金
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Translingual[edit]
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Alternative forms[edit]
Han character[edit]
金 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 金 (C), four-corner 80109, composition ⿱𫢉䒑)
- Kangxi radical #167, ⾦.
Derived characters[edit]
- Appendix:Chinese radical/金
- 𠊄, 凎, 唫, 𫭾, 𫰾, 𫲧, 崯, 惍, 捦, 淦, 𬯉, 𪯧, 𣔋, 𬊝, 琻, 𫆤, 𥇶, 碒, 𥟨, 䘳, 𥺻, 䋮, 𫋆, 𫍀, 趛, 𩸱, 𪑙
- 崟, 菳, 𥦨, 𫅇, 蓥, 𥯀, 𦑕, 𧟴, 㕋, 𢉅, 㾣, 䦦, 𩰔, 淾
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 1295, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40152
- Dae Jaweon: page 1795, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4167, character 1
- Unihan data for U+91D1
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
金 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | ||
| Chemical element | |
|---|---|
| Au | |
| Previous: 鉑／铂 (Pt) | |
| Next: 汞 (Hg) | |
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 金 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *krɯm): semantic 王 (“upside-down axe”) + semantic 呂 (“two blocks of metal”) + phonetic 亼. 亼 is the ancient form for 今 (OC *krɯm).
Originally referred to copper. Later, the meaning was extended to metal as a whole, and then to gold.
Etymology[edit]
Starostin reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gǝ̆m (“metal”); compare Tedim Chin xam (“gold”) and Lepcha [script needed] (kóm, “silver, coin, money”).
“Copper” [prior to 5th BCE] > “metals in general” > “gold”.
The main senses now are “gold” and “metal”.
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
金
- (obsolete) copper (Cu)
- metal
- 合金 ― héjīn ― alloy
- metalware
- gold (Au)
- golden; blond
- (by extension) money; material wealth
- (historical) ancient currency unit
- (historical) gong or other metalware for signalling commands in the military
- respectful; precious
- 金玉良言 ― jīnyùliángyán ― precious advice
- Used in 金城 (jīnchéng, “impregnable city”).
- Short for 金星 (Jīnxīng, “Venus”).
- one of the eight kinds of instruments (八音)
- one of the five elements of Wu Xing (五行)
- (～朝) (historical) The Jurchen Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
- (～朝, ～國) (historical) Synonym of 後金／后金 (Hòujīn), the Jurchen Later Jin state (1616–1636)
- A surname.
Synonyms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Others:
References[edit]
- “Entry #4506”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: こん (kon, Jōyō)←こん (kon, historical)←こむ (komu, ancient)
- Kan-on: きん (kin, Jōyō)←きん (kin, historical)←きむ (kimu, ancient)
- Kun: かな (kana, 金, Jōyō †); かね (kane, 金, Jōyō); くがね (kugane, 金); こがね (kogane, 金)
- Nanori: か (ka); かん (kan); きむ (kimu); こ (ko); この (kono)
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 金 |
| かな Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. Appears to be the older form of this word. In modern Japanese, only found at the start of compounds.
Pronunciation[edit]
Prefix[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 金 |
| かね Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 銀 銅 鉄 |
From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[1]
Appears to be a fusion of kana + Old Japanese emphatic nominal particle い (i). Compare the development of modern kami from kamu + i at 神, te from ta + i at 手, me from ma + i at 目, kaze from kaza + i at 風.
/kana/ + /i/ → /*kanai/ → /kane/
The four kanji spellings of this term, 金 (“gold”), 銀 (“silver”), 銅 (“copper”), and 鉄 (“iron”), hint at the importance of each of these four metals in ancient Japan.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Usage notes[edit]
The 金 spelling is the most common for this term.
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 金 |
| くがね Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
Compound of 黄 (ku, “yellow”) + 金 (kane, “metal”). The ku is a variation of regular kun'yomi of ki for the 黄 character.[4] The kane changes to gane as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Pronunciation[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Noun[edit]
Etymology 4[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 金 |
| こがね Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
/kuɡane/ → /koɡane/
Alteration of kugane[4], possibly influenced by metaphor from 小金 (kogane, “a small amount of money”), or by the kan'on reading of kō for the 黄 character.
Pronunciation[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Noun[edit]
- gold
- gold or metal currency: coins, such as 大判 (ōban) or 小判 (koban)
- short for 黄金色 (kogane iro, “gold”, the color)
- short for 黄金の泥 (kogane no dei, “golden mud”, gold dust suspended in an emulsion and used for painting or other decoration)
- ⇒ 金泥 (kondei)
See also[edit]
- 小金 (kogane): a small amount of money
- 金泥 (kondei): “golden mud”, gold dust suspended in an emulsion and used for painting or other decoration
Etymology 5[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 金 |
| きん Grade: 1 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 金 (kim). Compare modern Mandarin 金 (jīn).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- gold (Au)
- money
- 金一封をもらった。
- Kin ippū o moratta.
- I received a gift of money.
- 金一封をもらった。
- metal
- (shogi) short for 金将 (kinshō): the gold general (a shogi piece)
- one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine: see the "Wu Xing" entry on Wikipedia
- short for 金曜日 (kin'yōbi): Friday
Usage notes[edit]
Often found in compounds.
Derived terms[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
Etymology 6[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 金 |
| こん Grade: 1 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 金 (kim).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine: see the "Wu Xing" entry on Wikipedia
References[edit]
- ^ c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3560), text here
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
Korean[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle Chinese 金 (MC kˠiɪm).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 금 (Yale: kùm) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] | 쇠〮 (Yale: swóy) | 금 (Yale: kùm) |
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kɯm]
- Phonetic hangul: [금]
Hanja[edit]
- Hanja form? of 금 (“gold; amount of money”). [noun]
- Hanja form? of 금 (“money”). [suffix]
- Hanja form? of 금 (“Short for 금요일(金曜日) (geumyoil, “Friday”).”).
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Most likely a borrowing from Early Mandarin 金 (EM *kim) during Mongol rule in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kim]
- Phonetic hangul: [김]
Hanja[edit]
金 (eumhun 사람의 성(姓) 김 (saram-ui seong gim))
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
金: Hán Việt readings: kim[1][2][3]
金: Nôm readings: kim[1][2][4], ghim[3][5], câm[2], găm[3], ghim[4]
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading きん
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading きん
- Japanese kanji with ancient kan'on reading きむ
- Japanese kanji with goon reading こん
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading こん
- Japanese kanji with ancient goon reading こむ
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- Japanese kanji with nanori reading かん
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