這

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See also: 这
這 U+9019, 這
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9019
← 逘
[U+9018] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 通 →
[U+901A]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
這-order.gif

Han character[edit]

這 (radical 162, 辵+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜卜一口 (YYMR), four-corner 30306, composition ⿺辶言)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1258, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38889
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1743, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3844, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+9019

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (言) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
唁 *ŋrans
這 *ŋrans
言 *ŋan
琂 *ŋan
圁 *ŋrɯn
誾 *ŋrɯn
訔 *ŋrɯn
狺 *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋrans): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 言 (OC *ŋan).

The character was originally a verb meaning “to meet”, whose modern pronunciation is yàn. It was later borrowed for the proximal demonstrative “this/here”, by a confusion in medieval handwriting with 遮 (zhē, “this”).

Etymology 1[edit]

trad. 這
simp. 这
alternative forms
 
遮 archaic
者 archaic
只 archaic
拓 archaic
迓 (liá; yá) Hakka
邇／迩 (liá; yá) Hakka
即 (chit) Hokkien

First attested in the Tang Dynasty; etymology unclear. Proposed etymologies:

  • From 者 (OC *tjaːʔ, “one which”) (Lü, 1985). Wang (1990) notes that 者 always occurs after what is referred to, where as 這 always before.
    者 (OC *tjaːʔ, “one which”) > 者 (MC t͡ɕiaX, “this (possessive case)”) > 者 (MC t͡ɕiaX, “this (general demonstrative)”) > Mandarin 這 (zhè).
  • From 之 (OC *tjɯ, “this; it”) (Wang, 1990). Norman (1988) notes that this derivation would be phonologically problematic.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: zhèi - colloquial contraction of 這一 (zhèyī), used when it is followed by classifier or numeral + classifier.
Note: ze3, ze5 - rare.
Note:
  • ché - literary;
  • liá/yá, gê3/ê3 - may be etymologically unrelated to the Mandarin readings.
  • Jin
    • Note: zei3 - determiner (contraction of 這一 (zeh4 ieh4)).
    Note: literary.
    Note:
    • ché/chí/che - pronoun (chí usually written as 只), may be etymologically unrelated to the Mandarin readings;
    • chit - determiner (contraction of 這一), may be etymologically unrelated to the Mandarin readings;
    • chiá - literary.
  • Wu

    • Definitions[edit]

    這

    1. this; these
      看這本書。 / 看这本书。  ―  Kàn zhè běn shū.  ―  Read this book.
      這是一個老故事。 / 这是一个老故事。  ―  Zhè shì yī ge lǎo gùshì.  ―  This is an old story.
    2. Synonym of 這樣／这样 (zhèyàng, “like this; such”).
      這可不行！ / 这可不行！  ―  Zhè kě bùxíng!  ―  This is not okay!
    3. at this moment; right away; at once
      我這就去。 / 我这就去。  ―  Wǒ zhè jiù qù.  ―  I'll go now.
    4. filler particle usually used when the speaker is tongue-tied.
    5. meaningless particle in a sentence.
    Synonyms[edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 這 (“this”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 此, 斯, 是, 之, 茲 anteclassical, 夫, 爾
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 這
    Mandarin Beijing 這
    Taiwan 這
    Malaysia 這
    Singapore 這
    Cantonese Guangzhou 呢, 依
    Hong Kong 呢, 依
    Taishan 該
    Kuala Lumpur 呢
    Singapore 呢
    Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 這
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 這
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 這
    Dongshi (Dabu) 這
    Hsinchu (Raoping) 這
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 這
    Huizhou Jixi 爾
    Min Dong Fuzhou 只
    Min Nan Xiamen 這
    Quanzhou 只, 這
    Zhangzhou 這
    Taipei 這
    Penang (Hokkien) 這
    Singapore (Hokkien) 這
    Chaozhou 只
    Shantou 只
    Haifeng 只
    Singapore (Teochew) 只
    Wu Shanghai 搿, 迭 old-style, 第 obsolete
    Wenzhou 個
    Antonyms[edit]
    • 那 (nà, “that, those”)

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 這

    Etymology 2[edit]

    trad. 這
    simp. 这

    Original meaning of this character. It is part of the 迎 (OC *ŋaŋ, *ŋraŋs, “to face, to meet”) word family; see there for more.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Rime
    Character 這
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
    Final (韻) 仙 (79)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) Chongniu III
    Fanqie 魚變切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ŋˠiᴇnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ŋᵚiɛnH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ŋiænH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ŋianH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ŋjɛnH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ŋĭɛnH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ŋi̯ɛnH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yàn
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 這
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 14270
    Phonetic
    component         		言
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		彥
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ŋrans/
    Notes 今表近指另爲適（之石切）省文

    Definitions[edit]

    這

    1. † to welcome; to greet; to receive

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    這

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

    1. crawl, creep, grovel
    2. this

    Readings[edit]

    As borrowing from Middle Chinese 這 (MC ŋˠiᴇnH):

    • Go-on: げん (gen)
    • Kan-on: げん (gen)

    As borrowing from Mandarin 這 (zhè):

    From native Japanese roots:

    Compounds[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    這 • (jeo, eon) (hangeul 저, 언)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    這: Hán Nôm readings: giá, gió

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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