標準

See also: 标准 and 標准

Chinese

		the topmost branches of a tree; surface; sign the topmost branches of a tree; surface; sign; to mark; (outward) sign; indication; prize; award; bid	accurate; standard
trad. (標準/標准)		標	準/准
simp. (标准)		标	准

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): biāozhǔn

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧㄠ ㄓㄨㄣˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): biu¹ zeon²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phêu-chún
• Min Dong (BUC): biĕu-cūng
• Min Nan (POJ): piau-chún / phiau-chún
• Wu (Wiktionary): piau tsen (T1)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: biāozhǔn
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄠ ㄓㄨㄣˇ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: biaujoen
    • IPA ^(key): /pi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: biu¹ zeon²
    • Yale: bīu jéun
    • Cantonese Pinyin: biu¹ dzoen²
    • Guangdong Romanization: biu¹ zên²
    • IPA ^(key): /piːu̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕɵn³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phêu-chún
    • Hakka Romanization System: peu´ zun`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: peu¹ zun³
    • IPA: /pʰe̯u²⁴ t͡sun³¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: biĕu-cūng
    • IPA ^(key): /pieu⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(t͡s-)ʒuŋ³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piau-chún
    • Tâi-lô: piau-tsún
    • Phofsit Daibuun: piauzuon
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /piaʊ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /piaʊ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sun⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /piaʊ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /piaʊ³³ t͡sun⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phiau-chún
    • Tâi-lô: phiau-tsún
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phiauzuon
    • IPA (Taipei): /pʰiaʊ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun⁵³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰiaʊ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sun⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰiaʊ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun⁴¹/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: piau tsen (T1)
    • IPA ^(key): /piɔ⁵⁵ t͡səɲ²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /piᴇu  t͡ɕiuɪn^X/▼

Rime
Character	標	準
Reading #	1/2	1/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	宵 (91)	諄 (47)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	甫遙切	之尹切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/piᴇu/	/t͡ɕiuɪnX/
Pan Wuyun	/piɛu/	/t͡ɕʷinX/
Shao Rongfen	/pjæu/	/t͡ɕjuenX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/piaw/	/cwinX/
Li Rong	/piɛu/	/t͡ɕiuĕnX/
Wang Li	/pĭɛu/	/t͡ɕĭuĕnX/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯ɛu/	/t͡ɕi̯uĕnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	biāo	zhǔn

• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*pew  qʷjinʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	準
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǔn
Middle Chinese	‹ tsywinX ›
Old Chinese	/*turʔ/
English	water-level
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	標	準
Reading #	1/2	1/2
No.	9742	12189
Phonetic component	票	隼
Rime group	宵	眞
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	飊	準
Old Chinese	/*pew/	/*qʷjinʔ/

Noun

標準

1. standard; criterion

   法定標準 / 法定标准  ―  fǎdìng biāozhǔn  ―  legal standard

   評分標準 / 评分标准  ―  píngfēn biāozhǔn  ―  scoring criteria

   合乎標準 / 合乎标准  ―  héhū biāozhǔn  ―  to conform to the standard

   統一標準 / 统一标准  ―  tǒngyī biāozhǔn  ―  to unify standards

   修煉的標準是嚴格。 [MSC, trad.]
   修炼的标准是严格。 [MSC, simp.]

   Xiūliàn de biāozhǔn shì yángé. [Pinyin]

   Strictness is the standard of cultivation practice.

Adjective

標準

1. standard

   標準的普通話 / 标准的普通话  ―  biāozhǔn de pǔtōnghuà  ―  standard Mandarin

Derived terms

• 標準件／标准件
• 標準像／标准像
• 標準化／标准化 (biāozhǔnhuà)
• 標準化考試／标准化考试
• 標準大氣壓／标准大气压
• 標準時／标准时 (biāozhǔnshí)
• 標準時區／标准时区

• 標準時間／标准时间 (biāozhǔn shíjiān)
• 標準粉／标准粉
• 標準語／标准语 (biāozhǔnyǔ)
• 標準間／标准间 (biāozhǔnjiān)
• 標準音／标准音
• 生活標準／生活标准 (shēnghuó biāozhǔn)
• 雙重標準／双重标准 (shuāngchóng biāozhǔn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (標準):

• Japanese: 標 (ひょう)準 (じゅん) (hyōjun)
• Korean: 표준 (標準, pyojun)
• Vietnamese: tiêu chuẩn (標準)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
標	準
ひょう Grade: 4	じゅん Grade: 5
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ひょーじゅん [hyòójúń] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ço̞ːʑɨ̃ᵝɴ]

Noun

標準 (hiragana ひょうじゅん, rōmaji hyōjun)

1. standard, level, the mark, norm

Derived terms

• 標 (ひょう)準 (じゅん)化 (か) (hyōjunka)
• 標 (ひょう)準 (じゅん)語 (ご) (hyōjungo)