楊

See also: 杨

楊 U+694A, 楊 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-694A ← 楉 [U+6949] CJK Unified Ideographs 楋 → [U+694B]

Translingual

Han character

楊 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+9, 13 strokes, Cangjie input 木日一竹 (DAMH), four-corner 4692₇, composition ⿰木昜)

Derived characters

• 鸉 (𱉴)

Additional Derived Characters

• 𣿘, 𬬍, 𱈾, 𰟣, 𥂸 (𬐠), 𩁒, 𦼴

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 538, character 30
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15112
• Dae Jaweon: page 926, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1248, character 4
• Unihan data for U+694A

Chinese

trad.		楊
simp.		杨

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 楊
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (昜) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
湯	*l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋs, *hljaŋ
踼	*l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋʔ, *l'aːŋ, *l'aːŋs
蝪	*l̥ʰaːŋ
薚	*l̥ʰaːŋ
簜	*l̥ʰaːŋ, *l'aːŋʔ
盪	*l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋs, *l'aːŋʔ
偒	*l̥ʰaːŋʔ
蕩	*l̥ʰaːŋs, *l'aːŋʔ
燙	*l̥ʰaːŋs
啺	*l'aːŋ
碭	*l'aːŋ, *l'aːŋs
婸	*l'aːŋʔ
愓	*l'aːŋʔ
璗	*l'aːŋʔ
崵	*l'aːŋʔ, *laŋ
逿	*l'aːŋs
暢	*l̥ʰaŋs
畼	*l̥ʰaŋs
腸	*l'aŋ
場	*l'aŋ
傷	*hljaŋ, *hljaŋs
殤	*hljaŋ
觴	*hljaŋ
慯	*hljaŋ, *hljaŋs
禓	*hljaŋ, *laŋ
塲	*hljaŋ
陽	*laŋ
楊	*laŋ
揚	*laŋ
瘍	*laŋ
煬	*laŋ, *laŋs
鍚	*laŋ
暘	*laŋ
颺	*laŋ, *laŋs
昜	*laŋ
輰	*laŋ
敭	*laŋ
鰑	*laŋ
諹	*laŋ, *laŋs
瑒	*laŋ, *rlaːŋʔ
鸉	*laŋ
餳	*ljaːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *laŋ): semantic 木 (“tree, wood”) + phonetic 昜 (OC *laŋ) – a kind of tree.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *glaŋ (“poplar, willow”). Cognate with Tibetan ལྕང་མ (lcang ma, “willow”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): yáng (yang²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄤˊ

  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): yáng

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): joeng⁴

  (Dongguan, Jyutping++): joeng⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): yiang³

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): yòng

  (Hailu, HRS): rhong

  (Meixian, Guangdong): yong²

• Jin (Wiktionary): ion¹
• Northern Min (KCR): iô̤ng
• Eastern Min (BUC): iòng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ieo² / iao² / iunn² / cieo² / ciao² / ciunn² / yorng² / oeng² / yoeng² / yang² / ieng² / uerng²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): iûⁿ / iôⁿ / chhiûⁿ / chhiôⁿ / chhiû / chhiōⁿ / iông / iâng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ion⁵ / iên⁵ / iang⁵

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): io⁵ / iang⁵

• Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): iang⁴
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶yan / ²yan
  • (Jinhua): ²iaon
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ian²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yáng
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄤˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yáng
    • Wade–Giles: yang²
    • Yale: yáng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yang
    • Palladius: ян (jan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑŋ³⁵/
  • (Xi'an)
    • Guanzhong Pinyin: yáng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iaŋ²⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: joeng⁴
    • Yale: yèuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: joeng⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yêng⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jœːŋ²¹/
  • (Dongguan, Guancheng)
    • Jyutping++: joeng⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /zøŋ²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: yiang³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiaŋ²²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yòng
    • Hakka Romanization System: iong^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yong²
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯oŋ¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yòng
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iong^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yong²
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯oŋ¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: rhong
    • Sinological IPA: /ʒoŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: yong²
    • Sinological IPA: /iɔŋ¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: ion¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /iɒ̃¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: iô̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɔŋ³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: iòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yoŋ⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Nanri)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ieo²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: á̤uⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ieu¹³/
  • (Jiangkou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: iao²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɐu¹³/
  • (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: iunn²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ĩũ²⁴/
  • (Donghai)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: iunn²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ĩũ¹³/
  • (Putian, Nanri)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: cieo²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: chá̤uⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰieu¹³/
  • (Jiangkou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ciao²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiɐu¹³/
  • (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ciunn²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰĩũ²⁴/
  • (Donghai)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ciunn²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰĩũ¹³/
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: yorng²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ió̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yɒŋ¹³/
  • (Jiangkou, Nanri)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: oeng²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /œŋ¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: yoeng²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yøŋ²⁴/
  • (Youyang)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: yang²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yɐŋ²⁴/
  • (Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ieng²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ieŋ²⁴/
  • (Donghai)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: uerng²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /uɤŋ¹³/

Note:

• ieo2/iao2/iunn2 - vernacular (surname);
• ieo2/iao2/iunn2 - vernacular (e.g. 楊梅);
• yorng2/oeng2/yoeng2/yang2/ieng2/uerng2 - literary (e.g. 楊柳).

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iûⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: iûnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: viuu
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /iũ²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /iũ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iôⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: iônn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: viooi
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɔ̃¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Tainan): /iɔ̃²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiûⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tshiûnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chviuu
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiũ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiôⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tshiônn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chviooi
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɔ̃¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Taipei, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiû
    • Tâi-lô: tshiû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiuu
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen): /t͡sʰiu²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Tainan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiōⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tshiōnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chvioi
    • Sinological IPA (Tainan): /t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iông
    • Tâi-lô: iông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ioong
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /iɔŋ²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ²³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iâng
    • Tâi-lô: iâng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iaang
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /iaŋ¹³/

Note:

• iûⁿ/iôⁿ - vernacular (incl. surname);
• chhiûⁿ/chhiôⁿ/chhiû/chhiōⁿ - vernacular (in 楊梅／杨梅);
• iông/iâng - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ion⁵ / iên⁵ / iang⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iôⁿ / iêⁿ / iâng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ĩõ⁵⁵/, /ĩẽ⁵⁵/, /iaŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• ion5/iên5 - vernacular;
• iang5 - literary.

• (Leizhou)
  • Leizhou Pinyin: io⁵ / iang⁵
  • Sinological IPA: /iɔ²²/, /iaŋ²²/

Note:

• io5 - vernacular;
• iang5 - literary.

• Southern Pinghua
  • (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
    • Jyutping++: iang⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɐŋ²¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶yan
    • MiniDict: yan^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhian
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦiã²³/
  • (Northern: Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
    • Wugniu: ²yan
    • MiniDict: yan^平
    • Sinological IPA (Jiading): /ɦiã³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ɦiæ̃³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ɦiã²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɦiã²²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /ɦiaŋ¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /ɦiã³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ɦiæ̃²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /ɦiaŋ²³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /ɦiã³¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /ɦiã²²/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ²iaon
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /iɑŋ³¹³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: ian²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i̯æn¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: yang

Rime
Character	楊
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	與章切
Baxter	yang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/iɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/iaŋ/
Wang Li	/jĭaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	joeng4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*laŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*laŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	楊
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yáng
Middle Chinese	‹ yang ›
Old Chinese	/*laŋ/
English	poplar
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	楊
Reading #	1/1
No.	14591
Phonetic component	昜
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	陽
Old Chinese	/*laŋ/

Definitions

楊

1. poplar; aspen; willow
2. used in 楊桃／杨桃 (yángtáo)
3. used in 楊梅／杨梅 (yángméi)
4. a surname, listed sixteenth in the Baijiaxing

   楊堅／杨坚  ―  Yáng Jiān  ―  Yang Jian (Emperor Wen of Sui)

5. Young (English given name)

Compounds

• 周楊 / 周杨 (Zhōuyáng)
• 垂楊 / 垂杨
• 垂楊柳 / 垂杨柳
• 大楊樹 / 大杨树 (Dàyángshù)
• 曹楊 / 曹杨 (Cáoyáng)
• 東門之楊 / 东门之杨
• 柏楊 / 柏杨 (Bǎiyáng)
• 枯楊生稊 / 枯杨生稊
• 枯楊生華 / 枯杨生华
• 桁楊 / 桁杨
• 楊乃武 / 杨乃武
• 楊四將軍 / 杨四将军
• 楊園 / 杨园 (Yángyuán)
• 楊壋 / 杨垱 (Yángdàng)
• 楊太真 / 杨太真
• 楊子 / 杨子
• 楊家 / 杨家 (Yángjiā)
• 楊家坡 / 杨家坡 (Yángjiāpō)
• 楊家坳 / 杨家坳 (Yángjiā'ào)
• 楊家將 / 杨家将
• 楊家廠 / 杨家厂 (Yángjiāchǎng)
• 楊家浲 / 杨家浲 (Yángjiāféng)
• 楊家湖 / 杨家湖 (Yángjiāhú)
• 楊寨 / 杨寨 (Yángzhài)
• 楊山 / 杨山 (Yángshān)
• 楊嶺 / 杨岭 (Yánglǐng)
• 楊店 / 杨店 (Yángdiàn)
• 楊志賣刀 / 杨志卖刀
• 楊戩 / 杨戬
• 楊林 / 杨林 (Yánglín)
• 楊林市 / 杨林市 (Yánglínshì)
• 楊林橋 / 杨林桥 (Yánglínqiáo)
• 楊林溝 / 杨林沟 (Yánglíngōu)
• 楊枝魚 / 杨枝鱼
• 楊柳 / 杨柳 (yángliǔ)
• 楊柳腰 / 杨柳腰
• 楊柳青 / 杨柳青
• 楊桃 / 杨桃 (yángtáo)
• 楊梅 / 杨梅 (yángméi)
• 楊氏係數 / 杨氏系数
• 楊河 / 杨河 (Yánghé)
• 楊泗將軍 / 杨泗将军
• 楊泗菩薩 / 杨泗菩萨
• 楊溪灣 / 杨溪湾 (Yángxīwān)
• 楊溪鋪 / 杨溪铺 (Yángxīpù)
• 楊畈 / 杨畈 (Yángfàn)
• 楊白花 / 杨白花
• 楊白頭 / 杨白头
• 楊花 / 杨花 (yánghuā)
• 楊花水性 / 杨花水性 (yánghuāshuǐxìng)
• 楊莊 / 杨庄 (Yángzhuāng)
• 楊葉竄兒 / 杨叶窜儿
• 楊貴妃 / 杨贵妃 (Yáng Guìfēi)
• 楊貴店 / 杨贵店 (Yángguìdiàn)
• 楊集 / 杨集 (Yángjí)
• 楊墨 / 杨墨
• 水性楊花 / 水性杨花 (shuǐxìngyánghuā)
• 水楊 / 水杨
• 水楊酸 / 水杨酸 (shuǐyángsuān)
• 潘楊之睦 / 潘杨之睦
• 白楊 / 白杨 (báiyáng)
• 白楊坪 / 白杨坪 (Báiyángpíng)
• 百步穿楊 / 百步穿杨 (bǎibùchuānyáng)
• 穿楊 / 穿杨
• 穿楊百步 / 穿杨百步
• 穿楊貫蝨 / 穿杨贯虱
• 綠楊垂柳 / 绿杨垂柳
• 胡楊 / 胡杨 (húyáng)
• 赤楊 / 赤杨
• 銀白楊 / 银白杨
• 長楊 / 长杨
• 青楊 / 青杨
• 章臺楊柳 / 章台杨柳
• 響楊 / 响杨
• 風裡楊花 / 风里杨花
• 黃楊厄閏 / 黄杨厄闰

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (楊):

• → Vietnamese: dương (楊)

Others:

• → English: Yang, Yeung, Yeo, Yeoh, Yong, Young
• → Tagalog: Yu, Young

References

• “楊”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• “楊”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2026.
• “楊”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Mandarin and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “杨”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 254.

Japanese

Kanji

楊

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. willow; poplar; aspen

Readings

• Go-on: よう (yō)^{←やう (yau, historical)}
• Kan-on: よう (yō)^{←やう (yau, historical)}
• Kun: やなぎ (yanagi, 楊)
• Nanori: やす (yasu)

Compounds

• 楊枝(ようじ) (yōji, “toothpick”)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
楊
よう Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 楊 (MC yang).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [jo̞ː]

Affix

楊(よう) • (yō) 

1. willow; poplar; aspen

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
楊
やなぎ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 楊 – see the following entry.

【柳やなぎ】S [noun] 柳, 楊, 楊柳: [circa 759] a willow tree Alternative spellings 楊柳, ヤナギ

(This term, 楊, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

• “^▲楊”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja

楊 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang)

1. (버들): willow

Synonyms

• 柳

Compounds

• 垂楊 (수양, suyang) weeping willow

Vietnamese

Han character

楊: Hán Nôm readings: dương

1. chữ Hán form of Dương (“a surname”)

   楊秋香 ― Dương Thu Hương