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各

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 名
各 U+5404, 各
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5404
← 吃
[U+5403] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 吅 →
[U+5405]

Translingual

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Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character

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各 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, Cangjie input 竹水口 (HER), four-corner 27604, composition ⿱夂口)

Derived characters

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各 (OC *klaːɡ) (by Zhengzhang Shangfang) is frequently used to demonstrate the presence of consonant cluster initials in Old Chinese:

Additional Derived Characters

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 174, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3281
  • Dae Jaweon: page 387, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 583, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5404

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 各
alternative forms 𭶻
⿱夂厶

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 各
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (各) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
髂 *kʰraːɡs
路 *ɡ·raːɡs
輅 *ɡ·raːɡs
賂 *ɡ·raːɡs
虂 *ɡ·raːɡs
露 *ɡ·raːɡs
潞 *raːɡs
鷺 *raːɡs
璐 *raːɡs
簬 *raːɡs
簵 *ɡ·raːɡs
洛 *ɡ·raːɡ
駱 *ɡ·raːɡ
絡 *ɡ·raːɡ
酪 *ɡ·raːɡ
烙 *ɡ·raːɡ
雒 *ɡ·raːɡ
珞 *ɡ·raːɡ
硌 *ɡ·raːɡ
袼 *ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ
笿 *ɡ·raːɡ
鉻 *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
鮥 *ɡ·raːɡ
鵅 *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
挌 *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
落 *ɡ·raːɡ
各 *klaːɡ
胳 *klaːɡ
閣 *klaːɡ
格 *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ
擱 *klaːɡ
恪 *kʰlaːɡ
愙 *kʰaːɡ
貉 *ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ
狢 *ɡlaːɡ
佫 *ɡlaːɡ
略 *ɡ·raɡ
茖 *kraːɡ
骼 *kraːɡ
觡 *kraːɡ
蛒 *kraːɡ
敋 *kraːɡ
客 *kʰraːɡ
喀 *kʰraːɡ
揢 *kʰraːɡ
額 *ŋɡraːɡ
峉 *ŋɡraːɡ
頟 *ŋɡraːɡ
詻 *ŋɡraːɡ
垎 *ɡraːɡ
楁 *ɡraːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 夂 (“sole of foot”) + 口 – to come, to enter; original form of 𢓜 and 格 (OC *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ). The mouth could be referred to the entrance of a cavern or building (see 高, 去 and 谷; however, this is not the case in 向). Compare 出.

Etymology

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Sino-Tibetan. Derived from 舉 (OC kaʔ) with distributive suffix -k. Cognate with Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ka (“all”) (Schuessler, 2007)

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • gah6 - vernacular (e.g. 各儂);
  • gorh6 - literary (e.g. 各自).
Note:
  • koh - vernacular;
  • kok - literary.
Note: 7kaoq - old-style in Jiading.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 各
Mandarin Beijing /kɤ⁵¹/
Harbin /kɤ⁵³/
Tianjin /kɤ⁵³/
Jinan /kə²¹/
Qingdao /kuə⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /kɤ²⁴/
Xi'an /kɤ²¹/
Xining /kɔ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kə¹³/
Lanzhou /kə¹³/
Ürümqi /kɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /ko³⁵/
Chengdu /ko³¹/
Guiyang /ko²¹/
Kunming /ko³¹/
Nanjing /koʔ⁵/
Hefei /kɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /kaʔ²/
Pingyao /kʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /kaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /koʔ⁵/
Suzhou /koʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /koʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /ko²¹³/
Hui Shexian /kɔʔ²¹/
Tunxi /ko⁵/
/kʰo⁵/
Xiang Changsha /ko²⁴/
Xiangtan /ko²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /kɔʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kok̚¹/
Taoyuan /kok̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kɔk̚³/
Nanning /kɔk̚³³/
Hong Kong /kɔk̚³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kɔk̚³²/
/koʔ³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kɔʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kɔ²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kak̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ko³³/ ～自
/ko⁵⁵/ ～個
Rime
Character 各
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 鐸 (103)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古落切
Baxter kak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɑk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kɑk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kak̚/
Li
Rong 		/kɑk̚/
Wang
Li 		/kɑk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kɑk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ge
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gok3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 各
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kak ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kˁak/
English each

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 各
Reading # 1/1
No. 3881
Phonetic
component 		各
Rime
group 		鐸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		各
Old
Chinese 		/*klaːɡ/

Definitions

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各

  1. each; every (determiner)
    各種各樣／各种各样  ―  gèzhǒnggèyàng  ―  all sorts
    各位  ―  gèwèi  ―  everyone present; you all; everybody
    Synonym: 每 (měi)
  2. each (adverb)
    各盡其責／各尽其责  ―  gè jìn qí zé  ―  each fulfils his/her responsibilities
  3. a surname

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (各):
  • → Vietnamese: các (各)

Pronunciation 2

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Definitions

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各

  1. (dialectal, derogatory) sticking out; odd; unusual
  2. used in 自各兒／自各儿

Synonyms

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  • (sticking out):

Compounds

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Further reading

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Japanese

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Kanji

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各

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. each
  2. every
  3. either

Readings

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  • Go-on: かく (kaku, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: かく (kaku, Jōyō)
  • Kun: おのおの (onoono, 各, Jōyō)、おの (ono, 各)

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
各
かく
Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 各 (MC kak).

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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各(かく) • (kaku-) 

  1. each
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
各
おのおの
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 各 – see the following entry.
【各々おのおの】
[noun] each, every
[pronoun] you all
(This term, 各, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

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  1. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 各 (MC kak).

Historical readings

Hanja

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各 (eumhun 각각 각 (gakgak gak))

  1. hanja form? of 각 (“each”)

Tày

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Determiner

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各 (các)

  1. Nôm form of các (“Plural marker”).
    各𫰇咳各娘
    Các noọng ới các nàng
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

References

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  • Dương Nhật Thanh; Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003), Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎[3] (in Tày and Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học xã hội [Social Sciences Publishing House]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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各: Hán Việt readings: các[1][2][3], cách[1]
各: Nôm readings: các[1][2], gác[1][3], cắc[1][4], gạc[1][4], gật[3][4]

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hồ (1976).
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