暢

See also: 畅

暢 U+66A2, 暢 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66A2 ← 暡 [U+66A1] CJK Unified Ideographs 暣 → [U+66A3]

Translingual

Han character

暢 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+10, 14 strokes, Cangjie input 中中日一竹 (LLAMH), four-corner 5602₇, composition ⿰申昜)

Derived characters

• 𦿄, 𡒮

Related characters

• 畅 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 498, character 49
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14095
• Dae Jaweon: page 867, character 27
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1529, character 10
• Unihan data for U+66A2

Chinese

trad.		暢
simp.		畅
alternative forms		昶 𣈱 畼／𪽈

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (昜) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
湯	*l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋs, *hljaŋ
踼	*l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋʔ, *l'aːŋ, *l'aːŋs
蝪	*l̥ʰaːŋ
薚	*l̥ʰaːŋ
簜	*l̥ʰaːŋ, *l'aːŋʔ
盪	*l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋs, *l'aːŋʔ
偒	*l̥ʰaːŋʔ
蕩	*l̥ʰaːŋs, *l'aːŋʔ
燙	*l̥ʰaːŋs
啺	*l'aːŋ
碭	*l'aːŋ, *l'aːŋs
婸	*l'aːŋʔ
愓	*l'aːŋʔ
璗	*l'aːŋʔ
崵	*l'aːŋʔ, *laŋ
逿	*l'aːŋs
暢	*l̥ʰaŋs
畼	*l̥ʰaŋs
腸	*l'aŋ
場	*l'aŋ
傷	*hljaŋ, *hljaŋs
殤	*hljaŋ
觴	*hljaŋ
慯	*hljaŋ, *hljaŋs
禓	*hljaŋ, *laŋ
塲	*hljaŋ
陽	*laŋ
楊	*laŋ
揚	*laŋ
瘍	*laŋ
煬	*laŋ, *laŋs
鍚	*laŋ
暘	*laŋ
颺	*laŋ, *laŋs
昜	*laŋ
輰	*laŋ
敭	*laŋ
鰑	*laŋ
諹	*laŋ, *laŋs
瑒	*laŋ, *rlaːŋʔ
鸉	*laŋ
餳	*ljaːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l̥ʰaŋs): semantic 申 + phonetic 昜 (OC *laŋ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chàng (chang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): coeng³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhóng / thiong

  (Hailu, HRS): chong^ˊ / tiong^ˇ

• Northern Min (KCR): tio̿ng
• Eastern Min (BUC): tuóng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): tyorng⁴ / tyoeng⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): thiòng / thiàng / chhióng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tiang³ / tang³

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵tshan / ⁵chiaen / ⁵chian / ¹tshan / ³tshan / ⁵tshaon
  • (Jinhua): ⁵chiaon

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chàng
    • Wade–Giles: chʻang⁴
    • Yale: chàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chanq
    • Palladius: чан (čan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: coeng³
    • Yale: cheung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng³
    • Guangdong Romanization: cêng³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰœːŋ³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhóng / thiong
    • Hakka Romanization System: cong^ˋ / tiong
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cong³ / tiong⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ³¹/, /tʰi̯oŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: chong^ˊ / tiong^ˇ
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰoŋ²⁴/, /tʰioŋ¹¹/

Note: thiong/tiongˇ - borrowed from Taiwanese Hokkien.

• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tio̿ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiɔŋ³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: tuóng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰuɔŋ²¹³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: tyorng⁴
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: tio̤̍ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰyɒŋ⁴²/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: tyoeng⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰyøŋ⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Tong'an)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiòng
    • Tâi-lô: thiòng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tioxng
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tʰiɔŋ¹¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiɔŋ⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /tʰiɔŋ²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Tong'an): /tʰiɔŋ¹¹²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiàng
    • Tâi-lô: thiàng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tiaxng
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiaŋ²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhióng
    • Tâi-lô: tshióng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiorng
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: tiang³ / tang³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thiàng / thàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiaŋ²¹³/, /tʰaŋ²¹³/

Note: tang3 - Chaozhou-specific meanings.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chuansha, Suzhou, Yixing, Jiaxing, Tongxiang, Haining, Haiyan, Hangzhou, Xiaoshan, Fuyang, Shaoxing)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tshan
    • MiniDict: tshan^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tshan
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰã³⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiading): /t͡sʰã³⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /t͡sʰæ̃³⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Chuansha): /t͡sʰã³⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sʰã⁵²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Yixing): /t͡sʰaŋ⁴¹²/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /t͡sʰã³³⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /t͡sʰã³³⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Haining): /t͡sʰã⁴⁴⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Haiyan): /t͡sʰã³⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡sʰɑŋ⁴⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiaoshan): /t͡sʰã⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Fuyang): /t͡sʰã³³⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /t͡sʰaŋ³³/
  • (Northern: Jingjiang)
    • Wugniu: ⁵chiaen
    • Sinological IPA (Jingjiang): /t͡ɕʰiã⁵²/
  • (Northern: Ningbo)
    • Wugniu: ⁵chian
    • MiniDict: chian^去
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡ɕʰiã⁵⁵/
  • (Northern: Cixi)
    • Wugniu: ¹tshan
    • Sinological IPA (Cixi): /t͡sʰã³²⁴/
  • (Northern: Chongming, Kunshan, Changzhou)
    • Wugniu: ³tshan
    • MiniDict: tshan^上
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /t͡sʰã⁴²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kunshan): /t͡sʰã⁵²/
    • Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁵/
  • (Northern: Zhoushan)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tshaon
    • Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /t͡sʰɔ⁴⁴/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ⁵chiaon
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /t͡ɕʰiɑŋ⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: trhjangH

Rime
Character	暢
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	徹 (10)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	丑亮切
Baxter	trhjangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈʰɨɐŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈʰiɐŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶʰiɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈʰɨaŋH/
Li Rong	/ȶʰiaŋH/
Wang Li	/ȶʰĭaŋH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶʰi̯aŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	coeng3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰaŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	暢
Reading #	1/1
No.	14577
Phonetic component	昜
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	悵
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰaŋs/

Definitions

暢

1. unimpeded; smooth
2. comfortable
3. uninhibited; unrestrained
4. (Teochew) whole
5. (Teochew) to lead to; to go through
6. (Teochew) to know
7. a surname

Compounds

• 不暢 / 不畅
• 充暢 / 充畅 (chōngchàng)
• 和暢 / 和畅 (héchàng)
• 寬暢 / 宽畅 (kuānchàng)
• 怨暢 / 怨畅
• 放意暢懷 / 放意畅怀
• 敷暢 / 敷畅
• 明暢 / 明畅
• 暢事 / 畅事
• 暢好 / 畅好
• 暢寄 / 畅寄
• 暢快 / 畅快 (chàngkuài)
• 暢想 / 畅想 (chàngxiǎng)
• 暢意 / 畅意
• 暢懷 / 畅怀 (chànghuái)
• 暢所欲言 / 畅所欲言 (chàngsuǒyùyán)
• 暢敘 / 畅叙 (chàngxù)
• 暢旺 / 畅旺 (chàngwàng)
• 暢月 / 畅月
• 暢洽 / 畅洽
• 暢然 / 畅然
• 暢茂 / 畅茂
• 暢行 / 畅行 (chàngxíng)
• 暢行無阻 / 畅行无阻 (chàngxíngwúzǔ)
• 暢談 / 畅谈 (chàngtán)
• 暢轂 / 畅毂
• 暢通 / 畅通 (chàngtōng)
• 暢通無阻 / 畅通无阻 (chàngtōngwúzǔ)
• 暢遊 / 畅游 (chàngyóu)
• 暢達 / 畅达 (chàngdá)
• 暢遂 / 畅遂
• 暢銷 / 畅销 (chàngxiāo)
• 暢銷書 / 畅销书 (chàngxiāoshū)
• 暢飲 / 畅饮 (chàngyǐn)
• 暢鬱 / 畅郁
• 曉暢 / 晓畅 (xiǎochàng)
• 朗暢 / 朗畅 (lǎngchàng)
• 條暢 / 条畅 (tiáochàng)
• 歡暢 / 欢畅 (huānchàng)
• 流暢 / 流畅 (liúchàng)
• 舒暢 / 舒畅 (shūchàng)
• 貨暢其流 / 货畅其流
• 通暢 / 通畅 (tōngchàng)
• 酣暢 / 酣畅 (hānchàng)
• 酣暢淋漓 / 酣畅淋漓 (hānchànglínlí)
• 開暢 / 开畅
• 順暢 / 顺畅 (shùnchàng)

References

• (Min Nan) “暢”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2026.
• “暢”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

暢

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: ちょう (chō)
• Kan-on: ちょう (chō)
• Kun: とおる (tōru, 暢る)、のびる (nobiru, 暢る)

Proper noun

暢(とおる) • (Tōru) 

1. a male given name

Korean

Hanja

暢 (eum 창 (chang))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

暢: Hán Nôm readings: sướng

1. chữ Hán form of sướng (“happy; elated”)