金

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Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
金-order.gif

Alternative forms[edit]

  • 釒／钅 (jīn) (when used as a left Chinese radical)
  • 𠊍 (old form)

Etymology[edit]

Historical forms of the character 金
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
金-oracle.svg 金-bronze.svg 金-bigseal.svg 金-seal.svg

Pictogram (象形) – a bell (cast metal) with bumps.

Han character[edit]

金
Commons-logo.svg
See images of
Radical 167 金

金 (radical 167 金+0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 金 (C), four-corner 80109)

  1. gold (Au)
  2. metal or metals generally
  3. material wealth, such as money or precious gems
  4. the Jurchen Jin dynasty of medieval China
  5. Kangxi radical #167, ⾦ ‎(“gold”).

Derived characters[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1295, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40152
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1795, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4167, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+91D1

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 金

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 金
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕin⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕin²¹/
Jinan /t͡ɕiẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕiə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕin²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕiẽ²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕiə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕĩn³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
Kunming /t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /t͡ɕin³¹/
Hefei /t͡ɕin²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕiəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡ɕiŋ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕiŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕin³³/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕaŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕiʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕin¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕin³³/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕin³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕin⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /kim⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /kim²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kɐm⁵³/
Nanning /kɐm⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kɐm⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kim⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kiŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /keiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kim³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /kim²³/
Rime
Character 金
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 侵 (140)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) Chongniu III
Fanqie 居吟切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠiɪm/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kᵚim/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kiem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kjim/
Li
Rong		 /kjəm/
Wang
Li		 /kĭĕm/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ki̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jīn
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 金
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jīn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kim ›
Old
Chinese		 /*k(r)[ə]m/
English metal, bronze

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 金
Reading # 1/1
No. 6679
Phonetic
component		 金
Rime
group		 侵
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 金
Old
Chinese		 /*krɯm/
Notes 說文今聲，俞敏依金文非之

Noun[edit]

金

  1. (chemistry) gold
    金的顏色和黃銅很相似。 [MSC, trad.]
    金的颜色和黄铜很相似。 [MSC, simp.]
    Jīn de yánsè hé huángtóng hěn xiāngsì. [Pinyin]
    Gold is similar in color to brass.
  2. metals
    金屬 / 金属  ―  jīnshǔ  ―  metal
    合金  ―  héjīn  ―  alloy
  3. money
    現金 / 现金  ―  xiànjīn  ―  cash
    資金 / 资金  ―  zījīn  ―  funds
    金錢 / 金钱  ―  jīnqián  ―  curency

Adjective[edit]

金

  1. golden
    金髮 / 金发  ―  jīnfà  ―  blond
    他被獎勵了一塊金錶。 [MSC, trad.]
    他被奖励了一块金表。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā bèi jiǎnglì le yīkuài jīn biǎo. [Pinyin]
    He received a golden watch as a prize.

Proper noun[edit]

金

  1. A surname​.
  2. Jurchen Jin dynasty (金朝 (Jīncháo)) (1115–1234)

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 金

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

See also:
金

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Chemical element
Au Previous: 白 (はっ)金 (きん) ‎(hakkin) (Pt)
Next: 水 (すい)銀 (ぎん) ‎(suigin) (Hg)
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
金 (kane, kugane, kogane, kin): Synthetically produced crystalline gold.
金 (kane, kana, kin): Metal in general, such as metal sheeting.
金 (kane, kana, kin): Hot metal work from a blacksmith.
  1. gold
  2. metal

Readings[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
金
かな
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Appears to be the older form of this word. In modern Japanese, only found at the start of compounds.

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

金 ‎(hiragana かな, romaji kana-)

  1. metal
  2. money
  3. firmness, strength
  4. completely, entirely
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
金
かね
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Appears to be a fusion of kana + Old Japanese emphatic nominal particle い (​i). Compare the development of modern kami from kamu + i at 神, te from ta + i at 手, me from ma + i at 目.

/kana/ + /i/ → /*kanai/ → /kane/

The four kanji spellings of this term, 金 (“gold”), 銀 ‎(“silver”), 銅 ‎(“copper”), and 鉄 ‎(“iron”), hint at the importance of each of these four metals in ancient Japan.

Pronunciation[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

金 ‎(hiragana かね, romaji kane)

  1. money
    ⇒ お金 (​okane)
  2. metal
Usage notes[edit]

The 金 spelling is the most common for this term.

Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
金
くがね
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Compound of 黄 ‎(ku, “yellow”) +‎ 金 ‎(kane, “metal”). The ku is a variation of regular kun'yomi of ki for the 黄 character.[3] The kane changes to gane as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

金 ‎(hiragana くがね, romaji kugane)

  1. (archaic) gold

Etymology 4[edit]

Kanji in this term
金
こがね
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

/kugane/ → /kogane/

Alteration of kugane[3], possibly influenced by metaphor from 小金 ‎(kogane, “a small amount of money”), or by the kan'on reading of kō for the 黄 character.

Pronunciation[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

金 ‎(hiragana こがね, romaji kogane)

  1. gold
  2. gold or metal currency: coins, such as 大判 ‎(ōban) or 小判 ‎(koban)
  3. short for 黄金色 ‎(kogane iro, “gold”, the color)
  4. short for 黄金の泥 ‎(kogane no dei, “golden mud”, gold dust suspended in an emulsion and used for painting or other decoration)
    ⇒ 金泥 (​kondei)
See also[edit]

Etymology 5[edit]

Kanji in this term
金
きん
Grade: 1
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 金 ‎(/kim/). Compare modern Mandarin 金 ‎(jīn).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

金 ‎(hiragana きん, romaji kin)

  1. gold (Au)
  2. money
    金 (きん)一封 (いっぷう)をもらった。
    Kin ippū o moratta.
    I received a gift of money.
  3. metal
  4. (shogi) short for 金将 ‎(kinsho, “the gold general”, a shogi piece)
  5. one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine: see the "Wu Xing" entry on Wikipedia
Usage notes[edit]

Often found in compounds.

Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

金 • ‎(gim, geum)
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul): 김, 금 (revised: gim, geum, McCune-Reischauer: kim, kŭm, Yale: kim, kum)
  • Name (hangeul): 성, 쇠 (revised: seong, soe, McCune-Reischauer: sŏng, soe, Yale: seng, soy)
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Noun[edit]

金 • ‎(geum) ‎(hangeul 금)

  1. gold
  2. (as an abbreviation) Friday

Compounds[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

金 • ‎(Gim) ‎(hangeul 김)

  1. A surname​.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

金 (kim, ghim, găm)

  1. Ancient word for brass
  2. gold (Au)
  3. money, currency
  4. The color yellow
  5. The Kim (Jin) dynasty (1115 - 1234)
  6. A surname
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