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路

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
路 U+8DEF, 路
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8DEF
← 跮
[U+8DEE] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 跰 →
[U+8DF0]
路 U+F937, 路
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F937
← 虜
[U+F936] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 露 →
[U+F938]

Translingual

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Stroke order
13 strokes

Han character

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路 (Kangxi radical 157, 足+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 口一竹水口 (RMHER), four-corner 67164, composition ⿰𧾷各)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1225, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 37524
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1697, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3704, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+8DEF

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 路
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 路
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (各) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
髂 *kʰraːɡs
路 *ɡ·raːɡs
輅 *ɡ·raːɡs
賂 *ɡ·raːɡs
虂 *ɡ·raːɡs
露 *ɡ·raːɡs
潞 *raːɡs
鷺 *raːɡs
璐 *raːɡs
簬 *raːɡs
簵 *ɡ·raːɡs
洛 *ɡ·raːɡ
駱 *ɡ·raːɡ
絡 *ɡ·raːɡ
酪 *ɡ·raːɡ
烙 *ɡ·raːɡ
雒 *ɡ·raːɡ
珞 *ɡ·raːɡ
硌 *ɡ·raːɡ
袼 *ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ
笿 *ɡ·raːɡ
鉻 *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
鮥 *ɡ·raːɡ
鵅 *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
挌 *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
落 *ɡ·raːɡ
各 *klaːɡ
胳 *klaːɡ
閣 *klaːɡ
格 *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ
擱 *klaːɡ
恪 *kʰlaːɡ
愙 *kʰaːɡ
貉 *ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ
狢 *ɡlaːɡ
佫 *ɡlaːɡ
略 *ɡ·raɡ
茖 *kraːɡ
骼 *kraːɡ
觡 *kraːɡ
蛒 *kraːɡ
敋 *kraːɡ
客 *kʰraːɡ
喀 *kʰraːɡ
揢 *kʰraːɡ
額 *ŋɡraːɡ
峉 *ŋɡraːɡ
頟 *ŋɡraːɡ
詻 *ŋɡraːɡ
垎 *ɡraːɡ
楁 *ɡraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡ·raːɡs): semantic 足 + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ).

Etymology

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    Either related to 格 (OC *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ, “to come, to arrive (obsolete)”) (Baxter, 1992) or from Proto-Austroasiatic *kraʔ (“road, way”) (Schuessler, 2007), whence Proto-Vietic *kraːʔ (→ fossilized Vietnamese sá & Muong khá (“road, way”)), Chong [script needed] (khraa), Kuy [script needed] ((k)na), and Proto-Waic *kraʔ. Possibly cognate with 略 (OC *ɡ·raɡ).

    "-year-old, in multiples of ten"
    Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 路(じ) (ji). See Japanese 三十路(みそじ) (misoji).

    Pronunciation

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    Note:
    • diō̤ - colloquial;
    • lū - literary.
    Note:
    • diô - colloquial;
    • lô - literary.
    Note:
    • dou5 - colloquial (the etymological character may be 墿;
    • lou5 - literary.
    Note:
    • leu1 - vernacular;
    • lu7 - literary.
    Note:
    • lou5 - vernacular;
    • lou4 - literary.
    Rime
    Character 路
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 來 (37)
    Final (韻) 模 (23)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 洛故切
    Baxter luH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/luoH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/luoH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/loH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/lɔH/
    Li
    Rong         		/loH/
    Wang
    Li         		/luH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/luoH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		lù
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		lou6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 路
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		lù
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ luH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*Cə.rˁak-s/
    English road

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 路
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 3856
    Phonetic
    component         		各
    Rime
    group         		暮
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		路
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡ·raːɡs/

    Definitions

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    路

    1. road; path; street (Classifier: 條／条 m c mn)
      修路  ―  xiūlù  ―  to build a road
    2. pattern; arrangement; sequence
      思路  ―  sīlù  ―  train of thought
      紋路／纹路  ―  wénlù  ―  veined pattern
    3. way; method
      生路  ―  shēnglù  ―  means of livelihood; way of subsistence
    4. journey
      回家的路很遠。／回家的路很远。  ―  Huíjiā de lù hěn yuǎn.  ―  It's a long journey to return home.
      佢身體好虛，行幾步路都會暈。 [Cantonese, trad.]
      佢身体好虚，行几步路都会晕。 [Cantonese, simp.]
      keoi5 san1 tai2 hou2 heoi1, haang4 gei2 bou6 lou6 dou1 wui5 wan4. [Jyutping]
      His body is very weak, walking only a few steps already makes him dizzy.
      還有一公里的路要走。 [MSC, trad.]
      还有一公里的路要走。 [MSC, simp.]
      Háiyǒu yī gōnglǐ de lù yào zǒu. [Pinyin]
      There's one more kilometer ahead (of the path)
    5. route
      三路進軍／三路进军  ―  sān lù jìnjūn  ―  to advance along three routes
      12路公交車／12路公交车  ―  12 lù gōngjiāochē  ―  No. 12 bus
    6. kind; type
    7. region
      各路人馬／各路人马  ―  gè lù rénmǎ  ―  people from different places
    8. Classifier for lines or rows.
    9. -year-old, in multiples of ten; decade(s) of one's life; Used for describing the style of people in such age range.
      三十路大叔  ―  sānshílù dàshū  ―  a man in his thirties
    10. (historical) circuit (an administrative unit during the Song and Yuan dynasties)
    11. a surname

    Synonyms

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    Dialectal synonyms of 路 (“road; path”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 路, 道路
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 道兒, 路
    Taiwan 路
    Chifeng 路
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 路
    Harbin 路, 道兒
    Shenyang 路
    Malaysia 路
    Singapore 路
    Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 路, 道
    Tangshan 路
    Cangzhou 路
    Baoding 路, 道兒
    Shijiazhuang 路
    Weifang (Weicheng) 路
    Weifang (Fangzi) 路
    Changle 道兒
    Shouguang 道兒
    Wulian 路
    Jinan 道, 路
    Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 道
    Qingdao 路, 道兒
    Weifang (Hanting) 道兒, 道路兒
    Changyi 道兒
    Gaomi 道兒, 路
    Zhucheng 路
    Anqiu 路
    Linqu 道兒
    Qingzhou 道兒
    Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 路
    Wanrong 路
    Zhengzhou 路
    Xi'an 路
    Xining 路
    Yanqi 路
    Xuzhou 路
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 路
    Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 路
    Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 路
    Lanzhou 路
    Ürümqi 路
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 路
    Chongqing 路
    Wuhan 路
    Guiyang 路
    Kunming 路
    Guilin 路
    Pingle 路
    Liuzhou 路
    Luzhai 路
    Nanning (Wuming) 路
    Binyang (Nanjie) 路
    Hechi (Yizhou) 路, 半邊路
    Luocheng (Dongmen) 路
    Tianlin (Langping) 路
    Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 路
    Yangzhou 路
    Nantong 路
    Hefei 路
    Cantonese Guangzhou 路
    Hong Kong 路
    Macau 路
    Taishan 路
    Taishan (Guanghai) 路
    Dongguan 路
    Yunfu 路
    Yangjiang 路
    Maoming (Xinpo) 路
    Nanning 路
    Wuzhou 路
    Yulin 路
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 路
    Hepu (Shatian) 路
    Guiping (Jintian) 路
    Guiping (Jiangkou) 路
    Guiping (Madong) 路
    Baise 路
    Qinzhou 路
    Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 路
    Beihai 路
    Beihai (Nankang) 路
    Beihai (Yingpan) 路
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 路
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 路
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 路
    Chongzuo (Laituan) 路
    Fusui (Qujiu) 路
    Sanya (Yanglan; Maihua) 路
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 路
    Singapore (Guangfu) 路
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 路
    Móng Cái 路
    Mandalay (Taishan) 路
    Gan Nanchang 路
    Pengze 路
    Lichuan 路
    Pingxiang 路
    Hakka Meixian 路
    Yudu 路
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 路
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 路
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 路
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 路
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 路
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 路
    Fumian (Xisha, Xinqiao) 路
    Luchuan (Daqiao) 路
    Luchuan (Sihe, Hengshan) 路
    Luchuan (Wushi) 路
    Bobai (Shahe) 路
    Bobai (Longtan) 路
    Bobai (Lingping) 路
    Bobai (Cuntou, Xintian) 路
    Beiliu (Gonghe, Xilang) 路
    Beiliu (Mumian, Xilang) 路
    Xingye (Gaofeng) 路
    Rongxian (Xiandi) 路
    Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) 路
    Senai (Huiyang) 路
    Kuching (Hepo) 路
    Singkawang 路
    Huizhou Jixi 路
    Shexian 路
    Jin Taiyuan 道兒, 路, 路兒
    Datong 路, 道兒
    Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) 路
    Xinzhou 道, 路
    Changzhi 路
    Linhe 路
    Jining 路
    Hohhot 路
    Zhangjiakou 路
    Handan 路
    Northern Min Jian'ou 墿
    Jian'ou (Dikou) 墿
    Songxi 墿
    Zhenghe 墿
    Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 墿
    Jianyang 墿
    Wuyishan 墿
    Pucheng (Shibei) 路
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 墿
    Fuzhou (Changle) 墿
    Lianjiang 墿
    Fuqing 墿
    Yongtai 墿
    Minqing 墿
    Gutian 墿
    Luoyuan 墿
    Fu'an 墿
    Ningde 墿
    Shouning 墿
    Zhouning 墿
    Fuding 墿
    Matsu 墿
    Southern Min Xiamen 路
    Quanzhou 路
    Yongchun 路
    Zhangzhou 路
    Zhao'an 路
    Tainan 路
    Singapore (Hokkien) 路
    Manila (Hokkien) 路
    Longyan 路
    Datian 路
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 路
    Pingnan (Pingtian) 路
    Guiping (Xiaowen) 路
    Guiping (Dongsheng) 路
    Guilin (Biyange) 路
    Chaozhou 路
    Bangkok (Teochew) 路
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 路
    Singapore (Teochew) 路
    Leizhou 路
    Haikou 路
    Puxian Min Putian 墿
    Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 墿
    Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 墿
    Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 墿
    Xianyou 墿
    Xianyou (Fengting) 墿
    Xianyou (Youyang) 墿
    Central Min Yong'an 墿
    Sanming (Shaxian) 墿
    Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) 墿
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 路
    Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 路
    Guilin (Dabu) 路
    Guilin (Wutong, Lingui) 路
    Guilin (Liangjiang, Lingui) 路
    Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) 路
    Lingchuan (Sanjie) 路
    Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) 路
    Shehua Fu'an 路
    Fuding 路
    Luoyuan 路
    Sanming 路
    Shunchang 路
    Hua'an 路
    Guixi (Zhangping) 路
    Cangnan 路
    Jingning (Hexi) 路
    Lishui 路
    Longyou 路
    Chaozhou 路
    Fengshun 路
    Wu Shanghai 路
    Shanghai (Chongming) 路
    Suzhou 路
    Danyang 路
    Hangzhou 路
    Ningbo 路
    Wenzhou 路
    Jinhua 路
    Yiwu 路
    Xiang Changsha 路
    Loudi 路
    Shuangfeng 路
    Quanzhou 路

    Compounds

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    References

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

    [edit]
    路

    (Third grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. road, path, street
    2. journey
    3. way, method
    4. important position

    Readings

    [edit]
    • Go-on: る (ru)
    • Kan-on: ろ (ro, Jōyō)
    • Kun: じ (ji, 路, Jōyō)←ぢ (di, ぢ, historical)、ち (chi, 路)、みち (michi, 路)、くるま (kuruma, 路)

    Compounds

    [edit]
    Compounds

    Etymology 1

    [edit]
    Kanji in this term
    路
    ち
    Grade: 3
    kun'yomi
    Alternative spelling
    道

    From Old Japanese.[1]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Suffix

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    路(ち) • (-chi) 

    1. (obsolete) attaches to place names, indicating a road to that place
      This usage has generally been replaced by 路(じ) (ji) below.
    Derived terms
    [edit]

    Etymology 2

    [edit]
    Kanji in this term
    路
    じ
    Grade: 3
    kun'yomi
    Alternative spelling
    道

    Originally a rendaku (連(れん)濁(だく)) form of 路(ち) (chi) above.[2]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Suffix

    [edit]

    路(じ) • (-ji) ←ぢ (-di)?

    1. a road, a street
      山(やま)路(じ)、長(なが)路(じ)
      yama-ji, naga-ji
      a mountain road, a long road
    2. attaches to place names, indicating a road to that place
      奈(な)良(ら)路(じ)
      Nara-ji
      road to Nara
    3. attaches to a time duration, indicating a trip taking that length of time
      四(よっ)日(か)路(じ)
      yokka-ji
      a four-day trip
    Derived terms
    [edit]
    Compounds

    Etymology 3

    [edit]
    Kanji in this term
    路
    みち
    Grade: 3
    kun'yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 路 – see the following entry.
    【道みち】2
    [noun] a way, a street, a road, an alley, a path, a pass for local traffic
    [noun] (figurative) a road, a path
    [noun] a way of doing something
    [proper noun] a female given name
    [proper noun] a surname
    Alternative spellings
    途, 径
    (This term, 路, is an alternative spelling (uncommon) of the above term.)

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean

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    Etymology

    [edit]

    From Middle Chinese 路 (MC luH).

    Historical readings
    Dongguk Jeongun reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 롱〮 (Yale: lwó)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 길〮 (Yale: kíl) 로〯 (Yale: lwŏ)

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɾo̞(ː)] ~ [no̞(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [로(ː)/노(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja

    [edit]

    路 (eumhun 길 로 (gil ro), word-initial (South Korea) 길 노 (gil no))

    1. hanja form? of 로/노 (“road, route; avenue, street”) [affix; suffix]

    Compounds

    [edit]
    Compounds

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

    [edit]

    路: Hán Việt readings: lộ[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
    路: Nôm readings: lọ[1][2][3][4][5][6][7], lựa[2][3][4][5][6][7], trò[1][2][3][4], lồ[1][3][4], lò[1], lộ[1], rùa[1], tù[1], lần[3], trọ[4]

    1. chữ Hán form of lộ (“(North Central Vietnam and xiangqi) road; street; path; way”)
    2. chữ Nôm form of lò (“kiln, furnace, oven”)
    3. chữ Nôm form of lọ
      1. small jar or vase that can be held in one hand
      2. (Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) soot
    4. chữ Nôm form of rùa (“turtle; tortoise”)
    5. chữ Nôm form of trò
      1. trick; artifice; antic
      2. short for học trò (“pupil”)

    References

    [edit]
    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Trần (2004).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Hồ (1976).
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Bonet (1899).
    6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Génibrel (1898).
    7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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