original

See also: Original

English

Etymology

From Middle English original, from Old French original, from Late Latin orīginālis (“primitive, original”), from Latin orīgō (“beginning, source, origin”); see origin.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /əˈɹɪdʒɪnəl/, /əˈɹɪdʒənəl/, /əˈɹɪdʒnəl/
• (obsolete) IPA^(key): /ɒˈɹɪdʒɪnəl/
• Hyphenation: ori‧gi‧nal, orig‧i‧nal

• Audio (US)

  (file)

Adjective

original (comparative more original, superlative most original)

1. (not comparable) Relating to the origin or beginning; preceding all others.

   the original state of mankind;  the original laws of a country;  the original inventor of a process

   • 1944, Miles Burton, chapter 5, in The Three Corpse Trick‎^[2], →ISBN, OCLC 3289313, OL 10563347W:

     The hovel stood in the centre of what had once been a vegetable garden, but was now a patch of rank weeds. Surrounding this, almost like a zareba, was an irregular ring of gorse and brambles, an unclaimed vestige of the original common.

2. (not comparable) First in a series of copies or versions.

   The original manuscript contained spelling errors which were fixed in later versions.

   This recording is by the original broadway cast.

   • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 1, in The China Governess‎^[3], →ISBN, OL 2004261W:

     The original family who had begun to build a palace to rival Nonesuch had died out before they had put up little more than the gateway, […].

   Synonym: initial

3. (not comparable) Newly created.

   Tonight we will hear an original work by one of our best composers.

4. (comparable) Fresh, different.

   The paper contains a number of original ideas about color perception.

5. (not comparable) Pioneering.

   Parker was one of the original bebop players.

6. (not comparable) Having a specified place or time as its origin.

   This kind of barbecue is original to North Carolina.

Synonyms

• autograph
• prototype

Antonyms

• (first in a series):
  • copy, reproduction, simile (imitation)
  • derivative (branch)
  • ultimate (last, extreme)

Derived terms

• originally
• original sin

 

Related terms

• aboriginal
• origin
• originality
• originate
• originative

 

Translations

relating to the origin or beginning

• Afrikaans: oorspronklik (af)
• Belarusian: арыгіна́льны (aryhinálʹny)
• Bulgarian: начален (bg) (načalen), първичен (bg) (pǎrvičen)
• Catalan: original (ca)
• Danish: oprindelig
• Dutch: oorspronkelijk (nl)
• French: originel (fr)
• Galician: orixinal
• German: ursprünglich (de), ur- (de)
• Greek: αρχικός (el) (archikós)

  Ancient: ἀρχηγικός (arkhēgikós)

• Hebrew: מְקוֹרִי‎ (he)

• Hungarian: eredeti (hu)
• Indonesian: orisinal (id)
• Italian: primitivo (it)
• Japanese: 元の (ja) (moto no)
• Korean: 처음의 (cheo'eum-ui)
• Latin: primitivus
• Ngazidja Comorian: -a aswili
• Portuguese: original (pt), originário (pt)
• Russian: первонача́льный (ru) (pervonačálʹnyj), исхо́дный (ru) (isxódnyj)
• Spanish: original (es)
• Tagalog: orihinal
• Ukrainian: пе́рві́сний (pérvísnyj)

first in a series

• Arabic: أَصْلِيّ‎ (ʾaṣliyy)
• Bulgarian: първоначален (bg) (pǎrvonačalen)
• Catalan: original (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 原 (zh) (yuán), 原始 (zh) (yuánshǐ)

• Czech: původní (cs)
• Dutch: origineel (nl), oorspronkelijk (nl)
• Finnish: alkuperäinen (fi), ensimmäinen (fi)
• French: original (fr)
• Galician: orixinal
• German: original (de)
• Greek: αρχικός (el) (archikós)

  Ancient: ἀρχηγικός (arkhēgikós)

• Hungarian: eredeti (hu)
• Italian: originale (it), primo (it)
• Japanese: 本来の (ja) (ほんらいの, honrai no)
• Korean: 최초(最初)의 (choecho-ui)
• Latin: originalis
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: original (no)

  Nynorsk: original, opphavleg

• Occitan: original (oc)

• Persian: اصلی‎ (fa) (asli), اریژینال‎ (orižinâl)
• Portuguese: original (pt)
• Russian: первонача́льный (ru) (pervonačálʹnyj), перви́чный (ru) (pervíčnyj), исхо́дный (ru) (isxódnyj), оригина́льный (ru) (originálʹnyj)
• Sanskrit: प्रथम (sa) (prathamá)
• Scottish Gaelic: tùsail
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: са̏мобӣтан, првобитни

  Roman: sȁmobītan (sh), prvobitni (sh)

• Spanish: original (es)
• Swedish: original-
• Tagalog: orihinal
• Vietnamese: gốc (vi)
• Walloon: prumî (wa)
• Yiddish: אָריגינעל‎ (originel)

newly created

• Bengali: অপূর্ব (bn) (ôpurb)
• Bulgarian: нов (bg) (nov), оригинален (bg) (originalen)
• Dutch: origineel (nl), oorspronkelijk (nl)
• Finnish: tuore (fi), alkuperäinen (fi)
• German: original (de)
• Greek: πρωτότυπος (el) (protótypos)
• Portuguese: original (pt)
• Russian: но́вый (ru) (nóvyj), све́жий (ru) (svéžij)

• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: са̏мобӣтан, но̏в

  Roman: sȁmobītan (sh), nȍv (sh)

• Spanish: original (es)
• Tagalog: orihinal
• Yiddish: אָריגינעל‎ (originel)

fresh, different

• Belarusian: арыгіна́льны (aryhinálʹny)
• Bengali: অপূর্ব (bn) (ôpurb)
• Bulgarian: оригинален (bg) (originalen)
• Catalan: original (ca)
• Danish: original
• Dutch: origineel (nl), oorspronkelijk (nl)
• Finnish: tuore (fi), omaperäinen (fi), originelli (fi), omintakeinen (fi)
• French: original (fr)
• German: originell (de)
• Greek: πρωτότυπος (el) (protótypos)
• Hebrew: מְקוֹרִי‎ (he)
• Italian: originale (it), inedito (it)
• Latin: novitatis

• Japanese: 独創的な (どくそうてき-な, dokusōteki-na)
• Korean: 신선(新鮮)하다 (ko) (sinseonhada)
• Portuguese: original (pt)
• Russian: све́жий (ru) (svéžij), своеобра́зный (ru) (svojeobráznyj), оригина́льный (ru) (originálʹnyj)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: све̏ж

  Roman: svȅž (sh)

• Spanish: original (es)
• Swedish: originell (sv)
• Tagalog: orihinal
• Ukrainian: оригіна́льний (uk) (oryhinálʹnyj), своєрі́дний (svojerídnyj)
• Yiddish: אָריגינעל‎ (originel)

pioneering

• Dutch: origineel (nl), vernieuwend (nl)
• Finnish: alkuperäinen (fi), ensimmäinen (fi)
• French: original (fr)
• German: ursprünglich (de)

• Greek: πρωτοποριακός (el) (protoporiakós)
• Italian: primo (it)
• Spanish: original (es)
• Tagalog: orihinal

having as its origin

• Dutch: afkomstig (nl)
• Finnish: peräisin (fi)
• German: ursprünglich (de)
• Italian: originario (it)
• Maori: taketake

• Scottish Gaelic: tùsail
• Spanish: original (es)
• Swedish: ursprunglig (sv)
• Tagalog: orihinal

Translations to be checked

• Esperanto: ^{(please verify)} origina
• French: ^{(please verify)} original (fr)

• Korean: ^{(please verify)} 원래 (ko) (wollae) (wollae)
• Spanish: ^{(please verify)} original (es)
• Swedish: ^{(please verify)} original- (1), ^{(please verify)} ursprunglig (sv) (1), ^{(please verify)} originell (sv) (3)

Noun

original (plural originals)

1. An object or other creation (e.g. narrative work) from which all later copies and variations are derived.

   Synonym: prototype

   Hyponym: autograph

   Antonyms: copy, derivative, remake, reproduction, ultimate

   This manuscript is the original.

2. A person with a unique and interesting personality or creative talent.
   • 1700, Tom Brown, Amusements Serious and Comical, calculated for the Meridian of London, page 5:

     I have a great mind to be in Print; but above all, I would fain be an Original, and that is a true Comical Thought: When all the Learned Men in the World are but Tranſlators, is it not a Pleaſant Jeſt, that you ſhould ſtrive to be an Original! You ſhould have obſerved your Time, and have come into the World with the Ancient Greeks for that purpoſe; for the Latines themſelves are but Copies.

   • 1975, The Educational Trends (volumes 10-14, page 59)

     Ahmad (1969) studied the personality differences among middle school girls identified as originals and unoriginals on the Minnesota's test of creative thinking.

   • 2010, A. Kusuma, Creativity and Cognitive Styles in Children (page 73)

     The originals or the creatives were more dominant than the unoriginals or the low creatives.

3. (archaic) An eccentric person.
   • 1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], OCLC 1042815524, part I, page 201:

     ‘Are you an alienist?’ I interrupted. ‘Every doctor should be - a little,’ answered that original, imperturbably.

4. A newly designed garment released by a fashion designer as part of a collection.
   • 1962, "It's Fashion fair time again", in Ebony (volume 17, number 11, page 126)

     Fashion Fair will give every section first hand knowledge of the latest originals and 1962-63's exciting trends.

   • 1963, National Retail Merchants Association. Sales Promotion Division, The NRMA Sales Promotion Encyclopedia, Vol. II. (page 175)

     One such show was built around the Du Pont spring collection of Paris originals.

5. A ridgeling.

Translations

object from which all later copies and variations are derived

• Armenian: սկզբնագիր (hy) (skzbnagir), բնագիր (hy) (bnagir)
• Belarusian: арыгіна́л m (aryhinál)
• Bulgarian: оригинал (bg) m (original)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 原作 (zh) (yuánzuò), (text) 原文 (zh) (yuánwén), 原物 (zh) (yuánwù), 本來 (zh), 本来 (zh) (běnlái), 原著 (zh) (yuánzhù), 原件 (zh) (yuánjiàn)

• Czech: originál (cs) m
• Dutch: origineel (nl) n
• Finnish: alkuperäiskappale, originaali (fi)
• French: original (fr) m
• German: Original (de) n, (text) Urschrift f
• Greek: πρωτότυπο (el) n (protótypo)
• Icelandic: frumeintak n, (informal) orginall m, (only of writing) frumrit (is) n
• Japanese: 原物 (genbutsu), 原作 (ja) (gensaku) (works), 原文 (ja) (genbun) (text)
• Kazakh: түпнұсқа (tüpnūsqa), төлнұсқа (tölnūsqa)
• Korean: 원본(原本) (ko) (wonbon)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: original (no) m

  Nynorsk: original m

• Polish: oryginał (pl), pierwowzór (pl) m, wzorzec (pl) m, prawzór m, autentyk (pl) m
• Portuguese: original (pt) m
• Russian: оригина́л (ru) m (originál), первоисто́чник (ru) m (pervoistóčnik), (text) исхо́дный текст (ru) m (isxódnyj tekst)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ѝзво̄рнӣк m, оригѝна̄л m

  Roman: ìzvōrnīk (sh) m, origìnāl (sh) m

• Spanish: original (es) m
• Swedish: original (sv) n, förlaga (sv) c
• Ukrainian: оригіна́л (uk) m (oryhinál)
• Yiddish: אָריגינאַל‎ m (original)

person with a unique and interesting personality and/or creative talent

• Danish: særling c, original c
• Dutch: unicum (nl) n
• Finnish: ainutlaatuinen ihminen, originelli persoona
• Icelandic: sérvitringur m

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: særling, raring, original (no), eksentriker, nerd

  Nynorsk: særling, raring, original, eksentrikar, nerd

• Russian: оригина́л (ru) m (originál)
• Spanish: único (es) m
• Swedish: original (sv) n, excentriker (sv) c, särling (sv) c

archaism for an eccentric — see eccentric

Translations

• Crimean Tatar: ^{(please verify)} öz
• French: ^{(please verify)} original (fr) m
• German: ^{(please verify)} Vorlage (de) f (1), ^{(please verify)} Original (de) n (1,2,3)
• Italian: ^{(please verify)} originale (it) m
• Korean: ^{(please verify)} 고유 (ko) (goyu) (goyu)

• Latin: ^{(please verify)} orīginālis
• Mandarin: ^{(please verify)} 原物 (zh) (yuánwù)
• Spanish: ^{(please verify)} original (es) m
• Swedish: ^{(please verify)} original (sv) n (1,2,3), ^{(please verify)} förlaga (sv) c

Further reading

• original in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
• original in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911

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Catalan

Etymology

From Latin orīginālis, attested from the 14th century.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic) IPA^(key): /o.ɾi.ʒiˈnal/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /u.ɾi.ʒiˈnal/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /o.ɾi.d͡ʒiˈnal/

Adjective

original (masculine and feminine plural originals)

1. original

Derived terms

• originalitat
• originalment

Related terms

• origen

Further reading

• “original” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “original” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “original” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

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Danish

Adjective

original (neuter originalt, plural and definite singular attributive originale)

1. original

Noun

original c (singular definite originalen, plural indefinite originaler)

1. an original

Declension

Declension of original

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	original	originalen	originaler	originalerne
genitive	originals	originalens	originalers	originalernes

Further reading

• “original” in Den Danske Ordbog
• “original” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

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French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin orīginālis. Doublet of originel.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔ.ʁi.ʒi.nal/

• Audio

  (file)

• Homophones: originale, originales

Adjective

original (feminine originale, masculine plural originaux, feminine plural originales)

1. original

   Antonyms: banal, copié, reproduit, vulgaire

Related terms

• en original
• originaire
• originalité
• origine
• originel

 

Noun

original m (plural originaux)

1. an unusual or eccentric person
2. an original manuscript

   Synonym: autographe

Further reading

• “original”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

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German

Etymology

Borrowed from French original, from Old French original, from Late Latin orīginālis (“primitive, original”), from Latin orīgō (“beginning, source, origin”). Doublet of originell.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /oʁiɡiˈnaːl/
• Rhymes: -aːl

• Audio

  (file)

Adjective

original (strong nominative masculine singular originaler, comparative originaler, superlative am originalsten)

1. original

Declension

Positive forms of original

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter	all genders
predicative		er ist original	sie ist original	es ist original	sie sind original
strong declension (without article)	nominative	originaler	originale	originales	originale
	genitive	originalen	originaler	originalen	originaler
	dative	originalem	originaler	originalem	originalen
	accusative	originalen	originale	originales	originale
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der originale	die originale	das originale	die originalen
	genitive	des originalen	der originalen	des originalen	der originalen
	dative	dem originalen	der originalen	dem originalen	den originalen
	accusative	den originalen	die originale	das originale	die originalen
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein originaler	eine originale	ein originales	(keine) originalen
	genitive	eines originalen	einer originalen	eines originalen	(keiner) originalen
	dative	einem originalen	einer originalen	einem originalen	(keinen) originalen
	accusative	einen originalen	eine originale	ein originales	(keine) originalen

Comparative forms of original

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter	all genders
predicative		er ist originaler	sie ist originaler	es ist originaler	sie sind originaler
strong declension (without article)	nominative	originalerer	originalere	originaleres	originalere
	genitive	originaleren	originalerer	originaleren	originalerer
	dative	originalerem	originalerer	originalerem	originaleren
	accusative	originaleren	originalere	originaleres	originalere
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der originalere	die originalere	das originalere	die originaleren
	genitive	des originaleren	der originaleren	des originaleren	der originaleren
	dative	dem originaleren	der originaleren	dem originaleren	den originaleren
	accusative	den originaleren	die originalere	das originalere	die originaleren
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein originalerer	eine originalere	ein originaleres	(keine) originaleren
	genitive	eines originaleren	einer originaleren	eines originaleren	(keiner) originaleren
	dative	einem originaleren	einer originaleren	einem originaleren	(keinen) originaleren
	accusative	einen originaleren	eine originalere	ein originaleres	(keine) originaleren

Superlative forms of original

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter	all genders
predicative		er ist am originalsten	sie ist am originalsten	es ist am originalsten	sie sind am originalsten
strong declension (without article)	nominative	originalster	originalste	originalstes	originalste
	genitive	originalsten	originalster	originalsten	originalster
	dative	originalstem	originalster	originalstem	originalsten
	accusative	originalsten	originalste	originalstes	originalste
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der originalste	die originalste	das originalste	die originalsten
	genitive	des originalsten	der originalsten	des originalsten	der originalsten
	dative	dem originalsten	der originalsten	dem originalsten	den originalsten
	accusative	den originalsten	die originalste	das originalste	die originalsten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein originalster	eine originalste	ein originalstes	(keine) originalsten
	genitive	eines originalsten	einer originalsten	eines originalsten	(keiner) originalsten
	dative	einem originalsten	einer originalsten	einem originalsten	(keinen) originalsten
	accusative	einen originalsten	eine originalste	ein originalstes	(keine) originalsten

Related terms

• Originalität
• Original n

 

Adverb

original

1. (colloquial, intensifier) really, actually

   Synonyms: echt, wirklich

   • 1997, Alexa Hennig von Lange, chapter 1, in Relax‎^[4]:

     Wo ist jetzt diese verdammte Schachtel? Hier finde ich original nichts wieder.

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

Further reading

• “original” in Duden online
• “original” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

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Middle English

Alternative forms

• oryginall, origynall, orygynal, orygynall, origynal, oryginal, oregynall, originalle, originall

Etymology

From Old French original, from Late Latin orīginālis; equivalent to origyne +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔriɡiˈnaːl/, /ɔriɡiˈnal/, /ɔriːɡiˈnal/

Adjective

original (plural and weak singular originale)

1. original, primordial; preceding everything else
2. connected to the origin or beginning of something

Derived terms

• originali

Descendants

• English: original
• Scots: original, oreeginal

References

• “orī̆ǧinā̆l(e, adj.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-02-26.

Noun

original (plural originals) (Late Middle English)

1. the origin, lineage, or provenance of something
2. the authoritative, authorial, or primordial version of a work or source
3. (rare) something that isn't living or artificial; a primordial element
4. (rare) a reason, factor, or generator of something
5. (rare) the root or etymological ancestor of a word
6. (rare, religion) the making of the universe
7. (rare, law) a legal document beginning legal action

Derived terms

• originali

Descendants

• English: original
• Scots: original, oreeginal

References

• “orī̆ǧinā̆l(e, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-02-26.

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Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin orīginālis; the noun being derived from the adjective.

Adjective

original (neuter singular originalt, definite singular and plural originale)

1. original

Noun

original m (definite singular originalen, indefinite plural originaler, definite plural originalene)

1. an original

References

• “original” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin orīginālis; the noun being derived from the adjective.

Adjective

original (neuter singular originalt, definite singular and plural originale)

1. original

Noun

original m (definite singular originalen, indefinite plural originalar, definite plural originalane)

1. an original

References

• “original” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

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Occitan

Etymology

From Latin orīginālis.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Languedocien)

  (file)

Adjective

original m (feminine singular originala, masculine plural originals, feminine plural originalas)

1. original

Derived terms

• originalitat
• originalament

Related terms

• origina

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Portuguese

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin orīginālis.

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /o.ɾi.ʒiˈnaw/ [o.ɾi.ʒiˈnaʊ̯]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɔ.ɾi.ʒiˈnal/ [ɔ.ɾi.ʒiˈnaɫ]

• Hyphenation: o‧ri‧gi‧nal

Adjective

original m or f (plural originais)

1. original (relating to the origin or beginning)
2. original (being the first in a series)
3. original (different; unique)

Derived terms

• originalidade
• originalmente

Related terms

• origem

Further reading

• “original” in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa.
• “original” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.

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Romanian

Etymology

From Latin originalis or French original.

Adjective

original m or n (feminine singular originală, masculine plural originali, feminine and neuter plural originale)

1. original

Declension

Declension of original

		singular			plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative/ accusative	indefinite	original		originală	originali	originale
	definite	originalul		originala	originalii	originalele
genitive/ dative	indefinite	original		originale	originali	originale
	definite	originalului		originalei	originalilor	originalelor

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Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /oriɡǐnaːl/
• Hyphenation: o‧ri‧gi‧nal

Noun

origìnāl m (Cyrillic spelling оригѝна̄л)

1. original

   Antonym: falsifikat

Declension

Declension of original

	singular	plural
nominative	origìnāl	originali
genitive	originála	originala
dative	originalu	originalima
accusative	original	originale
vocative	originale	originali
locative	originalu	originalima
instrumental	originalom	originalima

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Spanish

Etymology

From Latin orīginālis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /oɾixiˈnal/, [o.ɾi.xiˈnal]
• Hyphenation: o‧ri‧gi‧nal

Adjective

original (plural originales)

1. original

Derived terms

• originalidad
• originalmente
• pecado original

 

Related terms

• origen
• originar
• originario

 

Further reading

• “original”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

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Swedish

Noun

original n

1. an original

Declension

Declension of original
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	original	originalet	original	originalen
Genitive	originals	originalets	originals	originalens

Related terms

• originell

 

References

• original in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)