酪

酪	U+916A, 酪 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-916A

酪	U+F919, 酪 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F919

← 落
[U+F918]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

駱 →
[U+F91A]

Translingual

Han character

酪 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一田竹水口 (MWHER), four-corner 1766₄, composition ⿰酉各)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1282, character 22
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39847
Dae Jaweon: page 1782, character 19
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3581, character 12
Unihan data for U+916A

Unihan data for U+F919

Chinese

trad.		酪
simp. ^#		酪

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 酪
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (各) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
髂	*kʰraːɡs
路	*ɡ·raːɡs
輅	*ɡ·raːɡs
賂	*ɡ·raːɡs
虂	*ɡ·raːɡs
露	*ɡ·raːɡs
潞	*raːɡs
鷺	*raːɡs
璐	*raːɡs
簬	*raːɡs
簵	*ɡ·raːɡs
洛	*ɡ·raːɡ
駱	*ɡ·raːɡ
絡	*ɡ·raːɡ
酪	*ɡ·raːɡ
烙	*ɡ·raːɡ
雒	*ɡ·raːɡ
珞	*ɡ·raːɡ
硌	*ɡ·raːɡ
袼	ɡ·raːɡ, klaːɡ
笿	*ɡ·raːɡ
鉻	ɡ·raːɡ, kraːɡ
鮥	*ɡ·raːɡ
鵅	ɡ·raːɡ, kraːɡ
挌	ɡ·raːɡ, kraːɡ
落	*ɡ·raːɡ
各	*klaːɡ
胳	*klaːɡ
閣	*klaːɡ
格	klaːɡ, kraːɡ
擱	*klaːɡ
恪	*kʰlaːɡ
愙	*kʰaːɡ
貉	ɡlaːɡ, mɡraːɡ
狢	*ɡlaːɡ
佫	*ɡlaːɡ
略	*ɡ·raɡ
茖	*kraːɡ
骼	*kraːɡ
觡	*kraːɡ
蛒	*kraːɡ
敋	*kraːɡ
客	*kʰraːɡ
喀	*kʰraːɡ
揢	*kʰraːɡ
額	*ŋɡraːɡ
峉	*ŋɡraːɡ
頟	*ŋɡraːɡ
詻	*ŋɡraːɡ
垎	*ɡraːɡ
楁	*ɡraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡ·raːɡ): phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ) + semantic 酉 (“alcohol; fermented drink”)

Etymology

Unknown. Possibly from a Central Asian language; compare Mongolian айраг (ajrag, “fermented milk of mares”), Uzbek pishloq (“cheese”) and Turkish ayran (“yoghurt mixed with water”). The phonetic similarity between Chinese 酪 (OC *ɡ·raːɡ, “milk”), Ancient Greek γάλα (gála, “milk”) and Latin lac (“milk”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵlákts (“milk”) is worth noting (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lào, luò

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄠˋ, ㄌㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lok³ / lou⁶ / lok⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): lok

(Hailu, HRS): log
Eastern Min (BUC): lŏk
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lo̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): log⁸
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁸loq / ⁸laoq
- (Jinhua): ⁸loq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lào
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lào
  - Wade–Giles: lao⁴
  - Yale: làu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: law
  - Palladius: лао (lao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: luò
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: luò
  - Wade–Giles: lo⁴
  - Yale: lwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luoh
  - Palladius: ло (lo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu̯ɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: lok³ / lou⁶ / lok⁶
  - Yale: lok / louh / lohk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lok⁸ / lou⁶ / lok⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: log³ / lou⁶ / log⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔːk̚³/, /lou̯²²/, /lɔːk̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lok
  - Hakka Romanization System: log^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: log⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /lok̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: log
  - Sinological IPA: /lok⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lŏk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ouʔ⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lo̍k
  - Tâi-lô: lo̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lok
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /lɔk̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔk̚²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔk̚¹²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /lɔk̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔk̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: log⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lo̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lok̚⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Chongming, Suzhou, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu: ⁸loq
  - MiniDict: loh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵loq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /loʔ¹²/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /loʔ¹²/
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ɦloʔ²/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /loʔ²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /loʔ²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /loʔ²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /loʔ²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /loʔ²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /loʔ¹²/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /loʔ¹²/
- (Northern: Songjiang)
  - Wugniu: ⁸laoq
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /lɒʔ²²/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ⁸loq
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /loʔ²¹²/

Middle Chinese: lak

Rime
Character	酪
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	鐸 (103)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	盧各切
Baxter	lak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lak̚/
Li Rong	/lɑk̚/
Wang Li	/lɑk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	luò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lok⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	酪
Reading #	1/1
No.	3869
Phonetic component	各
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	落
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·raːɡ/

Definitions

酪

junket
奶酪 ― nǎilào ― cheese
paste
杏仁酪 ― xìngrénlào ― almond jelly
(literary, obsolete) vinegar
(literary, obsolete) wine; liquor

Compounds

乳酪 (rǔlào)
乾酪 / 干酪 (gānlào)
優酪乳 / 优酪乳 (yōulàorǔ)
奶酪 (nǎilào)
牛酪 (niúlào)
酥酪
酪乳 (làorǔ)
酪奴
酪梨 (làolí)
酪漿 / 酪浆 (làojiāng)
酪素
酪蛋白 (làodànbái)
酪農 / 酪农 (làonóng)
酪農業 / 酪农业
酪酥
酪酸 (làosuān)
酸凝酪 (suānnínglào)
酸酪乳

Japanese

Kanji

酪

(Jōyō kanji)

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Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

酪 • (rak>nak) (hangeul 락>낙)

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Vietnamese

Han character

酪: Hán Nôm readings: lạc

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References

Nom Foundation