From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
U+901A, 通
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-901A

[U+9019]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+901B]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
10 strokes

Han character

[edit]

(Kangxi radical 162, +7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜弓戈月 (YNIB), four-corner 37302, composition )

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1258, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38892
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1743, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3845, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+901A

Chinese

[edit]
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

[edit]

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *l̥ʰoːŋ) : semantic + phonetic (OC *loŋʔ).

Etymology 1

[edit]
trad.
simp. #

Pronunciation

[edit]

Note:
  • tĕ̤ng - vernacular;
  • tŭng - literary.
Note:
  • tang1 - vernacular;
  • torng1 - literary.
Note:
  • thang - vernacular ("can, may");
  • thong - literary ("to be clear, clear, to clear, entire, clearly").
Note:
  • tang1 - vernacular;
  • tong1 - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (6)
Final () (1)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter thuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/tʰuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/tʰuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/tʰuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/tʰəwŋ/
Li
Rong
/tʰuŋ/
Wang
Li
/tʰuŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/tʰuŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
tōng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
tung1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
tōng
Middle
Chinese
‹ thuwng ›
Old
Chinese
/*l̥ˁoŋ/
English penetrate

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 15428
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*l̥ʰoːŋ/

Definitions

[edit]

  1. to pass through; to travel through; to go through; or, to allow passage
    心粉  ―  tōngxīnfěn  ―  macaroni (lit. "pass-through heart pasta")
    行不  ―  xíngbùtōng  ―  to be not feasible
      ―  cǐ lù bùtōng  ―  No passing road.
    結束沿線鐵路歷史 [MSC, trad.]
    结束沿线铁路历史 [MSC, simp.]
    Jiéshù le yánxiàn bā ge xiàn bù tōng tiělù de lìshǐ. [Pinyin]
    Ending the history of railroads not passing through these eight counties.
    1. (telephony) to get through
      [Cantonese, trad.]
      [Cantonese, simp.]
      ngo5 daa2 zo2 gei2 ci3 dou1 daa2 m4 tung1. [Jyutping]
      I tried to call several times but couldn't get through.
  2. to open up; to clear out; to unblock
    去水 [Cantonese, trad.]
    去水 [Cantonese, simp.]
    tiu4 heoi3 seoi2 hau4 coi3 zo2, jiu3 wan2 jan4 lai4 tung1 faan1 keoi5. [Jyutping]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  3. to lead to; to go to
  4. to understand; to know
    英語英语  ―  tōng yīngyǔ  ―  to speak English
    人情  ―  tōngrénqíng  ―  to be unreasonable
  5. to connect; to communicate
      ―  tōngshāng  ―  to have trade relations
    係咪 [Cantonese, trad.]
    系咪 [Cantonese, simp.]
    loeng5 gaan1 fong4-2 hai6 mai6 tung1 gaa3? [Jyutping]
    Do the two rooms connect?
  6. to notify; to tell
      ―  tōngbào  ―  to notify
    電話电话  ―  tōng ge diànhuà  ―  to give someone a call
  7. logical; coherent
    [Cantonese]  ―  gong2 m4 tung1 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  8. expert
    中國中国  ―  zhōngguótōng  ―  one who knows China very much
  9. (of Chinese characters) to be etymologically related to and carry a similar meaning to
    …………  ―  ...... tōng “guó”  ―  … is the same as " (guó)"
  10. general; common
      ―  tōngchēng  ―  to be generally known as
      ―  tōngbìng  ―  common failing
  11. whole; entire
      ―  tōng  ―  whole night
  12. (Cantonese) pipe-shaped object
    [Cantonese]  ―  tit3 tung1 [Jyutping]  ―  iron pipe
  13. (Cantonese) Short for 通心粉 (“macaroni”).
    [Cantonese]  ―  teoi2 tung1 [Jyutping]  ―  macaroni with ham
  14. (literary) Classifier for phone calls, letters, telegrams, etc..
    電報电报  ―  tōng diànbào  ―  one telegram
  15. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) very; most; clearly
  16. (Southern Min) can; may
    alt. forms: ,
    [Hokkien]  ―  Che thang chia̍h--bô? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  Can this be eaten?
Synonyms
[edit]
  • (telephony: to get through): ()
  • (macaroni):

Compounds

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]
trad.
simp. #

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

  1. Classifier for rolls of the drum.
  2. Classifier for actions.
    胡說胡说  ―  húshuō yī tòng  ―  to talk a heap of nonsense
    牢騷牢骚  ―  fā le yī tòng láosāo  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Etymology 3

[edit]
trad.
simp. #
alternative forms
Hokkien
Hokkien
Teochew

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

  1. (Southern Min) to lead to
  2. (Hokkien) to go through; to penetrate
  3. (Teochew) to be proficient in
  4. (Hokkien, as a complement) complete; comprehensive
  5. (Southern Min) throughout
    規年 [Hokkien, trad.]
    规年 [Hokkien, simp.]
    kui-nî-thàng-thiⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    throughout the year
    [Teochew]  ―  tang3 rig8 [Peng'im]  ―  whole day

Further reading

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]
Shinjitai
Kyūjitai
[1]

通󠄁
+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
通󠄃
+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

[edit]

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. pass through

Readings

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]

Counter

[edit]

(つう) (-tsū

  1. documents
    (しょう)(しょ)(いっ)(つう)
    shōsho ittsū
    one certificate

Noun

[edit]

(つう) (tsū

  1. authority, expert, connoisseur
    ()()(つう)
    shinatsū
    China hand

Proper noun

[edit]

(とおる) (Tōru

  1. a male given name

References

[edit]
  1. ^ ”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

(eumhun 통할 (tonghal tong))

  1. hanja form? of (pass through)

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

: Hán Việt readings: thông ((tha)(đông)(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
: Nôm readings: thong[1][2][3][6][4][5][7], thông[1][2][4][7], thồng[5], thỗng[5]

  1. chữ Hán form of thông (to go through; to pass through).
  2. chữ Hán form of thông (to clear off; to unchoke; to unclog).
  3. chữ Hán form of thông (to be familiar with; to master; to be fluent or conversant).
  4. Nôm form of thong (clear; open; having a passage through).
  5. Nôm form of thong (to communicate).

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]