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柳

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 枊
柳 U+67F3, 柳
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67F3
← 柲
[U+67F2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 柴 →
[U+67F4]
柳 U+F9C9, 柳
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9C9
← 杻
[U+F9C8] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 流 →
[U+F9CA]

Translingual

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Han character

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柳 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木竹竹中 (DHHL), four-corner 47920, composition ⿰木卯)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 521, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14662
  • Dae Jaweon: page 909, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1187, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+67F3

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 柳
alternative forms
枊
栁
桺
𫞉
𬂪
枊
栁
桺
𫞉
𬂪
橮 ancient
 
Wikipedia has articles on:
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 柳
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (卯) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
卯 *mruːʔ
昴 *mruːʔ
泖 *mruːʔ
茆 *mruːʔ, *m·ruʔ
奅 *m̥ʰruːs
窌 *m̥ʰruːs, *m·ruː, *m·rus
聊 *m·rɯːw
貿 *mlus
鄮 *mlus
劉 *m·ru
留 *m·ru, *m·rus
蒥 *m·ru
鶹 *m·ru
騮 *m·ru
榴 *m·ru
瑠 *ru
瘤 *m·ru, *m·rus
遛 *m·ru
鎦 *m·ru
飀 *m·ru
鰡 *m·ru
嵧 *m·ru
餾 *m·ru, *m·rus
瀏 *m·ru, *m·ruʔ
懰 *m·ru, *m·ruʔ
柳 *m·ruʔ
珋 *m·ruʔ
罶 *m·ruʔ
嬼 *m·ruʔ, *m·rus
溜 *m·rus
霤 *m·rus
廇 *m·rus
塯 *m·rus

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *m·ruʔ): semantic 木 + phonetic 卯 (OC *mruːʔ) in oracle bone script and bronze inscriptions.

Later 桺 (semantic 木 + phonetic 丣 (OC *luʔ)) in small seal script.

The glyph finally turned back to 木 (mù) + 卯 (mǎo) in the current form.

Etymology

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Smith (2011) reconstructs *[m-]ruʔ, with volitional or agentic prefix *m- (see Sagart, 1999) and root verb 流 (OC r(j)u) "to flow", resulting in *m-ruu "(cause to flow >) pour out, empty". If unprefixed, 柳 means "the flowing one"; if prefixed, "the pouring one". Recall English weeping willow.

Pronunciation

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Note:
Rime
Character 柳
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力久切
Baxter ljuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/liuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/liəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/luwX/
Li
Rong 		/liuX/
Wang
Li 		/lĭəuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/li̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		liǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lau5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 柳
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		liǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ljuwX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*([m]ə.)ruʔ/
English willow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 柳
Reading # 1/1
No. 8897
Phonetic
component 		卯
Rime
group 		幽
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		柳
Old
Chinese 		/*m·ruʔ/

Definitions

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柳

  1. willow, a member of the genus Salix
  2. (in compounds) fillet
    雞柳／鸡柳  ―  jīliǔ  ―  chicken fillet
    牛柳  ―  niúliǔ  ―  beef tenderloin
    豬柳／猪柳  ―  zhūliǔ  ―  pork fillet
    蟹柳  ―  xièliǔ  ―  crab stick
  3. (～宿) (Chinese astronomy) Willow mansion (one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions)
  4. a surname
    柳宗元  ―  Liǔ Zōngyuán  ―  Liu Zongyuan (Tang dynasty writer)

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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柳

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
柳
やなぎ
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
楊
楊柳
 ヤナギ on Japanese Wikipedia

From Old Japanese. Cognate with Kunigami 柳 (yanāji), Miyako 柳 (yanagzï), Okinawan 柳 (yanaji) (likely all early borrowings from Middle Japanese).

The ultimate derivation is uncertain, with several theories presented in reference works. Some of the main theories:

Considering the existence of synonymous form やぎ (yagi) that appears in certain compounds, the medial na element is likely the particle.

First cited to roughly 759 CE, in the Man'yōshū collection of poetry with the phonetic Man'yōgana spelling 也奈宜.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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柳(やなぎ) or 柳(ヤナギ) • (yanagi) 

  1. 柳, 楊, 楊柳: [circa 759] a willow tree
  2. 柳, 楊柳: [999] a style of 襲の色目 (kasane no irome, “color combination by layering of garments”), with white on the front and greenish-blue (or yellowish-green) on the back
  3. 柳, 楊柳: short for 柳色 (yanagi-iro): a dark yellow-green color, as from a willow leaf
  5. (hanafuda) the willow or rain suit in a hanafuda deck, representing the month of November and the number eleven in most of Japan (June and six in 虫花 (mushibana) decks, February and two in games from the Nagoya region, and December and twelve in Korea)
    Synonym: 雨 (ame, “rain”)

Usage notes

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  • As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ヤナギ (yanagi). As a hanafuda term, it is typically written in kanji, as 柳.
  • In some compounds, yanagi becomes yagi. See that entry for fuller details: やぎ.

Derived terms

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Proverbs

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See also
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Hanafuda suits in Japanese · 花札のスート (hanafuda no sūto) (layout · text)
1月 (ichigatsu) 2月 (nigatsu) 3月 (sangatsu) 4月 (shigatsu) 5月 (gogatsu) 6月 (rokugatsu)
松 (matsu) 梅 (ume) 桜 (sakura) 藤 (fuji)
黒豆 (kuromame) 		菖蒲 (ayame, shōbu)
杜若 (kakitsubata) 		牡丹 (botan)
7月 (shichigatsu) 8月 (hachigatsu) 9月 (kugatsu) 10月 (jūgatsu) 11月 (jūichigatsu) 12月 (jūnigatsu)
萩 (hagi)
赤豆 (akamame) 		芒 (susuki)
坊主 (bōzu) 		菊 (kiku) 紅葉 (momiji) 柳 (yanagi)
雨 (ame) 		桐 (kiri)

Proper noun

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柳(やなぎ) • (Yanagi) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
柳
やぎ
Grade: S
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 柳 – see the following entry.
【やぎ】
[noun] [from 759] willow tree
(This term, 柳, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)


Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
柳
りゅう
Grade: S
kan'on

/riu/ → /rjuː/

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 柳 (MC ljuwX). While the affix is cited in the 700s with this reading, the proper noun is first cited to a text from the mid-1400s.[3]

Pronunciation

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Affix

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柳(りゅう) • (ryū) ←りう (riu)?

  1. [from 700s] willow, especially weeping willow
  2. [from 700s] thin as a willow leaf
Derived terms
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Proper noun

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

柳(りゅう) • (Ryū) ←りう (Riu)?

  1. [from mid-1400s] (Chinese astronomy) the Willow as one of the twenty-eight mansions
    Synonym: 柳宿 (Ryūshuku)
  2. a female given name
  3. a surname

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 “柳”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ “柳”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

Korean

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

柳 (eumhun 버들 류 (beodeul ryu), word-initial (South Korea) 버들 유 (beodeul yu))

  1. hanja form? of 류/유 (“willow tree”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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柳: Hán Nôm readings: liễu, lẫu, lãu

  1. chữ Hán form of Liễu (“a surname from Chinese”)

Zhuang

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Noun

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柳

  1. Sawndip form of gyaeuj (“head; headhair”)
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