劉

See also: 刘

Translingual

Etymology

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *m·ru): phonetic 卯 ‎(OC *mruːʔ) + semantic 金 ‎(“metal”) + semantic 刂 ‎(“knife”)

Original meaning was "to kill."

Han character

劉 (radical 18 刀+13, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹金中弓 (HCLN), four-corner 7210₀, composition ⿰𨥫刂)

1. a surname
2. kill, destroy
3. overcome, conquer

References

• KangXi: page 144, character 39
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2224
• Dae Jaweon: page 325, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 359, character 4
• Unihan data for U+5289

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Chinese

trad.		劉
simp.		刘

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): liú (liu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄡˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lau⁴
• Min Nan (POJ): lâu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: liú
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄡˊ
    • Wade-Giles: liu²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liou
    • IPA ^(key): /li̯oʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: lau⁴
    • Yale: làuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lau⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /lɐu̯²¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâu
    • Tâi-lô: lâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: laau
    • IPA (Taipei): /laʊ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /laʊ¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: /lɨu/▼

Rime
Character	劉
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力求切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/liu/
Shao Rongfen	/liəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/luw/
Li Rong	/liu/
Wang Li	/lĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liú

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*mə-ru/

  (Zhengzhang): /*m·ru/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	劉
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	liú
Middle Chinese	‹ ljuw ›
Old Chinese	/*mə-ru/
English	kill; surname
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	劉
Reading #	1/1
No.	8881
Phonetic component	卯
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	劉
Old Chinese	/*m·ru/

Proper noun

劉

1. A surname​.

Descendants

• English: Liu, Lau
• Tagalog: lao

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Japanese

Kanji

劉

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. axe
2. kill

Readings

• On: る (ru), りゅう (ryū)
• Kun: ころ (koro)

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Korean

Hanja

劉 • ‎(ryu, yu) (hangeul 류, 유, revised ryu, yu, McCune-Reischauer ryu, yu, Yale lyu, yu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

劉 (Lưu)

1. A Vietnamese family name