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存

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 仔
存 U+5B58, 存
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B58
← 字
[U+5B57] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 孙 →
[U+5B59]

Translingual

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Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character

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存 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+3, 6 strokes, Cangjie input 大中弓木 (KLND), four-corner 40247, composition ⿸𠂇⿰丨子)

Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 278, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6943
  • Dae Jaweon: page 545, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1009, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+5B58

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 存

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (存) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
荐 *zlɯːns
洊 *zlɯːns
臶 *zlɯːns, *zluːns
栫 *zlɯːns, *zluːns
袸 *zlɯːns, *zluːn
存 *zluːn
拵 *zluːn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zluːn): phonetic 才 (OC *zlɯː, *zlɯːs) + semantic 子.

Etymology 1

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Possibly the demonstrative *-n derivation from 在 (OC *zlɯːʔ) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 存
Mandarin Beijing /t͡sʰuən³⁵/
Harbin /t͡sʰuən²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡sʰuən⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡sʰuẽ⁴²/
Qingdao /t͡sʰuə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡sʰuən⁴²/
Xi'an /t͡sʰuẽ²⁴/
Xining /t͡sʰuə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡sʰuŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /t͡sʰũn⁵³/
Ürümqi /t͡sʰuŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sʰən²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡sʰən³¹/
/t͡sʰuən³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sʰen²¹/
Kunming /t͡sʰuə̃³¹/
Nanjing /t͡sʰun²⁴/
Hefei /t͡sʰən⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰuəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡sʰuŋ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰũŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zəŋ²³/
Suzhou /zən¹³/
Hangzhou /d͡zen²¹³/
Wenzhou /zø³¹/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /t͡sʰuːə⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sən¹³/
Xiangtan /d͡zən¹²/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰun²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰun¹¹/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰun¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰyn²¹/
Nanning /t͡sʰyn²¹/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰyn²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sun³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡souŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sɔŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /sun³¹/
Rime
Character 存
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 魂 (55)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徂尊切
Baxter dzwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡zuən/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡zuon/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡zuən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡zwən/
Li
Rong 		/d͡zuən/
Wang
Li 		/d͡zuən/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/d͡zʱuən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		cún
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		cyun4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 存
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		cún
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dzwon ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[dz]ˁə[n]/
English exist

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 存
Reading # 1/1
No. 1905
Phonetic
component 		存
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		存
Old
Chinese 		/*zluːn/

Definitions

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存

  1. (literary) to exist
    共存  ―  gòngcún  ―  to coexist
  2. to cherish; to harbor
    存心  ―  cúnxīn  ―  to harbour intentions
    孟子曰：「君子所以異於人者，以其存心也。君子以仁存心，以禮存心。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
    孟子曰：「君子所以异于人者，以其存心也。君子以仁存心，以礼存心。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Mèngzǐ yuē: “Jūnzǐ suǒ yǐ yì yú rén zhě, yǐ qí cún xīn yě. Jūnzǐ yǐ rén cún xīn, yǐ lǐ cún xīn.” [Pinyin]
    Mencius said, 'That whereby the superior man is distinguished from other men is what he preserves in his heart - namely, benevolence and propriety.'
  3. to store; to retain
  4. stock; reserve
    存款  ―  cúnkuǎn  ―  financial savings
  5. (archaic) to call on, to inquire

Synonyms

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  • (to exist):

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of 存 – see 伸 (“to be left; to remain; surplus; remainder”).
(This character is recorded in one or more historical dictionaries as a variant form of 伸).

Japanese

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Kanji

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存

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. exist

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
存
そん
Grade: 6
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 存 (MC dzwon).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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存(そん)する • (son suru) ←そん (son)?suru (stem 存(そん)し (son shi), past 存(そん)した (son shita))

  1. (intransitive) to exist
  2. (transitive) to preserve

Conjugation

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Conjugation of "存する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 存し そんし son shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 存し そんし son shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 存する そんする son suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 存する そんする son suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 存すれ そんすれ son sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 存せよ¹
存しろ² 		そんせよ¹
そんしろ² 		son seyo¹
son shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 存される そんされる son sareru
Causative 存させる
存さす 		そんさせる
そんさす 		son saseru
son sasu
Potential 存できる そんできる son dekiru
Volitional 存しよう そんしよう son shiyō
Negative 存しない そんしない son shinai
Negative continuative 存せず そんせず son sezu
Formal 存します そんします son shimasu
Perfective 存した そんした son shita
Conjunctive 存して そんして son shite
Hypothetical conditional 存すれば そんすれば son sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

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References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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存 (eumhun 있을 존 (isseul jon))

  1. to have
  2. to exist
  3. to be living

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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存: Hán Nôm readings: tồn, dòn, sòn, ròn, tòn

  1. chữ Hán form of tồn (“to exist; to preserve”)
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