此

See also: 比

此 U+6B64, 此 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B64 ← 正 [U+6B63] CJK Unified Ideographs 步 → [U+6B65]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

此 (Kangxi radical 77, 止+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 卜一心 (YMP), four-corner 2111₀, composition ⿰止匕)

1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №30

Derived characters

• 紫

References

• KangXi: page 574, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16259
• Dae Jaweon: page 964, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1438, character 3
• Unihan data for U+6B64

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Chinese

trad.		此
simp. #		此

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 此
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (此) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
些	*saːls, *sjaːl, *seːs
跐	*ʔsreːʔ, *ʔseʔ, *sʰeʔ, *ʔsreʔ
柴	*zreː
祡	*zreː
茈	*zreː, *ʔseʔ, *ze
眦	*zreːs
砦	*zraːds
寨	*zraːds, *slɯːɡ
啙	*ʔseː, *zeːʔ, *ʔseʔ
泚	*sʰeːʔ, *sʰeʔ
玼	*sʰeːʔ, *sʰeʔ, *ze
皉	*sʰeːʔ
鮆	*zeːʔ, *ʔse
眥	*zeːs, *zes
貲	*ʔse
髭	*ʔse
頾	*ʔse
訾	*ʔse, *ʔseʔ
鴜	*ʔse, *ze
鈭	*ʔse, *sʰe
姕	*ʔse, *sʰe, *ze
觜	*ʔse, *ʔse, *ʔseʔ
紫	*ʔseʔ
訿	*ʔseʔ
呰	*ʔseʔ
嘴	*ʔseʔ
雌	*sʰe
此	*sʰeʔ
佌	*sʰeʔ, *seʔ
庛	*sʰes
疵	*ze
骴	*ze, *zes
胔	*ze, *zes
飺	*ze
齜	*ʔsre

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 止 (“feet”) + 人 (“person”) – where a person stops; here.

Alternatively, this may be the original form of 跐 (OC *ʔsreːʔ, *ʔseʔ, *sʰeʔ, *ʔsreʔ, “to stamp, to stop, to stand”).

Etymology

Cognate with 斯 (OC *se, “this”).

STEDT compares 此 (OC *sʰeʔ) and 斯 (OC *se) to Proto-Tani *si (“this”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): cǐ (ci³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄘˇ

  (Chengdu, SP): ci³

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ci²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ́
• Min Bei (KCR): chǔ
• Min Dong (BUC): chṳ̄
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhú / chhír

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ce²

• Wu (Wiktionary): tshr (T2)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: cǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄘˇ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyy
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cǐh
    • Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ3
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: ci³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: c
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ci²
    • Yale: chí
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsi²
    • Guangdong Romanization: qi²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ́
    • Hakka Romanization System: cii`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ci³
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ³¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chǔ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰu²¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chṳ̄
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰy³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhú
    • Tâi-lô: tshú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhuo
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡sʰu⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰu⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhír
    • Tâi-lô: tshír
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ce²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshṳ́
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɯ⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: tshr (T2)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩³⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /t͡sʰiᴇ^X/

Rime
Character	此
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	雌氏切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰiᴇX/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰiɛX/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰjɛX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰiə̆X/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰieX/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰǐeX/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰie̯X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ci2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]e(j)ʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰeʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	此
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ tshjeX ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]e(j)ʔ/
English	this
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	此
Reading #	1/1
No.	1724
Phonetic component	此
Rime group	支
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	此
Old Chinese	/*sʰeʔ/
Notes	甲文象足踏人背， 爲跐初文

Definitions

此

1. (literary) this

   Antonym: 彼 (bǐ)

   此號碼無法接通。 / 此号码无法接通。  ―  Cǐ hàomǎ wúfǎ jiētōng.  ―  This number cannot be reached.

2. (literary) here

   請按此。 / 请按此。  ―  Qǐng àn cǐ.  ―  Please press here.

   • 齊天大聖到此一遊。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
     齐天大圣到此一游。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]

     From: Wu Cheng'en, Journey to the West, 16^th century CE

     Qítiāndàshèng dào cǐ yī yóu. [Pinyin]

     The Great Sage Equal to Heaven came here on a trip.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 這 (“this”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		此, 斯, 是, 之, 茲 anteclassical, 夫, 爾
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		這
Mandarin	Beijing	這
	Taiwan	這
	Malaysia	這
	Singapore	這
Cantonese	Guangzhou	呢, 依
	Hong Kong	呢, 依
	Macau	呢
	Taishan	該
	Dongguan	呢
	Yangjiang	果
	Nanning	阿
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	呢
	Singapore (Guangfu)	呢, 依
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	這
	Pingtung (Neipu, S. Sixian)	這
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong, Hailu)	這
	Taichung (Dongshi, Dabu)	這
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin, Raoping)	這
	Yunlin (Lunbei, Zhao'an)	這
	Kuching (Hepo)	呢
Huizhou	Jixi	爾
Min Dong	Fuzhou	只, 者, 嚽
	Fuqing	者
	Singapore (Fuqing)	者
Min Nan	Xiamen	這
	Quanzhou	只, 這
	Zhangzhou	這
	Zhao'an	只
	Taipei	這
	Penang (Hokkien)	這
	Singapore (Hokkien)	這
	Manila (Hokkien)	這
	Chaozhou	只
	Shantou	只
	Jieyang	只
	Haifeng	只
	Singapore (Teochew)	只
	Batam (Teochew)	只
	Wenchang	這
	Haikou	這
	Singapore (Hainanese)	這
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	亞
Wu	Shanghai	搿, 迭 old-style, 第 obsolete
	Wenzhou	個

Dialectal synonyms of 這裡 (“here”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		斯, 此
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		這裡, 此處 formal, 此 formal
Mandarin	Beijing	這兒, 這兒合兒 colloquial, 這合兒 colloquial
	Taiwan	這, 這裡
	Tianjin	這兒, 這兒合兒
	Jinan	這裡
	Xi'an	這搭兒
	Wuhan	這裡, 這塊, 這塊歇
	Chengdu	這兒
	Guilin	這塏
	Liuzhou	這塏
	Yangzhou	這塊
	Hefei	這塊, 這蒿子
	Malaysia	這裡
	Singapore	這裡
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	這點, 這古
Cantonese	Guangzhou	呢度, 呢處, 依度
	Hong Kong	呢度, 呢處, 依度, 依處
	Macau	呢度
	Taishan	該, 該處, 該埞
	Yangjiang	該, 該處, 該處塗
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	呢度
	Singapore (Guangfu)	呢度
Gan	Nanchang	箇𥚃
Hakka	Meixian	這仔
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	這位
	Pingtung (Neipu, S. Sixian)	這位, 這息
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong, Hailu)	這位
	Taichung (Dongshi, Dabu)	這位, 這位項
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin, Raoping)	這位
	Yunlin (Lunbei, Zhao'an)	這位, 這
	Kuching (Hepo)	呢邊
Jin	Taiyuan	這裡, 這兒家
Min Dong	Fuzhou	只塊, 只裡, 租塊
Min Nan	Xiamen	遮, 這帶, 這跡, 這位, 這搭
	Quanzhou	遮, 這帶, 這跡, 這位, 這搭
	Jinjiang	這跡, 這位
	Hui'an	這搭
	Zhangzhou	遮, 這帶, 這位, 這位仔
	Taipei	遮
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	遮
	Kaohsiung	遮
	Yilan	遮
	Changhua (Lukang)	遮
	Taichung	遮
	Tainan	遮
	Hsinchu	遮
	Kinmen	遮
	Penghu (Magong)	遮
	Penang (Hokkien)	這落, 這爿
	Singapore (Hokkien)	這兜, 這爿
	Manila (Hokkien)	遮, 這搭, 這位, 這路, 這爿
	Chaozhou	只塊
	Shantou	只塊
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	這爿
	Singapore (Teochew)	只塊
	Wenchang	這裡
	Haikou	這帶
	Qionghai	這裡, 這路
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	亞啲
Wu	Shanghai	搿搭, 搿搭塊, 搿搭裡, 迭搭 old-style, 迭搭塊 old-style, 迭搭裡 old-style, 此地, 此地塊, 此地塊搭
	Suzhou	該搭, 搿搭
	Wenzhou	該頭, 該柢, 柢, 彀, 彀宕
Xiang	Changsha	咯裡, 咯塊子
	Shuangfeng	咯裡

Compounds

Derived terms from 此

• 一寒如此
• 一至於此／一至于此
• 不分彼此 (bùfēnbǐcǐ)
• 不枉此生
• 不虛此生／不虚此生
• 不虛此行／不虚此行 (bùxūcīxíng)
• 不過如此／不过如此
• 並無此事／并无此事
• 人同此心
• 以此 (yǐcǐ)
• 以此類推／以此类推 (yǐcǐlèituī)
• 准此
• 出此下策
• 到此一遊／到此一游 (dàocǐyīyóu)
• 前此
• 厚彼薄此
• 厚此薄彼 (hòucǐbóbǐ)
• 原來如此／原来如此 (yuánláirúcǐ)
• 命該如此／命该如此
• 因此 (yīncǐ)
• 因此上
• 在此一舉／在此一举
• 在此存照
• 外此
• 多此一舉／多此一举 (duōcǐyījǔ)
• 奉此
• 如此 (rúcǐ)
• 如此這般／如此这般
• 就此 (jiùcǐ)

• 就此打住
• 就此罷手／就此罢手
• 彼倡此和
• 彼唱此和
• 彼此 (bǐcǐ)
• 從此／从此 (cóngcǐ)
• 挹彼注此
• 據此／据此
• 故此 (gùcǐ)
• 昉此
• 有鑑於此／有鉴于此
• 有鑒於此／有鉴于此 (yǒujiànyúcǐ)
• 果然如此
• 樂此不倦／乐此不倦
• 樂此不疲／乐此不疲 (lècǐbùpí)
• 樹猶如此／树犹如此
• 欽此／钦此
• 欽此欽遵／钦此钦遵
• 此事體大／此事体大
• 此仆彼起
• 此刻 (cǐkè)
• 此君
• 此唱彼和
• 此問彼難／此问彼难
• 此地 (cǐdì)
• 此外 (cǐwài)
• 此家
• 此岸
• 此後／此后 (cǐhòu)

• 此時／此时 (cǐshí)
• 此時此刻／此时此刻 (cǐshícǐkè)
• 此生 (cǐshēng)
• 此發彼應／此发彼应
• 此舉／此举 (cǐjǔ)
• 此豸 (cǐzhì)
• 此起彼伏 (cǐqǐbǐfú)
• 此起彼落 (cǐqǐbǐluò)
• 此道
• 此間／此间 (cǐjiān)
• 泐此
• 滅此朝食／灭此朝食 (miècǐzhāoshí)
• 特此 (tècǐ)
• 由此 (yóucǐ)
• 當此／当此
• 立此存照
• 等因奉此
• 纔此／才此
• 自此 (zìcǐ)
• 莫此為甚／莫此为甚
• 話雖如此／话虽如此 (huàsuīrúcǐ)
• 諸如此例／诸如此例
• 諸如此類／诸如此类 (zhūrúcǐlèi)
• 豈有此理／岂有此理 (qǐyǒu-cǐlǐ)
• 這般如此／这般如此
• 過此以往／过此以往
• 長此以往／长此以往 (chángcǐyǐwǎng)
• 除此之外 (chúcǐzhīwài)
• 顧此失彼／顾此失彼 (gùcǐshībǐ)

References

• “此”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

此

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. Proximal demonstrative prefix, this (near speaker)

Readings

• Go-on: し (shi)
• Kan-on: し (shi)
• Kun: これ (kore, 此); この (kono, 此の); ここ (koko, 此)

Compounds

• 此(こ)れ (kore)
• 此(こ)の (kono)
• 此処(ここ) (koko)
• 此方(こちら) (kochira)

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 此 (MC t͡sʰiᴇ^X). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄎᆞ (cho) (Yale: cho) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰa̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [차]

Hanja

Wikisource

此 (eumhun 이 차 (i cha))

1. (literary) Hanja form^? of 차 (“here”).
2. (literary) Hanja form^? of 차 (“this”).
   • 1919, 기미 독립 선언서(己未獨立宣言書) (gimi dongnip seoneonseo) [Proclamation of Korean Independence]:

     此(차)로써 子孫萬代(자손만대)에 誥(고)하야 民族自存(민족자존)의 正權(정권)을 永有(영유)케 하노라.

     charosseo jasonmandaee gohaya minjokjajonui jeonggwoneul yeong-yuke hanora.

     This we proclaim to our descendants so that they may enjoy in perpetuity their inherent right to nationhood.

Compounds

Compounds

• 차제 (此際, chaje)
• 차후 (此後, chahu)
• 여차 (如此, yeocha)
• 피차 (彼此, picha)
• 차간 (此間, chagan)
• 차경 (此境, chagyeong)
• 차군 (此君, chagun)
• 어차피 (於此彼, eochapi)
• 차일피일 (此日彼日, chailpiil)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

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Vietnamese

Han character

此: Hán Nôm readings: thử, nảy, thửa

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.