格

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格 U+683C, 格
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-683C
← 栻
[U+683B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 栽 →
[U+683D]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
10 strokes

Han character[edit]

格 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 木竹水口 (DHER), composition ⿰木各)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 524, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14749
  • Dae Jaweon: page 912, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1203, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+683C

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 格

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 格
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
格-oracle.svg 格-bronze.svg 格-silk.svg 格-seal.svg 格-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (各) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
髂 *kʰraːɡs
路 *ɡ·raːɡs
輅 *ɡ·raːɡs
賂 *ɡ·raːɡs
虂 *ɡ·raːɡs
露 *ɡ·raːɡs
潞 *raːɡs
鷺 *raːɡs
璐 *raːɡs
簬 *raːɡs
簵 *ɡ·raːɡs
洛 *ɡ·raːɡ
駱 *ɡ·raːɡ
絡 *ɡ·raːɡ
酪 *ɡ·raːɡ
烙 *ɡ·raːɡ
雒 *ɡ·raːɡ
珞 *ɡ·raːɡ
硌 *ɡ·raːɡ
袼 *ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ
笿 *ɡ·raːɡ
鉻 *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
鮥 *ɡ·raːɡ
鵅 *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
挌 *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
落 *ɡ·raːɡ
各 *klaːɡ
胳 *klaːɡ
閣 *klaːɡ
格 *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ
擱 *klaːɡ
恪 *kʰlaːɡ
愙 *kʰaːɡ
貉 *ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ
狢 *ɡlaːɡ
佫 *ɡlaːɡ
略 *ɡ·raɡ
茖 *kraːɡ
骼 *kraːɡ
觡 *kraːɡ
蛒 *kraːɡ
敋 *kraːɡ
客 *kʰraːɡ
喀 *kʰraːɡ
揢 *kʰraːɡ
額 *ŋɡraːɡ
峉 *ŋɡraːɡ
頟 *ŋɡraːɡ
詻 *ŋɡraːɡ
垎 *ɡraːɡ
楁 *ɡraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ): semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ).

Etymology 1[edit]

“to go; to come; to arrive”
Possibly cognate to Tibetan འགྲོ་བ། ('gro ba, “to go, walk, travel”), འགྲོ་བ་པོ ('gro ba po, “traveler”), འགྲོན་པ ('gron pa, “to go, travel”), མགྲོན (mgron, “guest”), མགྲོན་ཁང (mgron khang, “inn”) (Geilich, 1994). If so, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *grwat (“to go through, to travel”). However, STEDT does not compare this to Tibeto-Burman lexical items under *grwat.
Baxter (1992) proposes that this is related to 路 (OC *ɡ·raːɡs, “road”). Confer 客 (OC *kʰraːɡ, “guest, visitor”), 旅 (OC *ɡ·raʔ, “travel, lodge”), and 行 (OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋs, *ɡraːŋ, *ɡraːŋs, “to go”)
“to obstruct; to hinder”
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
“frame; square”
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
“style; form; pattern; standard; personality; character”
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Semantically derived from "square, frame" sense?”)

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: gaak3-2 - "square".
Note:
  • kak/gag5 - "square";
  • kiet/kiat/gêd5 - other senses (including "pattern", "personality").
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
    • Note:
    • gáh - vernacular;
    • gáik - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • keh/keeh - vernacular;
    • kek/kiak - literary.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 格 格
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Initial (聲) 見 (28) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 鐸 (103) 陌 (113)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open Open
    Division (等) I II
    Fanqie 古落切 古伯切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kɑk̚/ /kˠæk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kɑk̚/ /kᵚak̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kɑk̚/ /kak̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kak̚/ /kaɨjk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/kɑk̚/ /kɐk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/kɑk̚/ /kɐk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kɑk̚/ /kɐk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		ge ge
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		gok3 gak1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 格
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		gé
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kæk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kˁrak/
    English go to

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 格 格
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    No. 3885 3894
    Phonetic
    component         		各 各
    Rime
    group         		鐸 鐸
    Rime
    subdivision         		0 0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		各 格
    Old
    Chinese         		/*klaːɡ/ /*kraːɡ/

    Definitions[edit]

    格

    1. (literary, or in compounds) pattern; standard; form; style
      表格  ―  biǎogé  ―  table; form
      規格 / 规格  ―  guīgé  ―  standard; norm
    2. square; frame
    3. (literary, or in compounds) special property; personality; character
      風格 / 风格  ―  fēnggé  ―  personality; style
      性格  ―  xìnggé  ―  temperament; nature
    4. (grammar) case
    5. (mathematics) lattice; grid; cross-hatch; checkers
      網格 / 网格  ―  wǎnggé  ―  mesh; lattice
      格子  ―  gézǐ  ―  checkers; lattice
    6. (literary) to beat; to lash; to strike; to hit
    7. † to come; to arrive; to go to
    8. † to obstruct; to hinder
    9. † to investigate
    10. 22nd tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "resistance" (𝌛)
    11. A surname​.

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (standard):
    edit
    Synonyms of 格
    • (special property):
    edit
    • (to beat):
    edit

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 格

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Onomatopoeic.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    格

    1. An onomatopoeia.

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 3[edit]

    From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ka(:)k (“fork, branch, crotch”). Cognate with Apatani á-ha (“branch”), Mizo kâk (“fork of a tree”), Burmese အခက် (a.hkak, “tree branch”).

    Attested since the Northern and Southern dynasties period. According to Schuessler (2007), the word may be much older as the graph already appeared in Zhou texts and was intended to mean "branch" (with 木 radical).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    格

    1. † tree branch

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    格

    (grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    格
    かく
    Grade: 5
    kan’on

    格(かく) • (kaku) 

    1. status, rank
    2. (grammar) case (of a word)
    3. capacity
    4. character
    5. case (law)

    Proper noun[edit]

    格(いたる) • (Itaru) 

    1. A male given name

    格(かく) • (Kaku) 

    1. A male given name

    格(とおる) • (Tōru) 

    1. A male given name

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 格 (MC kˠæk̚).

    Hanja[edit]

    格 (eumhun 바로잡을 격 (barojabeul gyeok))

    1. Hanja form? of 격 (“status”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    格 (eumhun 가지 각 (gaji gak))

    1. (literary Chinese) Hanja form? of 각 (“tree branch”).

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    格: Hán Nôm readings: cách, ghếch

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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