留

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See also: 畱 and 畄
留 U+7559, 留
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7559
← 畘
[U+7558] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 畚 →
[U+755A]
留 U+F9CD, 留
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9CD
← 琉
[U+F9CC] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 硫 →
[U+F9CE]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

留 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹田 (HHW), four-corner 77602, composition ⿱⿰𠂎刀田)

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 761, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21808
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1171, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2537, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+7559

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (卯) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
卯 *mruːʔ
昴 *mruːʔ
泖 *mruːʔ
茆 *mruːʔ, *m·ruʔ
奅 *m̥ʰruːs
窌 *m̥ʰruːs, *m·ruː, *m·rus
聊 *m·rɯːw
貿 *mlus
鄮 *mlus
劉 *m·ru
留 *m·ru, *m·rus
蒥 *m·ru
鶹 *m·ru
騮 *m·ru
榴 *m·ru
瑠 *ru
瘤 *m·ru, *m·rus
遛 *m·ru
鎦 *m·ru
飀 *m·ru
鰡 *m·ru
嵧 *m·ru
餾 *m·ru, *m·rus
瀏 *m·ru, *m·ruʔ
懰 *m·ru, *m·ruʔ
柳 *m·ruʔ
珋 *m·ruʔ
罶 *m·ruʔ
嬼 *m·ruʔ, *m·rus
溜 *m·rus
霤 *m·rus
廇 *m·rus
塯 *m·rus

In bronze inscriptions, phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *m·ru, *m·rus): phonetic 卯 (OC *mruːʔ) + semantic 田 (“field”). Later in small seal script, phonetic 丣 (OC *luʔ) + semantic 田.

Pronunciation 1[edit]

simp. and trad.
 留
2nd round simp. 畄
alternative forms
 
畄
畱
㽞
𤰛
𤱊
畄
畱
㽞
𤰛
𤱊
𬎿

Note: liù - "belly fat".
Note:
  • lâu - vernacular;
  • liû - literary.
Note:
  • liu5 - literary;
  • lao5 - vernacular.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 留
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 來 (37)
    Final (韻) 尤 (136)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 力求切
    Baxter ljuw
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/lɨu/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/liu/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/liəu/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/luw/
    Li
    Rong         		/liu/
    Wang
    Li         		/lĭəu/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/li̯ə̯u/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		liú
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		lau4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 留
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		liú
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ljuw ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*C.ru/
    English stay, remain

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 留
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 8882
    Phonetic
    component         		卯
    Rime
    group         		幽
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		劉
    Old
    Chinese         		/*m·ru/
    Notes 說文丣聲誤，金文實卯聲

    Definitions[edit]

    留

    1. to stay; to remain
    2. to ask someone to stay; to detain
    3. to keep; to save; to hold in reserve; to retain; to maintain
    4. to leave behind (a package, a message, an impression, etc.)
      你可以給我留個電話嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
      你可以给我留个电话吗？ [MSC, simp.]
      Nǐ kěyǐ gěi wǒ liú ge diànhuà ma? [Pinyin]
      Can you give me your phone number?
    5. Short for 留學／留学 (liúxué, “to study abroad”).
      留美  ―  liúměi  ―  to study in the US
    6. to accept (a gift)
    7. to allow to grow
      留鬍子／留胡子  ―  liú húzi  ―  to grow a beard
      將頭髮留到落腰 [Cantonese, trad.]
      将头发留到落腰 [Cantonese, simp.]
      zoeng1 tau4 faat3 lau4 dou3 lok6 jiu1 [Jyutping]
      have one's hair grow to waist-length
      留長頭髮／留长头发 [Cantonese]  ―  lau4 coeng4 tau4 faat3 [Jyutping]  ―  to let one's hair grow long
    8. to concentrate (on something)
      留心  ―  liúxīn  ―  to look out for
      留神  ―  liúshén  ―  to take care; to be careful
    9. Alternative form of 流 (liú)
    10. a surname

    Compounds[edit]

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    simp. and trad.
    		 留
    alternative forms 𢕍
    𢔲

    Rime
    Character 留
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 來 (37)
    Final (韻) 尤 (136)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 力救切
    Baxter ljuwH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/lɨuH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/liuH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/liəuH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/luwH/
    Li
    Rong         		/liuH/
    Wang
    Li         		/lĭəuH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/li̯ə̯uH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		liù
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		lau6
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 留
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 8905
    Phonetic
    component         		卯
    Rime
    group         		幽
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		溜
    Old
    Chinese         		/*m·rus/

    Definitions[edit]

    留

    1. (archaic) to wait; to await

    Compounds[edit]

    Pronunciation 3[edit]

    simp. and trad.
    		 留

    Definitions[edit]

    留

    1. Alternative name for 昴 (mǎo).

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    留

    (grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. detain
    2. fasten
    3. halt
    4. stop
    5. ateji (当て字) for ruble (unit of currency)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    留 (eumhun 머무를 류 (meomureul ryu), South Korea 머무를 유 (meomureul yu))

    1. Hanja form? of 류/유 (“stay”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Old Korean[edit]

    Alternative forms[edit]

    • 以 (logographic variant used in Idu and Gugyeol texts)

    Particle[edit]

    留 (*-lwo)

    1. to; towards (directional case marker)
    2. by; with; using (instrumental case marker)

    Usage notes[edit]

    留 takes the vowel-initial allomorph 乙留 or 乙以 after a consonant, corresponding exactly to the Middle and Modern Korean allomorph 으로 (Yale: ulo) also appearing after a consonant.

    Reconstruction notes[edit]

    Conventionally reconstructed as *-lwo after the Middle Korean reflex, although the source Chinese readings suggest a different vowel. Many scholars suggest *-lwu instead.

    Descendants[edit]

    • Middle Korean: 로 (-lwo)
      • Korean: 로 (ro)

    References[edit]

    • 이승재 (Lee Seung-jae) (2000), “차자표기 자료의 격조사 연구 [Study of case markers in the Chinese-based orthography [of Korean]]”, in Gugeo gungmunhak, volume 127, pages 107–132
    • 박지용 外 (Park Ji-yong et al.) (2012) 향가 해독 자료집 [A Sourcebook of Hyangga Interpretations], Seoul National University, pages 199—200

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    留: Hán Nôm readings: lưu

    1. to stay
    2. to detain; keep
    3. (computing); to save files
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