劉

劉 U+5289, 劉 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5289 ← 劈 [U+5288] CJK Unified Ideographs 劊 → [U+528A]

See also: 刘

Translingual

Han character

劉 (radical 18 刀+13, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹金中弓 (HCLN), four-corner 7210₀, composition ⿰𨥫刂)

References

• KangXi: page 144, character 39
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2224
• Dae Jaweon: page 325, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 359, character 4
• Unihan data for U+5289

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Chinese

trad.		劉
simp.		刘

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (卯) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
卯	*mruːʔ
昴	*mruːʔ
泖	*mruːʔ
茆	*mruːʔ, *m·ruʔ
奅	*m̥ʰruːs
窌	*m̥ʰruːs, *m·ruː, *m·rus
聊	*m·rɯːw
貿	*mlus
鄮	*mlus
劉	*m·ru
留	*m·ru, *m·rus
蒥	*m·ru
鶹	*m·ru
騮	*m·ru
榴	*m·ru
瑠	*ru
瘤	*m·ru, *m·rus
遛	*m·ru
鎦	*m·ru
飀	*m·ru
鰡	*m·ru
嵧	*m·ru
餾	*m·ru, *m·rus
瀏	*m·ru, *m·ruʔ
懰	*m·ru, *m·ruʔ
柳	*m·ruʔ
珋	*m·ruʔ
罶	*m·ruʔ
嬼	*m·ruʔ, *m·rus
溜	*m·rus
霤	*m·rus
廇	*m·rus
塯	*m·rus

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *m·ru): phonetic 卯 (OC *mruːʔ) + semantic 金 (“metal”) + semantic 刂 (“knife”).

Often written as 卯 (OC *mruːʔ) in the oracle bone script.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): liú (liu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄡˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lau⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): liù
• Min Dong (BUC): làu
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): lâu / liû

  (Teochew, Peng'im): lao⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): lieu (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: liú
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄡˊ
    • Wade-Giles: liu²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liou
    • IPA ^(key): /li̯oʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: lau⁴
    • Yale: làuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: leo⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /lɐu̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liù
    • Hakka Romanization System: liuˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: liu²
    • IPA: /li̯u¹¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: làu
    • IPA ^(key): /l̃au⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâu / liû
    • Tâi-lô: lâu / liû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: laau, liuu
    • IPA (Xiamen): /laʊ²⁴/, /liu²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /laʊ²⁴/, /liu²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /laʊ¹³/, /liu¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /laʊ²⁴/, /liu²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /laʊ²³/, /liu²³/

Note:

• lâu - vernacular;
• liû - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: lao⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lâu
  • IPA ^(key): /lau⁵⁵/

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: lieu (T3)
    • IPA ^(key): /liɜ²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /lɨu/▼

Rime
Character	劉
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力求切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/liu/
Shao Rongfen	/liəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/luw/
Li Rong	/liu/
Wang Li	/lĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liú

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*mə-ru/

  (Zhengzhang): /*m·ru/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	劉
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	liú
Middle Chinese	‹ ljuw ›
Old Chinese	/*mə-ru/
English	kill; surname
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	劉
Reading #	1/1
No.	8881
Phonetic component	卯
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	劉
Old Chinese	/*m·ru/

Definitions

劉

1. ^† a type of battle axe
2. ^† to kill; to slaughter
3. A surname​.

Descendants

• English: Liu, Lau
• Tagalog: Lao

Compounds

• 公劉／公刘
• 前度劉郎／前度刘郎
• 劉九兒／刘九儿
• 劉伶病酒／刘伶病酒
• 劉備失箸／刘备失箸
• 劉全進瓜／刘全进瓜
• 劉唐下書／刘唐下书

• 劉宋／刘宋 (Liúsòng)
• 劉寄奴／刘寄奴
• 劉海／刘海 (liúhǎi)
• 劉海蟾／刘海蟾
• 劉猛將軍／刘猛将军
• 劉知遠／刘知远

• 劉秀／刘秀
• 劉蕡下第／刘蕡下第
• 打前劉海／打前刘海
• 李劉馬夏／李刘马夏
• 荊劉拜殺／荆刘拜杀
• 虔劉／虔刘

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Japanese

Kanji

劉

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. axe
2. kill

Readings

• Goon: る (ru)
• Kan’on: りゅう (ryū)^{←りう (riu, historical)}
• Kun: ころす (korosu, 劉す); つらねる (tsuraneru, 劉ねる)

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Korean

Hanja

劉 • (ryu>yu) (hangeul 류>유, revised ryu>yu, McCune-Reischauer ryu>yu, Yale lyu>yu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

劉 (Lưu)

1. A Vietnamese family name