原始

Chinese

		former; original; primary former; original; primary; raw; level; cause; source	begin
trad. (原始)		原	始
simp. #(原始)		原	始
alternative forms		元始
anagram		始原

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yuánshǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ ㄕˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun⁴ ci²

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ngièn-sṳ́ / ngiàn-sṳ́

  (Hailu, HRS): ngien shi^ˊ

• Eastern Min (BUC): nguòng-sṳ̄
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): goân-sí

  (Teochew, Peng'im): nguang⁵ si²

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶gnioe-sy₅

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yuánshǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ ㄕˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yuánshǐh
    • Wade–Giles: yüan²-shih³
    • Yale: ywán-shř
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuanshyy
    • Palladius: юаньши (juanʹši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jyun⁴ ci²
    • Yale: yùhn chí
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jyn⁴ tsi²
    • Guangdong Romanization: yun⁴ qi²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn²¹ t͡sʰiː³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngièn-sṳ́
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngien^ˇ sii^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngian² si³
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯en¹¹ sɨ³¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiàn-sṳ́
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngian^ˇ sii^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngian² si³
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯an¹¹ sɨ³¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngien shi^ˊ
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋien⁵⁵ ʃi²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: nguòng-sṳ̄
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋuoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^(s-)ny³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: goân-sí
    • Tâi-lô: guân-sí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: goansie
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /ɡuan²⁴⁻²² si⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡuan²⁴⁻²² si⁵⁵⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡuan¹³⁻²² si⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /ɡuan²⁴⁻¹¹ si⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡuan²³⁻³³ si⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: nguang⁵ si²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nguâng sí
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋuaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ si⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶gnioe-sy₅
    • MiniDict: nyoe^去 sy^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nyyoe-sr₂
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲyø²² sz̩⁴⁴/

Adjective

原始

1. (attributive, of a source, document, etc.) original; first-hand

   原始記錄／原始记录  ―  yuánshǐ jìlù  ―  original record

2. primitive

   原始人  ―  yuánshǐrén  ―  primitive man

   原始社會／原始社会  ―  yuánshǐ shèhuì  ―  primitive society

3. (linguistics) proto-

   原始漢藏語／原始汉藏语  ―  yuánshǐ hàncángyǔ  ―  Proto-Sino-Tibetan language

Synonyms

• (primitive): (literary) 草昧 (cǎomèi), (attributive) 始祖 (shǐzǔ)
• (original): (attributive) 本來／本来 (běnlái), (attributive) 原來／原来 (yuánlái)

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “primitive”): 開化／开化 (kāihuà)

Noun

原始

1. (literary) beginning; outset; start

   原始點醫學／原始点医学  ―  yuánshǐ diǎn yīxué  ―  Origin Point Medicine

Derived terms

• 原始主義 / 原始主义 (yuánshǐzhǔyì)
• 原始人 (yuánshǐrén)
• 原始公社 (yuánshǐ gōngshè)
• 原始印歐語 / 原始印欧语 (Yuánshǐ Yìn-Ōuyǔ)
• 原始林 (yuánshǐlín)
• 原始森林 (yuánshǐ sēnlín)
• 原始漢藏語 / 原始汉藏语 (yuánshǐ hànzàngyǔ)
• 原始社會 / 原始社会 (yuánshǐ shèhuì)
• 原始積累 / 原始积累 (yuánshǐ jīlěi)
• 原始股 (yuánshǐgǔ)
• 原始閩語 / 原始闽语 (yuánshǐ mǐnyǔ)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
原	始
げん Grade: 2	し Grade: 3
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
元始

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) げんし [géꜜǹshì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɡẽ̞ɰ̃ɕi]

Noun

原(げん)始(し) • (genshi) 

1. primal, primeval
2. source (data etc.)

Derived terms

• 原(げん)始(し)人(じん) (genshijin, “primitive man; caveman”)
• 原(げん)始(し)的(てき) (genshiteki, “primitive”)
• 原(げん)始(し)林(りん) (genshirin, “primitive forest”)
• 原(げん)始(し)星(せい) (genshisei, “protostar”)
• 原(げん)始(し)宗(しゅう)教(きょう) (genshishūkyō, “primitive religion”)
• 原(げん)始(し)時(じ)代(だい) (genshijidai, “primitive era”)
• 原(げん)始(し)仏(ぶっ)教(きょう) (genshibukkyō, “primitive Buddhism”)
• 原(げん)始(し)共(きょう)同(どう)体(たい) (genshikyōdōtai, “primitive community”)
• 原(げん)始(し)関(かん)数(すう) (genshikansū, “primitive function”)
• 原(げん)始(し)惑(わく)星(せい) (genshiwakusei, “protoplanet”)
• 原(げん)始(し)惑(わく)星(せい)系(けい)円(えん)盤(ばん) (genshiwakuseikeienban, “protoplanetary disk”)
• 原(げん)始(し)共(きょう)産(さん)制(せい) (genshikyōsansei, “primitive communism”)
• 原(げん)始(し)キリスト教(きょう) (genshikirisutokyō, “early Christianity”)

References

• “原始”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
原	始

Noun

原始 • (wonsi) (hangeul 원시)

1. hanja form^? of 원시 (“primal; primitive”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
原	始

Adjective

原始

1. chữ Hán form of nguyên thủy (“primitive”)