• 模(も)糊(こ) (moko) (糢(も)糊(こ))
• 模(も)傚(こう) (mokō)
• 模(も)刻(こく) (mokoku) (摸(も)刻(こく), 摹(も)刻(こく))
• 模(も)索(さく) (mosaku) (摸(も)索(さく))
• 模(も)作(さく) (mosaku) (摸(も)作(さく))
• 模(も)式(しき) (moshiki)
• 模(も)写(しゃ) (mosha) (摸(も)写(しゃ))
• 模(も)出(しゅつ) (moshutsu) (摸(も)出(しゅつ))
• 模(も)製(せい) (mosei) (摸(も)製(せい))
• 模(も)像(ぞう) (mozō)
• 模(も)造(ぞう) (mozō) (摸(も)造(ぞう))
• 模(も)拓(たく) (motaku) (摸(も)拓(たく))
• 模(も)搨(とう) (motō)
• 模(も)範(はん), 模(も)笵(はん) (mohan)
• 模(も)表(ひょう) (mohyō)
• 模(も)倣(ほう) (mohō) (摸(も)倣(ほう), 摹(も)倣(ほう))
• 模(も)本(ほん) (mohon) (摸(も)本(ほん), 摹(も)本(ほん))
• 模(も)様(よう) (moyō)
• 模(も)稜(りょう) (moryō) (摸(も)稜(りょう))
• 模(も)臨(りん) (morin) (摸(も)臨(りん))
• 佳(か)模(も), 嘉(か)模(も) (kamo)
• 範(はん)模(も) (hanmo)
• 描(びょう)模(も) (byōmo) (描(びょう)摸(も), 描(びょう)摹(も))
• 倣(ほう)模(も) (hōmo)
• 臨(りん)模(も) (rinmo) (臨(りん)摹(も))

 

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
模
ぼ Grade: 6
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 模 (MC mu).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bo̞]

Affix

模(ぼ) • (bo) 

1. (uncommon) Same as も (mo) above

Derived terms

• 模(ぼ)楷(かい) (bokai)
• 模(ぼ)倣(ほう) (bohō)
• 楷(かい)模(ぼ) (kaibo)
• 規(き)模(ぼ) (kibo) (規(き)摸(ぼ), 規(き)摹(ぼ))
• 臨(りん)模(ぼ) (rinbo) (臨(りん)摹(ぼ))

 

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
模
かたぎ Grade: 6
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 模 – see the following entry.

【かたぎ】 [noun] carving wooden block used to dye patterns on cloth, paper, etc. [noun] printing wooden block [noun] model; pattern Alternative spelling 形木

(This term, 模, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

模 (eumhun 법 모 (beop mo))

1. Hanja form^? of 모 (“model, standard, pattern”).

模 (eumhun 본뜰 모 (bontteul mo))

1. Hanja form^? of 모 (“copy, imitate”).

Compounds

• 모양 (模樣, moyang)

Vietnamese

Han character

模: Hán Nôm readings: mô, mo, mọ, mu, mua, mạc, mù

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.