格

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格 U+683C, 格
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-683C
← 栻
[U+683B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 栽 →
[U+683D]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
10 strokes

Han character[edit]

格 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 木竹水口 (DHER), composition ⿰木各)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 524, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14749
  • Dae Jaweon: page 912, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1203, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+683C

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 格

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 格
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (各) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
髂 *kʰraːɡs
路 *ɡ·raːɡs
輅 *ɡ·raːɡs
賂 *ɡ·raːɡs
虂 *ɡ·raːɡs
露 *ɡ·raːɡs
潞 *raːɡs
鷺 *raːɡs
璐 *raːɡs
簬 *raːɡs
簵 *ɡ·raːɡs
洛 *ɡ·raːɡ
駱 *ɡ·raːɡ
絡 *ɡ·raːɡ
酪 *ɡ·raːɡ
烙 *ɡ·raːɡ
雒 *ɡ·raːɡ
珞 *ɡ·raːɡ
硌 *ɡ·raːɡ
袼 *ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ
笿 *ɡ·raːɡ
鉻 *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
鮥 *ɡ·raːɡ
鵅 *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
挌 *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
落 *ɡ·raːɡ
各 *klaːɡ
胳 *klaːɡ
閣 *klaːɡ
格 *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ
擱 *klaːɡ
恪 *kʰlaːɡ
愙 *kʰaːɡ
貉 *ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ
狢 *ɡlaːɡ
佫 *ɡlaːɡ
略 *ɡ·raɡ
茖 *kraːɡ
骼 *kraːɡ
觡 *kraːɡ
蛒 *kraːɡ
敋 *kraːɡ
客 *kʰraːɡ
喀 *kʰraːɡ
揢 *kʰraːɡ
額 *ŋɡraːɡ
峉 *ŋɡraːɡ
頟 *ŋɡraːɡ
詻 *ŋɡraːɡ
垎 *ɡraːɡ
楁 *ɡraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ): semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ).

Etymology 1[edit]

“to go; to come; to arrive”
Possibly cognate to Tibetan འགྲོ་བ། ('Gro ba., “to go, walk, travel”), འགྲོ་བ་པོ ('gro ba po, “traveler”), འགྲོན་པ ('gron pa, “to go, travel”), མགྲོན (mgron, “guest”), མགྲོན་ཁང (mgron khang, “inn”) (Geilich, 1994). If so, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *grwat (“to go through, to travel”). However, STEDT does not compare this to Tibeto-Burman lexical items under *grwat.
Baxter (1992) proposes that this is related to 路 (OC *ɡ·raːɡs, “road”). Compare 客 (OC *kʰraːɡ, “guest, visitor”), 旅 (OC *ɡ·raʔ, “travel, lodge”), and 行 (OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋs, *ɡraːŋ, *ɡraːŋs, “to go”)
“to obstruct; to hinder”
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
“frame; square”
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
“style; form; pattern; standard; personality; character”
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Semantically derived from "square, frame" sense?”)

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: gaak3-2 - "square".
Note:
  • kak/gag5 - "square";
  • kiet/kiat/gêd5 - other senses (including "pattern", "personality").
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
    • Note:
    • gáh - vernacular;
    • gáik - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • keh/keeh - vernacular;
    • kek/kiak/kerk - literary.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 格 格
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Initial (聲) 見 (28) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 唐 (103) 庚 (113)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open Open
    Division (等) I II
    Fanqie 古落切 古伯切
    Baxter kak kaek
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kɑk̚/ /kˠæk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kɑk̚/ /kᵚak̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kɑk̚/ /kak̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kak̚/ /kaɨjk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/kɑk̚/ /kɐk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/kɑk̚/ /kɐk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kɑk̚/ /kɐk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		ge ge
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		gok3 gak1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 格
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		gé
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kæk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kˁrak/
    English go to

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 格 格
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    No. 3885 3894
    Phonetic
    component         		各 各
    Rime
    group         		鐸 鐸
    Rime
    subdivision         		0 0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		各 格
    Old
    Chinese         		/*klaːɡ/ /*kraːɡ/

    Definitions[edit]

    格

    1. (literary, or in compounds) pattern; standard; form; style
      表格  ―  biǎogé  ―  table; form
      規格／规格  ―  guīgé  ―  standard; norm
    2. square; frame
    3. (literary, or in compounds) special property; personality; character (Can we add an example for this sense?) (particularly for the "personality" in literary form)
      風格／风格  ―  fēnggé  ―  personality; style
      性格  ―  xìnggé  ―  temperament; nature
    4. (grammar) case
      共格  ―  gònggé  ―  comitative case
    5. (mathematics) lattice; grid; cross-hatch; checkers
      網格／网格  ―  wǎnggé  ―  mesh; lattice
      格子  ―  gézǐ  ―  checkers; lattice
    6. (literary) to beat; to lash; to strike; to hit
    7. (Cantonese) partitioned cell
      臭格 [Cantonese]  ―  cau3 gaak3 [Jyutping]  ―  holding cell (literally, “stinky cell”)
      病格 [Cantonese]  ―  beng6 gaak3 [Jyutping]  ―  patient bay area
    8. † to come; to arrive; to go to
    9. † to obstruct; to hinder
    10. † to investigate
    11. 22nd tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "resistance" (𝌛)
    12. a surname

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (standard):
    • (special property):
    • (to beat):

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Onomatopoeic.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    格

    1. An onomatopoeia.

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 3[edit]

    From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ka(:)k (“fork, branch, crotch”). Cognate with Apatani á-ha (“branch”), Mizo kâk (“fork of a tree”), Burmese အခက် (a.hkak, “tree branch”).

    Attested since the Northern and Southern dynasties period. According to Schuessler (2007), the word may be much older as the graph already appeared in Zhou texts and was intended to mean "branch" (with 木 radical).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    格

    1. † tree branch

    Etymology 4[edit]

    Checked-tone variant of 個／个.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

    Definitions[edit]

    格 (Wu)

    1. this
      格是啥西？ [Hangzhounese, trad. and simp.]
      What is this?
    2. Alternative form of 個／个 (possessive particle)
    Synonyms[edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 的 (“possessive particle”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 之
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 的
    Mandarin Beijing 的
    Taiwan 的
    Chengdu 的
    Guilin 的
    Malaysia 的
    Singapore 的
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 的
    Dagudi (Maliba) 的
    Reshuitang (Longling) 的
    Mae Salong (Lancang) 的
    Mae Sai (Tengchong) 的
    Pematangsiantar 的
    Cantonese Guangzhou 嘅 †
    Hong Kong 嘅 †
    Macau 嘅 †
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 嘅
    Taishan 個, 嘅
    Beihai 個
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 個
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 嘅
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 個
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 嘅
    Penang (Guangfu) 嘅
    Singapore (Guangfu) 嘅
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 嘅
    Móng Cái 個
    Gan Nanchang 個
    Hakka Meixian 個
    Wuhua (Meilin) 個
    Nanxiong (Zhuji) 個
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 個
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 個
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 個
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 個
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 個
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 個
    Kuching (Hepo) 嘅
    Huizhou Jixi 仂
    Jin Taiyuan 的
    Jiuxing Yumin Lanxi 個
    Min Bei Jian'ou 個
    Min Dong Fuzhou 其
    Min Nan Xiamen 個
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 個
    Quanzhou 個
    Zhangzhou 個
    Zhao'an 個
    Dongshan 個
    Taipei 個
    Kaohsiung 個
    Tainan 個
    Penang (Hokkien) 個
    Singapore (Hokkien) 個
    Manila (Hokkien) 個
    Chaozhou 個 †
    Shantou 個 †
    Jieyang 個 †
    Haifeng 個
    Singapore (Teochew) 個 †
    Leizhou 個
    Wenchang 個
    Singapore (Hainanese) 個
    Puxian Min Xianyou 兮
    Min Zhong Yong'an 兮
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 個 †
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 嘅
    Northern Pinghua Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) 嘅
    Wu Shanghai 個
    Suzhou 個
    Wuxi 個
    Hangzhou 的
    Ningbo 個
    Wenzhou 個
    Xiang Changsha 的
    Shaoyang 個
    Note † - may use corresponding classifier in certain contexts
    Dialectal synonyms of 這 (“this”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 此, 斯, 是, 之, 茲 anteclassical, 夫, 爾
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 這
    Mandarin Beijing 這
    Taiwan 這
    Tianjin 這
    Chengde 這
    Tangshan 這
    Cangzhou 這
    Baoding 這
    Shijiazhuang 這
    Chifeng 這
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 這
    Heihe 這
    Qiqihar 這
    Jiamusi 這
    Baicheng 這
    Changchun 這
    Tonghua 這
    Shenyang 這
    Dandong 這
    Jinzhou 這
    Dalian 這
    Yantai 這
    Qingdao 這
    Lijin 這
    Zhucheng 這
    Jinan 這
    Jining 這
    Shangqiu 這
    Yuanyang 這
    Zhengzhou 這
    Lingbao 這
    Xinyang 這
    Baihe 這
    Hanzhong 這
    Xi'an 這
    Baoji 這
    Yinchuan 這
    Tianshui 這
    Lanzhou 這
    Dunhuang 這
    Xining 這
    Hami 這
    Ürümqi 這
    Wuhan 這
    Yichang 這
    Tianmen 這
    Hong'an 這
    Chengdu 這
    Nanchong 這
    Dazhou 這
    Hanyuan 這
    Xichang 這
    Zigong 這
    Chongqing 這
    Guiyang 這
    Zunyi 這
    Bijie 這
    Liping 這
    Zhaotong 這
    Dali 這
    Kunming 這
    Mengzi 這
    Guilin 這
    Liuzhou 這
    Jishou 這
    Changde 這
    Xuzhou 這
    Pizhou 這
    Ganyu 這
    Fuyang 這
    Wuhu 這
    Yangzhou 這
    Baoying 這
    Lianyungang 這
    Donghai 這
    Huai'an (Huaiyin) 這
    Lianshui 這
    Xuyi 這
    Nanjing 這
    Hefei 這
    Nantong 這
    Rugao 這
    Yancheng 這
    Funing 這
    Sihong 這
    Taizhou 這
    Zhenjiang 這
    Malaysia 這
    Singapore 這
    Cantonese Guangzhou 呢, 依
    Hong Kong 呢, 依
    Macau 呢
    Taishan 該
    Dongguan 呢
    Yangjiang 果
    Nanning 阿
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 呢
    Singapore (Guangfu) 呢, 依
    Gan Nanchang 箇
    Nanchang (Wangcheng) 箇
    Anyi 箇
    Lushan 箇
    Duchang 箇
    Wuning (Quankou) 該
    Poyang 箇
    Yugan 該
    Wannian 該
    Yanshan 這
    Yichun 箇
    Yifeng 箇
    Gao'an 箇
    Fengxin 箇
    Shanggao 里
    Wanzai 箇
    Fengcheng 該
    Xinyu 該
    Fuzhou (Shangdundu) 該
    Fuzhou (Dongxiang) 箇
    Nancheng 箇
    Nanfeng 箇
    Yihuang 箇
    Lichuan 該
    Chongren 該
    Pingxiang 該
    Ji'an 蓋
    Taihe 箇
    Xiajiang 該
    Yingtan (Yujiang) 箇
    Guixi 箇
    Jianning 個
    Jinxian 箇
    Jinxi 箇
    Le'an 該
    Guangchang 改
    Suichuan 底
    Wan'an 介
    Jing'an 箇
    Zhangshu 該
    Xingan 個
    Fenyi 改
    Hakka Changting 爾
    Ninghua 只
    Qingliu 這
    Yudu 底
    Ningdu 底
    Ruijin 底
    Shicheng 底
    Xunwu 底
    Huichang 底
    Xingguo 界
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 這
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 這
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 這
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 這
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 這
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 這
    Hong Kong 這
    Huizhou Jixi 爾
    Shexian 這
    Wuyuan 伊
    Jin Taiyuan 這
    Yangyuan 這
    Datong 這
    Xinzhou 這
    Lishi 這
    Linfen 這
    Changzhi 這
    Linhe 這
    Jining 這
    Hohhot 這
    Erenhot 這
    Pingshan 這
    Zhangjiakou 這
    Handan 這
    Suide 這
    Min Bei Jian'ou 𱕇
    Min Dong Fuzhou 只, 者, 嚽
    Changle 這
    Lianjiang 這
    Fuqing 者
    Pingtan 這
    Yongtai 這
    Minqing 這
    Gutian 這
    Pingnan 這
    Luoyuan 這
    Fu'an 這
    Ningde 這
    Xiapu 這
    Zherong 這
    Shouning 這
    Zhouning 這
    Fuding 這
    Singapore (Fuqing) 這
    Min Nan Xiamen 這
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 這
    Quanzhou 只, 這
    Jinjiang 這
    Nan'an 這
    Shishi 這
    Hui'an 這
    Anxi 這
    Yongchun 這
    Dehua 這
    Zhangzhou 這
    Zhangzhou (Longhai) 這
    Zhangzhou (Changtai) 這
    Hua'an 這
    Nanjing 這
    Pinghe 這
    Zhangpu 這
    Yunxiao 這
    Zhao'an 只
    Dongshan 這
    Taipei 這
    Kinmen 這
    Penang (Hokkien) 這
    Singapore (Hokkien) 這
    Manila (Hokkien) 這
    Longyan 迄好
    Zhangping 這
    Chaozhou 只
    Shantou 只
    Jieyang 只
    Haifeng 只
    Singapore (Teochew) 只
    Batam (Teochew) 只
    Wenchang 這
    Haikou 這
    Singapore (Hainanese) 這
    Puxian Min Putian 只蜀
    Xianyou 只蜀
    Min Zhong Yong'an 這
    Shaxian 這
    Shaojiang Min Guangze 當
    Jiangle 者
    Mingxi 只
    Shunchang 這
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 亞
    Shehua Cangnan 這
    Jingning 個
    Wu Shanghai 搿, 迭 dated, 第 obsolete
    Shanghai (Chongming) 吉, 講, 葛 also that
    Shanghai (Songjiang) 搿
    Suzhou 該, 搿
    Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) 個
    Wuxi 意
    Changshu 俚
    Jiaxing 葛
    Jiashan 葛
    Pinghu 葛
    Haining (Yanguan) 葛
    Tongxiang 葛
    Haiyan 葛
    Changzhou 資
    Danyang 格
    Gaochun 格
    Huzhou 格
    Changxing 格
    Anji (Ancheng) 格
    Deqing 葛
    Hangzhou 葛
    Hangzhou (Yuhang) 葛
    Hangzhou (Lin'an) 葛
    Hangzhou (Fuyang) 葛
    Tonglu 葛
    Tonglu (Wusheng) 個個
    Shaoxing 咸
    Zhuji 咸
    Shengzhou 咸
    Xinchang 咸
    Ningbo 葛
    Zhenhai 葛
    Yuyao 耶
    Cixi 葛
    Huangyan 葛
    Tiantai 葛
    Sanmen 葛
    Wenling 葛, 格
    Wenzhou 個
    Yueqing 個
    Yongjia (Fenglin) 個
    Rui'an 個
    Pingyang 個
    Taishun 這
    Wencheng 個
    Lishui 已
    Qingtian 已
    Jinyun 已
    Songyang (Xiping) 益
    Yunhe 益
    Qingyuan 這
    Longquan 搭
    Suichang 益
    Jiangshan 益
    Changshan 益
    Kaihua 益
    Longyou 個
    Jinhua 等, 待
    Yiwu 吾
    Yongkang 個
    Pujiang 這, 吉
    Dongyang 個
    Wuyi 愛個
    Lanxi 個
    Shangrao 這
    Shangrao (Guangfeng) 伊
    Yushan 伊
    Xiang Changsha 咯
    Shuangfeng 咯

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    格

    (grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms

    Noun[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    格
    かく
    Grade: 5
    kan’on

    格(かく) • (kaku) 

    1. status, rank
    2. (grammar) case (of a word)
    3. capacity
    4. character
    5. case (law)

    Proper noun[edit]

    格(いたる) • (Itaru) 

    1. a male given name

    格(かく) • (Kaku) 

    1. a male given name

    格(とおる) • (Tōru) 

    1. a male given name

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 格 (MC kaek).

    Hanja[edit]

    格 (eumhun 바로잡을 격 (barojabeul gyeok))

    1. Hanja form? of 격 (“status”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    格 (eumhun 가지 각 (gaji gak))

    1. (literary Chinese) Hanja form? of 각 (“tree branch”).

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    格: Hán Nôm readings: cách, ghếch

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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