劉

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: 刘
劉 U+5289, 劉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5289
← 劈
[U+5288] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 劊 →
[U+528A]
劉 U+F9C7, 劉
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9C7
← 阮
[U+F9C6] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 杻 →
[U+F9C8]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

劉 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+13, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹金中弓 (HCLN), four-corner 72100, composition ⿰𨥫刂)

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 144, character 39
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2224
  • Dae Jaweon: page 325, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 359, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+5289

Chinese[edit]

trad. 劉
simp. 刘
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (卯) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
卯 *mruːʔ
昴 *mruːʔ
泖 *mruːʔ
茆 *mruːʔ, *m·ruʔ
奅 *m̥ʰruːs
窌 *m̥ʰruːs, *m·ruː, *m·rus
聊 *m·rɯːw
貿 *mlus
鄮 *mlus
劉 *m·ru
留 *m·ru, *m·rus
蒥 *m·ru
鶹 *m·ru
騮 *m·ru
榴 *m·ru
瑠 *ru
瘤 *m·ru, *m·rus
遛 *m·ru
鎦 *m·ru
飀 *m·ru
鰡 *m·ru
嵧 *m·ru
餾 *m·ru, *m·rus
瀏 *m·ru, *m·ruʔ
懰 *m·ru, *m·ruʔ
柳 *m·ruʔ
珋 *m·ruʔ
罶 *m·ruʔ
嬼 *m·ruʔ, *m·rus
溜 *m·rus
霤 *m·rus
廇 *m·rus
塯 *m·rus

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *m·ru): phonetic 卯 (OC *mruːʔ) + semantic 金 (“metal”) + semantic 刂 (“knife”).

Often written as 卯 (OC *mruːʔ) in the oracle bone script.

Etymology[edit]

kill, slaughter
Probably Sino-Tibetan; compare Tedim Chin gou⁵³ / gɔʔ¹¹ < rouh / rɔʔ/h (Schuessler, 2007).
Alternatively, from OC prefix *m- + 流 (OC *r(j)u). See 卯 (OC *mruːʔ).
battle-axe
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From sense "kill, slaughter"?”)
surname
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From sense "battle-ax"? Compare 粵/越 "Yue peoples, state of Yue" from 戉 "battle-ax"”)
Two origins are recorded: from 劉累 Liú Lěi, descendant of Emperor Yao and dragon-keeper of King Kong Jia of Xia; and from the Liu state (劉國) ruled by Duke Kang of Liu, younger brother of King Ding of Zhou.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • lâu - vernacular (incl. surname);
  • liû - literary.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 劉
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 來 (37)
    Final (韻) 尤 (136)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 力求切
    Baxter ljuw
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/lɨu/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/liu/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/liəu/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/luw/
    Li
    Rong         		/liu/
    Wang
    Li         		/lĭəu/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/li̯ə̯u/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		liú
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		lau4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 劉
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		liú
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ljuw ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*mə-ru/
    English kill; surname

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 劉
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 8881
    Phonetic
    component         		卯
    Rime
    group         		幽
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		劉
    Old
    Chinese         		/*m·ru/

    Definitions[edit]

    劉

    1. (obsolete) a type of battle axe
    2. (obsolete) to kill; to slaughter
    3. (obsolete) to conquer
    4. (obsolete) to wither
    5. (～國) State of Liu during the Zhou dynasty
    6. a surname
      劉邦／刘邦  ―  Liú Bāng  ―  Liu Bang (founding emperor of the Han Dynasty)
      劉少奇／刘少奇  ―  Liú Shàoqí  ―  Liu Shaoqi (Chinese revolutionary, politician and theorist)

    Compounds[edit]

    See also[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    • → English: Liu, Lau
    • → Tagalog: Lao

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    劉

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

    1. axe
    2. kill

    Readings[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    劉
    りゅう
    Jinmeiyō
    on’yomi
    Alternative spelling
    刘 (rare)

    劉(りゅう) • (Ryū) 

    1. a surname from Chinese

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    劉 (eumhun 죽일 류 (jugil ryu), South Korea 죽일 유 (jugil yu))

    1. Hanja form? of 류/유 (“to kill”).

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    劉: Hán Nôm readings: Lưu

    1. chữ Hán form of Lưu (“a surname from Chinese.”).
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=劉&oldid=76031310"