金

See also: 全, 釒, and 숲

金 U+91D1, 金 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91D1 ← 釐 [U+91D0] CJK Unified Ideographs 釒 → [U+91D2]

⾦ U+2FA6, ⾦ KANGXI RADICAL GOLD ← ⾥ [U+2FA5] Kangxi Radicals ⾧ → [U+2FA7]

金 U+F90A, 金 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F90A ← 契 [U+F909] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 喇 → [U+F90B]

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Alternative forms

• 釒／钅 (jīn) (when used as a left Chinese radical)

Han character

金 (radical 167, 金+0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 金 (C), four-corner 8010₉, composition ⿱人⿱干䒑)

1. Kangxi radical #167, ⾦.

Derived characters

• Index:Chinese radical/金
• 𠊄, 凎, 唫, 崯, 惍, 捦, 淦, 𫆤, 𣔋, 琻, 𥇶, 碒, 𥟨, 䘳, 𥺻, 䋮, 𫋆, 𫍀, 趛, 㕋, 崟, 菳, 㾣, 𥦨, 𥯀, 䦦, 淾

References

• KangXi: page 1295, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40152
• Dae Jaweon: page 1795, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4167, character 1
• Unihan data for U+91D1

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		金
alternative forms		𠊍 𨤾

Crystals of gold (金)

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 金
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (金) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
淦	*kɯːm, *kɯːms
顉	*ŋɯːmʔ, *ŋ̊ʰrɯm, *ŋ̊ʰɯmʔ
金	*krɯm
錦	*krɯmʔ
欽	*kʰrɯm
菳	*kʰrɯm
嶔	*kʰrɯm
撳	*kʰrɯms
捦	*ɡrɯm
鵭	*ɡrɯm
唫	*ɡrɯmʔ, *ŋɡrɯm
鈙	*ɡrɯms
崟	*ŋɡrɯm
趛	*ŋɡrɯmʔ

Originally referred to copper. Later, the meaning was extended to metal as a whole, and then to gold. Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *krɯm): semantic 王 (“upside-down axe”) + semantic 呂 (“two blocks of metal”) + phonetic 亼. 亼 is the ancient form for 今 (OC *krɯm).

Etymology

Starostin reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gǝ̆m (“metal”); compare Tedim Chin xam (“gold”) and Lepcha [script needed] (kóm, “silver, coin, money”).

“Copper” [prior to 5th B.C.E.] > “metals in general” > “gold”.

The main senses now are “gold” and “metal”.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): jīn (jin¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣ

  (Chengdu, SP): jin¹

  (Dungan, Cyrillic): җин (žin, I)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): gam¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): gim¹, gim^1*

• Gan (Wiktionary): jin¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kîm

  (Meixian, Guangdong): gim¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): jing¹
• Min Bei (KCR): géng
• Min Dong (BUC): gĭng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): kim

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gim¹ / ging¹

• Wu (Wiktionary): jin (T1)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): jin¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: jīn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣ
    • Wade–Giles: chin1
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jin
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jin
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: jin¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gin
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic: җин (žin, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gam¹
    • Yale: gām
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gam¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gem¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐm⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: gim¹, gim^1*
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kim³³/, /kim³³⁻³³⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: jin¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîm
    • Hakka Romanization System: gim´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gim¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kim²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: gim¹
    • Sinological IPA: /cim⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: jing¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕĩŋ¹¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: géng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /keiŋ⁵⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gĭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kim
    • Tâi-lô: kim
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kym
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kim³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kim⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gim¹ / ging¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kim / king
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kim³³/, /kiŋ³³/

Note:

• gim1 - Chaozhou;
• ging1 - Chenghai.

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: jin (T1)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕɪɲ⁵³/

Xiang

• (Changsha)
  • Wiktionary: jin¹
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin³³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 金
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕin⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕin²¹/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕiẽ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕiə̃²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕin²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕiẽ²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕiə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕĩn³¹/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕin³¹/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕin²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕiəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕiŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕĩŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕiŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕin³³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕaŋ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕiʌ̃³¹/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕin¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕin³³/
	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕin³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕin⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/kim⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/kim²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kɐm⁵³/
	Nanning	/kɐm⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/kɐm⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kim⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kiŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/keiŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kim³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/kim²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /kˠiɪm/

Rime
Character	金
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	Chongniu III
Fanqie	居吟切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚim/
Shao Rongfen	/kiem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kjim/
Li Rong	/kjəm/
Wang Li	/kĭĕm/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jīn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gam1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)[ə]m/

  (Zhengzhang): /*krɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	金
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jīn
Middle Chinese	‹ kim ›
Old Chinese	/*k(r)[ə]m/
English	metal, bronze
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	金
Reading #	1/1
No.	6679
Phonetic component	金
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	金
Old Chinese	/*krɯm/
Notes	說文今聲，俞敏依金文非之

Definitions

金

1. ^† copper (Cu)
2. metal

   合金  ―  héjīn  ―  alloy

3. metalware
4. gold (Au)

   金屬 / 金属  ―  jīnshǔ  ―  metal

   金的顏色和黃銅很相似。 [MSC, trad.]
   金的颜色和黄铜很相似。 [MSC, simp.]

   Jīn de yánsè hé huángtóng hěn xiāngsì. [Pinyin]

   Gold is similar in color to brass.

5. golden; blond

   金髮 / 金发  ―  jīnfà  ―  blond

   他被獎勵了一塊金錶。 [MSC, trad.]
   他被奖励了一块金表。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tā bèi jiǎnglì le yīkuài jīn biǎo. [Pinyin]

   He received a golden watch as a prize.

6. (by extension) money; material wealth

   現金 / 现金  ―  xiànjīn  ―  cash

   資金 / 资金  ―  zījīn  ―  funds

   金錢 / 金钱  ―  jīnqián  ―  currency

7. (historical) ancient currency unit
8. (historical) gong or other metalware for signalling commands in the military
9. ^† (figuratively) sun
10. ^† (figuratively) moon
11. ^† (figuratively) respectful; noble; rich
12. ^† (figuratively) impregnable
13. ^† (figuratively) imperial
14. ^† (figuratively, of voice) beautiful; wonderful
15. Short for 金星 (Jīnxīng, “Venus”).
16. (～朝) (historical) The Jurchen Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
17. (～朝, ～國) (historical) Synonym of 後金／后金 (Hòujīn), the Jurchen Later Jin state (1616–1636)
18. A surname.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 金子 (“gold”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		金
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		金, 金子, 黃金
Mandarin	Beijing	金子
	Taiwan	金子, 黃金
	Tianjin	金子
	Tangshan	金子, 黃金
	Cangzhou	金子
	Baoding	金子
	Shijiazhuang	金子
	Chifeng	金子
	Hailar	金子
	Harbin	金子, 黃金
	Shenyang	金子, 黃金
	Muping	金子
	Qingdao	金子
	Jinan	金子
	Luoyang	金子
	Wanrong	金子
	Zhengzhou	黃金
	Xi'an	金子, 黃金
	Dingbian	金子
	Yinchuan	金子
	Lanzhou	金子, 黃金
	Xining	金子
	Ürümqi	金子
	Wuhan	金子, 金, 黃金
	Chengdu	金子
	Chongqing	金子
	Guiyang	金子
	Kunming	金子, 黃金
	Guilin	金子
	Lingui	金子
	Liuzhou	金子, 黃金
	Liuzhou (Luorong)	金子
	Xuzhou	金子, 黃金
	Yangzhou	金子, 黃金
	Nanjing	金子, 黃金
	Hefei	金子
	Nantong	金子
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	金子
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	金子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	金
	Hong Kong	金
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	金
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	金仔
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	金
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	金
	Macau	金
	Panyu	金
	Huadu (Huashan)	金
	Conghua	金
	Zengcheng	金
	Foshan	金
	Nanhai (Shatou)	金
	Shunde	金
	Sanshui	金
	Gaoming (Mingcheng)	金仔
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	金
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	金
	Doumen (Shangheng Tanka)	金
	Doumen	金
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	金
	Xinhui	金
	Taishan	金
	Taishan (Guanghai)	金
	Kaiping (Chikan)	金
	Enping (Niujiang)	金
	Heshan (Yayao)	金仔
	Dongguan	金
	Bao'an (Shajing)	金
	Yangjiang	金
	Nanning	金
	Wuzhou	金
	Yulin	金
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	金
	Guiping	金
	Guiping (Jintian)	金
	Guiping (Jiangkou)	金
	Guiping (Madong)	金
	Mengshan (Xihe)	金
	Guigang (Nanjiang)	金
	Beiliu (Tangliao)	金
	Baise	金
	Bobai	金
	Lingshan	金
	Pubei	金
	Qinzhou	金
	Qinzhou (Changtan)	金
	Qinzhou (Xiniujiao)	金
	Beihai	金
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	金
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	金
	Ningming	金
	Hengxian	金
	Hezhou (Pumen)	金子
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	金
	Chongzuo (Laituan)	金
	Fusui (Qujiu)	金
	Danzhou	金
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	金
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	金
	Móng Cái	金
	Mandalay (Taishan)	金
Gan	Nanchang	金子
	Lichuan	金
	Pingxiang	金子, 金
	Pengze	金子
Hakka	Meixian	金仔, 金
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	金
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	金
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	金
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	金
	Conghua (Lütian)	金
	Yudu	金
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	金仔, 黃金
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	金仔, 黃金
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	金仔, 黃金
	Dongshi (Dabu)	金, 黃金
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	金仔, 黃金
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	金, 黃金
	Hong Kong	金
	Beiliu (Tang'an)	金
	Xingye (Gaofeng)	金
	Mashan (Pianlian)	金
	Pingle (Tong'an)	金子
	Yangshuo (Jinbao)	金
	Senai (Huiyang)	金
Huizhou	Jixi	金子
	Shexian	金子, 金
Jin	Taiyuan	金子
	Pingyao	金
	Xinzhou	金子, 黃金
	Linhe	金子
	Jining	金子
	Hohhot	金子
	Zhangjiakou	金子
	Handan	金子, 黃金
Min Bei	Jian'ou	金
Min Dong	Fuzhou	金
	Matsu	金
Min Nan	Xiamen	金仔, 金
	Quanzhou	金仔, 金
	Zhangzhou	金仔, 金
	Taipei	金
	Kaohsiung	金
	Tainan	金
	Taichung	金仔
	Hsinchu	金仔
	Lukang	金仔
	Sanxia	金
	Yilan	金
	Kinmen	金
	Magong	金
	Penang (Hokkien)	金
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	金
	Chaozhou	金
	Bangkok (Teochew)	金
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	金
	Pontianak (Teochew)	金
	Leizhou	黃金
	Wenchang	金
	Haikou	金
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	金
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	金
	Nanning (Shajing)	金
	Binyang	金
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Chaoyang)	金子
	Guilin (Zhuyuan)	金子
	Lingui (Wutong)	金
	Lingui (Liutang)	金
	Yangshuo (Jima)	金子
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	金, 金子
	Yuanling (Shaojiwan)	金
	Luxi (Liangjiatan)	金
	Chengbu (Xuntou)	金子
Wu	Shanghai	金子
	Chongming	金子
	Suzhou	金子
	Hangzhou	金子
	Danyang	金子, 黃金
	Fuyang	金子
	Ningbo	金, 金子
	Wenzhou	金
	Jinhua	金
Xiang	Changsha	金子
	Shuangfeng	金子
	Loudi	金子
	Quanzhou	金
	Guanyang (Wenshi)	金子

Compounds

• See 金/derived terms § Copper, metal (Chinese).

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (金):

• → Japanese: 金(きん) (kin)
• → Korean: 금 (金, geum); 김 (金, gim)
• → Vietnamese: kim (金)

Others:

• → Bouyei: jiml (“gold”)
• → Lao: ຄຳ (kham, “gold”)
• → Thai: คำ (kam, “gold”)
• → Zhuang: gim (“gold”)

References

• “Entry #4506”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan]‎^[1] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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Japanese

Kanji

金

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Chemical element
Au
Previous: 白(はっ)金(きん) (hakkin) (Pt)
Next: 水(すい)銀(ぎん) (suigin) (Hg)

金 (kane, kugane, kogane, kin): Synthetically produced crystalline gold.

金 (kane, kana, kin): Metal in general, such as metal sheeting.

金 (kane, kana, kin): Hot metal work from a blacksmith.

1. gold
2. metal

Readings

• Go-on: こん (kon, Jōyō)^{←こん (kon, historical)←こむ (komu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: きん (kin, Jōyō)^{←きん (kin, historical)←きむ (kimu, ancient)}
• Kun: かな (kana, 金, Jōyō ^†); かね (kane, 金, Jōyō); くがね (kugane, 金); こがね (kogane, 金)
• Nanori: か (ka); かん (kan); きむ (kimu); こ (ko); この (kono)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
金
かな Grade: 1
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Appears to be the older form of this word. In modern Japanese, only found at the start of compounds.

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• IPA^(key): [ka̠na̠]

Prefix

金(かな) • (kana-) 

1. metal
2. money
3. firmness, strength
4. completely, entirely

Derived terms

• See 金/derived terms § Metal, money (Japanese).

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
金
かね Grade: 1
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 C.E..

Appears to be a fusion of kana + Old Japanese emphatic nominal particle い (​i). Compare the development of modern kami from kamu + i at 神, te from ta + i at 手, me from ma + i at 目, kaze from kaza + i at 風.

/kana/ + /i/ → /*kanai/ → /kane/

The four kanji spellings of this term, 金 (“gold”), 銀 (“silver”), 銅 (“copper”), and 鉄 (“iron”), hint at the importance of each of these four metals in ancient Japan.

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) かね [kàné] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ka̠ne̞]

Alternative forms

• 銀, 銅, 鉄

Noun

金(かね) • (kane) 

1. money

   ⇒ お金 (​okane)

2. metal

Usage notes

The 金 spelling is the most common for this term.

Synonyms

• (money): お金(かね) (o-kane)
• (metal): 金(きん)属(ぞく) (kinzoku)

Derived terms

• See 金/derived terms § Money, metal (Japanese).

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
金
くがね Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Compound of 黄 (ku, “yellow”) +‎ 金 (kane, “metal”). The ku is a variation of regular kun'yomi of ki for the 黄 character. The kane changes to gane as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ᵝɡa̠ne̞]

Alternative forms

• 黄金

Noun

金(くがね) • (kugane) 

1. (archaic) gold

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
金
こがね Grade: 1
kun’yomi

/kuɡane/ → /koɡane/

Alteration of kugane, possibly influenced by metaphor from 小金 (kogane, “a small amount of money”), or by the kan'on reading of kō for the 黄 character.

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) こがね [kògáné] (Heiban – [0])
• (Tokyo) こ​がね [kóꜜgànè] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ɡa̠ne̞]

Alternative forms

• 黄金

Noun

金(こがね) • (kogane) 

1. gold
2. gold or metal currency: coins, such as 大判 (ōban) or 小判 (koban)
3. short for 黄金色 (kogane iro, “gold”, the color)
4. short for 黄金の泥 (kogane no dei, “golden mud”, gold dust suspended in an emulsion and used for painting or other decoration)

   ⇒ 金泥 (​kondei)

See also

• 小(こ)金(がね) (kogane): a small amount of money
• 金(こん)泥(でい) (kondei): “golden mud”, gold dust suspended in an emulsion and used for painting or other decoration

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
金
きん Grade: 1
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 金 (kim). Compare modern Mandarin 金 (jīn).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Kan’on
• (Tokyo) き​ん [kíꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [kʲĩɴ]

Noun

金(きん) • (kin) 

1. gold (Au)
2. money

   金(きん)一(いっ)封(ぷう)をもらった。

   Kin ippū o moratta.

   I received a gift of money.

3. metal
4. (shogi) short for 金将 (kinshō): the gold general (a shogi piece)
5. one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine: see the "Wu Xing" entry on Wikipedia
6. short for 金曜日 (kin'yōbi): Friday

Usage notes

Often found in compounds.

Derived terms

• See 金/derived terms § Gold (Japanese).

Proper noun

金(きん) • (Kin) 

1. Jin dynasty (1115–1234)

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
金
こん Grade: 1
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 金 (kim).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Goon
• (Tokyo) こ​ん [kóꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [kõ̞ɴ]

Noun

金(こん) • (kon) 

1. one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine: see the "Wu Xing" entry on Wikipedia

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Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 金 (MC kˠiɪm).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	금 (Yale: kùm)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2]	쇠〮 (Yale: swóy)	금 (Yale: kùm)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kɯm]
• Phonetic hangeul: [금]

Hanja

Wikisource

金 (eumhun 쇠 금 (soe geum))

1. Hanja form^? of 금 (“gold; metal; money”). [noun]
2. Hanja form^? of 금 (“Short for 금요일(金曜日) (geumyoil, “Friday”).”).

Compounds

• See 金/derived terms § Gold, metal, money (Korean).

Etymology 2

See 김(金) (gim) for the etymology.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kim]
• Phonetic hangeul: [김]

Hanja

金 (eumhun 사람의 성(姓) 김 (saramui seong gim))

1. Hanja form^? of 김 (“a surname; used in placenames”).

Compounds

• See 金/derived terms § Name (Korean).

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

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Vietnamese

Han character

金: Hán Việt readings: kim
金: Nôm readings: kim, ghim, câm, găm, ghim

1. Hán tự form of kim (“gold; metal”).
2. Hán tự form of Kim (“A surname, from Chinese.”).

Compounds

• See 金/derived terms § Gold, metal (Vietnamese).