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傷

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 伤
傷 U+50B7, 傷
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-50B7
← 傶
[U+50B6] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 傸 →
[U+50B8]

Translingual

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Han character

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傷 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+11, 13 strokes, Cangjie input 人人日竹 (OOAH), four-corner 28227, composition ⿰亻𬀷)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 115, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1029
  • Dae Jaweon: page 244, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 211, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+50B7

Chinese

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trad. 傷
simp. 伤

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 傷
s05872
Transcribed ancient scripts
L32624
L32625
L32626
L32627
L32628
L09277
L09278
L09279
L09280
L09281
L09282
L09283
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (昜) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
湯 *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋs, *hljaŋ
踼 *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋʔ, *l'aːŋ, *l'aːŋs
蝪 *l̥ʰaːŋ
薚 *l̥ʰaːŋ
簜 *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l'aːŋʔ
盪 *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋs, *l'aːŋʔ
偒 *l̥ʰaːŋʔ
蕩 *l̥ʰaːŋs, *l'aːŋʔ
燙 *l̥ʰaːŋs
啺 *l'aːŋ
碭 *l'aːŋ, *l'aːŋs
婸 *l'aːŋʔ
愓 *l'aːŋʔ
璗 *l'aːŋʔ
崵 *l'aːŋʔ, *laŋ
逿 *l'aːŋs
暢 *l̥ʰaŋs
畼 *l̥ʰaŋs
腸 *l'aŋ
場 *l'aŋ
傷 *hljaŋ, *hljaŋs
殤 *hljaŋ
觴 *hljaŋ
慯 *hljaŋ, *hljaŋs
禓 *hljaŋ, *laŋ
塲 *hljaŋ
陽 *laŋ
楊 *laŋ
揚 *laŋ
瘍 *laŋ
煬 *laŋ, *laŋs
鍚 *laŋ
暘 *laŋ
颺 *laŋ, *laŋs
昜 *laŋ
輰 *laŋ
敭 *laŋ
鰑 *laŋ
諹 *laŋ, *laŋs
瑒 *laŋ, *rlaːŋʔ
鸉 *laŋ
餳 *ljaːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hljaŋ, *hljaŋs): semantic 人 + phonetic 𥏻.

Current form resembles 从 + 昜. The top component of the character is unrelated to 旅, 每, 复, 乞 as well as 人.

Etymology

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Perhaps a causative of 瘍 (OC *laŋ, “ulcers”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • sieo1/siunn1 - vernacular;
  • syorng1/syoeng1 - literary.
Note:
  • siong/siang - literary;
    • siuⁿ/sioⁿ - vernacular.
  • Penang:
    • siong (wound, injury);
    • siauⁿ (too, excessively).
Note:
  • sion1 - Shantou;
  • siên1 - Chaozhou.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: xiang1 / xio1
      • Sinological IPA: /siaŋ³⁵/, /siɔ³⁵/
Note:
  • xiang1 - literary;
  • xio1 - vernacular.
Note:
  • Chongming:
    • 1saon - vernacular;
    • 1san - literary.
Rime
Character 傷 傷
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 書 (26) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 陽 (105) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 式羊切 式亮切
Baxter syang syangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɕɨɐŋ/ /ɕɨɐŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɕiɐŋ/ /ɕiɐŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɕiɑŋ/ /ɕiɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɕɨaŋ/ /ɕɨaŋH/
Li
Rong 		/ɕiaŋ/ /ɕiaŋH/
Wang
Li 		/ɕĭaŋ/ /ɕĭaŋH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɕi̯aŋ/ /ɕi̯aŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shāng shàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		soeng1 soeng3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 傷
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shāng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ syang ›
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥aŋ/
English wound

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 傷 傷
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 14581 14588
Phonetic
component 		昜 昜
Rime
group 		陽 陽
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		商 餉
Old
Chinese 		/*hljaŋ/ /*hljaŋs/

Definitions

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傷

  1. wound; injury
    刀傷／刀伤  ―  dāoshāng  ―  knife wound
  2. to injure; to hurt
    傷感情／伤感情  ―  shāng gǎnqíng  ―  to hurt someone's feelings
    我傷了腿。／我伤了腿。  ―  Wǒ shāng le tuǐ.  ―  I injured my leg.
    被摩托車撞傷／被摩托车撞伤  ―  bèi mótuōchē zhuàng shāng  ―  to be knocked down and injured by a motorcycle
  3. to fall ill from
  4. to get sick of something
  5. to harm
    無傷大雅／无伤大雅  ―  wúshāngdàyǎ  ―  to not matter much; to do no harm
  6. distressed; sorrowful
    傷感／伤感  ―  shānggǎn  ―  sentimental
    悲傷／悲伤  ―  bēishāng  ―  sad' sorrowful
  7. (Southern Min) too; excessively
    傷大／伤大 [Hokkien]  ―  siuⁿ tōa [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  too big
  8. (Singapore Hokkien, literal) injurious
  9. (Singapore Hokkien, slang) very tough or difficult
  10. a surname

Synonyms

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  • (too):
Dialectal synonyms of 太 (“too; excessively”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 太, 過於
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 太, 忒
Taiwan 太
Malaysia 太
Singapore 太
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 太, 忒
Jinan 太, 忒
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 太
Xi'an 太
Xuzhou 忒
Donghai 太
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 太
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 太
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 太
Wuhan 太, 忒
Guiyang 太
Guilin 太
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 太
Yangzhou 太
Baoying 太
Taizhou 太
Zhenjiang 太
Yancheng 太
Hefei 太
Cantonese Guangzhou 太, 得滯 >, 過頭 >
Hong Kong 太, 太過, 得滯 >, 過頭 >, 過龍 >
Taishan 得滯 >
Dongguan 得滯 >
Yangjiang 得滯 >
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 太
Singapore (Guangfu) 太
Gan Nanchang 太
Lichuan 太
Pingxiang 太
Hakka Meixian 忒
Dongguan (Qingxi) 太, 過頭 >
Wuhua (Huacheng) 忒
Heyuan (Bendihua) 太
Wengyuan 太
Liannan 太
Jiexi 忒
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 太, 忒
Changting 忒
Wuping 忒
Wuping (Yanqian) 忒
Liancheng 忒
Ninghua 忒
Yudu 太
Ningdu 太, 忒
Tonggu (Sandu) 忒
Ganzhou (Panlong) 太
Dayu 太
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 忒
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 忒
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 忒
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 忒
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 忒
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 忒
Hong Kong 太, 過頭 >
Yangxi (Tangkou) 太
Yangchun (Sanjia) 太
Xinyi (Sihe) 太
Xinyi (Qianpai) 太
Gaozhou (Xindong) 太
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 太
Huazhou (Xin'an) 忒
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 忒
Lianjiang (Qingping) 太
Mengshan (Xihe) 太
Luchuan 太
Senai (Huiyang) 過頭 >
Kuching (Hepo) 過頭
Huizhou Jixi 太
Jin Taiyuan 太
Northern Min Jian'ou 忒
Jian'ou (Dikou) 忒
Songxi 忒
Zhenghe 忒
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 忒
Jianyang 忒
Wuyishan 忒
Pucheng (Shibei) 忒
Eastern Min Fuzhou 過, 恰
Fuzhou (Changle) 恰
Lianjiang 恰
Fuqing 恰
Pingtan 恰
Yongtai 恰
Minqing 恰
Gutian 恰
Pingnan 恰
Luoyuan 恰
Fu'an 恰
Ningde 恰
Xiapu 恰
Zherong 恰
Shouning 恰
Zhouning 恰
Fuding 恰
Southern Min Xiamen 傷, 傷過
Xiamen (Tong'an) 傷
Quanzhou 傷, 傷過
Jinjiang 傷, 太
Nan'an 傷
Shishi 傷
Hui'an 傷
Anxi 傷
Yongchun 傷
Dehua 傷
Zhangzhou 傷, 傷過
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 傷
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 傷
Hua'an 傷
Nanjing 傷
Pinghe 傷
Zhangpu 傷
Yunxiao 傷
Zhao'an 傷
Dongshan 傷
Taipei 傷
New Taipei (Sanxia) 傷
Kaohsiung 傷
Yilan 傷
Changhua (Lukang) 傷
Taichung 傷
Tainan 傷
Hsinchu 傷
Kinmen 傷
Penghu (Magong) 傷
Penang (Hokkien) 傷, 太
Singapore (Hokkien) 傷, 傷過, 過, 佮
Manila (Hokkien) 傷, 傷過
Longyan 蓋
Zhangping 傷
Chaozhou 佮
Shantou 佮, 過
Jieyang 佮, 過
Bangkok (Teochew) 佮
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 佮
Singapore (Teochew) 佮, 過
Puxian Min Putian 傷
Xianyou 傷
Central Min Yong'an 太
Sanming (Sanyuan) 忒
Sanming (Shaxian) 太
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 太, 過頭 >
Wu Shanghai 忒, 過於, 忒煞, 忒以 dated
Shanghai (Chongming) 忒
Suzhou 忒
Changshu 脫
Nantong (Haimen) 忒
Danyang 太
Nanjing (Gaochun) 太
Hangzhou 忒
Ningbo 忒
Wenzhou 忒
Jinhua 太, 忒
Xiang Changsha 太
Shuangfeng 太, 忒
Note > - after adjective or adverb

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (傷):
  • → Vietnamese: thương (傷)
  • → Zhuang: sieng

    • References

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    傷

    (Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

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    Compounds

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    Etymology 1

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    Kanji in this term
    傷
    きず
    Grade: 6
    kun'yomi
    Alternative spellings
    瑕
    疵
    創 (rare)

    ⟨ki1zu⟩ → */kizu/ → /kizu/

    From Old Japanese 瑕 (ki₁zu).

    Any apparent relation to verb 切(き)る (kiru, “to cut”) is rejected by mid-vowel preservation of its Ryukyuan cognates.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    傷(きず) or 傷(キズ) • (kizu) 

    1. any form of shallow wound: an injury, cut, scar
    2. any kind of light damage: a chip, scratch, blemish, stain
      車(くるま)の傷(きず)を消(け)す ― kuruma no kizu o kesu ― to remove a scratch on a car
    Compounds
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    Descendants
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    Etymology 2

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    Kanji in this term
    傷
    しょう
    Grade: 6
    on'yomi

    /sjau/ → /sʲɔː/ → /sʲoː/

    From Middle Chinese 傷 (MC syang).

    Affix

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    傷(しょう) • (shō) ←しやう (syau)?

    1. wound, injury
    2. damage, harm
    3. grief, sorrow
    Derived terms
    [edit]

    See also

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    References

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    1. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō

    Korean

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    Hanja

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    傷 • (sang) (hangeul 상, revised sang, McCune–Reischauer sang)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Compounds

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    Kunigami

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    Kanji

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    傷

    (Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

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    Etymology

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    From Proto-Ryukyuan *kezu.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    傷(きじー) (kijī) 

    1. a wound

    Miyako

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    Kanji

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    傷

    (Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

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    Etymology

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    From Proto-Ryukyuan *kezu.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    傷(きず) (kidzu) 

    1. a wound

    References

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    • “キズ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Miyako Dialect Dictionary.

    Okinawan

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    Kanji

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    傷

    (Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

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    Compounds

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    Etymology

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    Kanji in this term
    傷
    きじ
    Grade: 6
    kun'yomi

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *kezu.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    傷(きじ) (kiji) 

    1. a wound

    Derived terms

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    References

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    1. ^ Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo (国立国語研究所) (1963), 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawa-go Jiten) [Dictionary of the Okinawan Language] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京): Okurashō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省印刷局)

    Further reading

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    • “きじ【傷】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    傷: Hán Nôm readings: thương

    Verb

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    傷

    1. chữ Hán form of thương (“to wound”)
    2. chữ Hán form of thương (“to love (platonically)”)

    Yonaguni

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    Kanji

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    傷

    (Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

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    Etymology

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    From Proto-Ryukyuan *kezu.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    傷(きでぃ) (kidi) 

    1. a wound
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