reproduction

English

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Italic *wre-

Latin re-der.

Old French re-bor.

Middle English re-

English re-

Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?

Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?

Proto-Indo-European *pér

Proto-Indo-European *-o

Proto-Indo-European *pró

Proto-Indo-European *pro-

Proto-Italic *pro-

Latin prō-

Proto-Indo-European *dewk-

Proto-Indo-European *déwkti

Proto-Italic *doukō

Latin dūcō

Latin prōdūcō

Proto-Indo-European *-tis

Proto-Indo-European *-Hō

Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō

Proto-Italic *-tiō

Latin -tiō

Latin prōductiōder.

Old French productionbor.

Middle English produccioun

English production

English reproduction

From re- + production.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˌɹiːpɹəˈdʌkʃən/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: re‧pro‧duc‧tion

Noun

reproduction (countable and uncountable, plural reproductions)

1. The act of reproducing new individuals biologically.
   • 2013 May-June, Katrina G. Claw, “Rapid Evolution in Eggs and Sperm”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3:

     Many genes with reproductive roles also have antibacterial and immune functions, which indicate that the threat of microbial attack on the sperm or egg may be a major influence on rapid evolution during reproduction.

2. The act of making copies.

   Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.

3. A copy of something, as in a piece of art; a duplicate.

   Jim was proud of the Rembrandt reproduction he owned.

4. (computing) A method for reproducing a bug or problem.
   • 2020, Joe Tsai, “[Bug?] Repeated imported enum cause panic in golang”, in protobuf mailing list‎^[1]:

     Could you file a bug at on the issue tracker with a minimum reproduction so that we can investigate?

Synonyms

• (sense 1): procreation
• (senses 2, 3, 4): repro

Derived terms

• alien reproduction vehicle
• asexual reproduction
• autoreproduction
• basic reproduction number
• basic reproduction rate
• basic reproduction ratio
• microreproduction
• nonreproduction
• photoreproduction
• pine reproduction weevil
• reproductional
• reproductionism
• reproductionist
• repronormativity
• reprotoxic
• sexual reproduction

Related terms

• reproduce

Translations

the act of reproducing new individuals biologically — see also procreation

• Afrikaans: voortplanting (af)
• Albanian: riprodhim (sq) m
• Arabic: تَكَاثُر m (takāṯur)

  Egyptian Arabic: تكاثر m (takāsur)

• Armenian: վերարտադրություն (hy) (verartadrutʻyun)
• Azerbaijani: artırma, artma
• Belarusian: размнажэ́нне n (razmnažénnje), размнажэ́ньне n (razmnažénʹnje) (Taraškievica)
• Bengali: প্রজনন (bn) (projonon)
• Bulgarian: размножа́ване (bg) n (razmnožávane)
• Catalan: reproducció (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 生殖 (sang¹ zik⁶)

  Hokkien: 生湠 (zh-min-nan) (senn-thuànn/sinn-thuànn)

  Mandarin: 生殖 (zh) (shēngzhí)

• Czech: rozmnožování (cs) n
• Danish: formering (da) c, reproduktion (da) c
• Dutch: voortplanting (nl) f, reproductie (nl) f
• Esperanto: reprodukto generado (eo)
• Estonian: paljunemine
• Finnish: lisääntyminen (fi), suvun jatkaminen
• French: reproduction (fr) f
• Frisian:

  West Frisian: fuortplanting c

• Georgian: გამრავლება (gamravleba)
• German: Fortpflanzung (de) f, Reproduktion (de) f
• Greek: αναπαραγωγή (el) f (anaparagogí)
• Gujarati: પ્રજનન n (prajnan)
• Hindi: प्रजनन (hi) m (prajnan)
• Hungarian: szaporodás (hu)
• Indonesian: reproduksi (id), pembiakan (id)
• Irish: atáirgeadh m
• Italian: riproduzione (it) f
• Japanese: 生殖 (ja) (せいしょく, seishoku)
• Kazakh: көбею (köbeü)
• Korean: 생식(生殖) (ko) (saengsik)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: pirbûn (ku), zêdebûn (ku)

• Kyrgyz: көбөйүү (ky) (köböyüü)
• Lao: ການສືບພັນ (kān sư̄p phan)
• Latvian: vairošanās m
• Lithuanian: dauginimasis m
• Macedonian: размножување n (razmnožuvanje)
• Malay: pembiakan (ms)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: reproduksjon m

  Nynorsk: reproduksjon m

• Persian: تولید مثل (fa) (towlid-e mesl), زاداوری (zādāvari)
• Polish: prokreacja (pl), reprodukcja (pl) f, rozmnażanie (pl) n
• Portuguese: reprodução (pt) f
• Romanian: reproducere (ro) f, reproducție (ro) f
• Russian: размноже́ние (ru) n (razmnožénije)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: размножа́ва̄ње n, репроду̀кција f

  Latin: razmnožávānje (sh) n, reprodùkcija (sh) f

• Slovak: rozmnožovanie n
• Slovene: razmnoževanje (sl) n, reprodukcija f
• Spanish: reproducción (es) f
• Sundanese: ᮘᮛᮔᮠᮔ᮪ (baranahan)
• Swedish: reproduktion (sv) c, fortplantning (sv) c
• Tagalog: reproduksiyon, reproduksyon, balisuplingan
• Tajik: афзоиш (afzoyiš), тавлиди мисл (tavlid-i misl)
• Thai: การสืบพันธุ์ (th) (gaan-sʉ̀ʉp-pan)
• Turkish: üreme (tr)
• Ukrainian: розмно́ження n (rozmnóžennja), репроду́кція (uk) f (reprodúkcija), відтво́рення n (vidtvórennja)
• Uzbek: koʻpayish (uz), koʻpaytirish (uz)
• Vietnamese: sự sinh sản (vi)
• Walloon: mopliaedje
• Welsh: atgenhedlu (cy)

act of making copies — see also duplication

• Bulgarian: възпроизвеждане (văzproizveždane)
• Catalan: reproducció (ca) f
• Dutch: vermenigvuldiging (nl) f
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: eksemplarfremstilling m or f

• Spanish: reproducción (es) f, producción de copias f
• Ukrainian: відтво́рення n (vidtvórennja)

a duplicate — see also duplicate

• Bulgarian: копие (bg) n (kopie), репродукция (bg) f (reprodukcija)
• Catalan: reproducció (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 複製 / 复制 (fuk¹ zai³)

  Mandarin: 複製 / 复制 (zh) (fùzhì)

• Czech: reprodukce (cs) f
• Danish: reproduktion (da)
• Dutch: reproductie (nl) f
• Esperanto: reprodukto, kopio
• Finnish: kopio (fi), kaksoiskappale (fi)
• French: reproduction (fr) f
• Greek: αντίγραφο (el) n (antígrafo)
• Hungarian: reprodukció (hu)
• Irish: macasamhail f
• Italian: riproduzione (it) f, duplicato (it) m
• Japanese: 複製 (ja) (ふくせい, fukusei)
• Korean: 복제본(複製本) (bokjebon), 복사본(複寫本) (boksabon)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: reproduksjon m

  Nynorsk: reproduksjon m

• Polish: reprodukcja (pl)
• Portuguese: reprodução (pt) f
• Romanian: reproducere (ro) f, duplicat (ro) n, duplicare
• Russian: ко́пия (ru) f (kópija), репроду́кция (ru) f (reprodúkcija), копи́рование (ru) n (kopírovanije) (action)
• Slovene: reprodukcija f
• Spanish: reproducción (es) f
• Swedish: replika (sv) c
• Tagalog: reproduksiyon, reproduksyon

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁə.pʁɔ.dyk.sjɔ̃/

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Somain)):

  (file)

Noun

reproduction f (plural reproductions)

1. reproduction

Related terms

• production
• reproductible
• reproductif
• reproduire

Further reading

• “reproduction”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012