敏

敏 U+654F, 敏 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-654F ← 敎 [U+654E] CJK Unified Ideographs 敐 → [U+6550]

敏 U+FA41, 敏 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA41 ← 懲 [U+FA40] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 既 → [U+FA42]

敏 U+2F8C8, 敏 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8C8 ← 㩬 [U+2F8C7] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 敬 → [U+2F8C9]

Translingual

Han character

敏 (radical 66, 攴+7 in Chinese, 攴+6 in Japanese, 11 strokes in Chinese, 10 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 人卜人大 (OYOK), four-corner 8854₀, composition ⿰每攵)

1. fast, quick, clever, smart
2. A given name

References

• KangXi: page 471, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13202
• Dae Jaweon: page 823, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1463, character 1
• Unihan data for U+654F

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		敏
alternative forms		勄

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 敏
Western Zhou
Bronze inscriptions

Characters in the same phonetic series (母) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
脢	*mɯːs, *mɯː, *mɯːs
挴	*mlɯːʔ, *mɯːʔ
海	*hmlɯːʔ
毐	*ʔmɯː, *ʔmɯːʔ
呣	*mɯ
拇	*mɯʔ
母	*mɯʔ
胟	*mɯʔ
姆	*mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ
畮	*mɯʔ
踇	*mɯʔ
苺	*mɯs, *mɯːʔ, *mɯːs
莓	*mɯs, *mɯː, *mɯːs
敏	*mrɯʔ, *mrɯŋʔ
鰵	*mrɯŋʔ
慜	*mrɯŋʔ
毋	*ma
梅	*mɯː
酶	*mɯː
鋂	*mɯː
每	*mɯːʔ
毎	*mɯːs
痗	*mɯːs, *hmɯːs
晦	*hmɯːs
誨	*hmɯːs
悔	*hmɯːʔ, *hmɯːs
霉	*mrɯl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *mrɯʔ, *mrɯŋʔ): phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ) + semantic 攴 (“hand; action”). The 攴 component were sometimes written as 又 (“hand”) in early writing.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mǐn (min³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄣˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): man⁵
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): men
• Min Dong (BUC): mīng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): bín

  (Teochew, Peng'im): miang² / miêng²

• Wu (Wiktionary): min (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: mǐn
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄣˇ
    • Wade–Giles: min3
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miin
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mǐn
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /min²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: man⁵
    • Yale: máhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: man⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: men⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐn¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: men
    • Hakka Romanization System: men
    • Hagfa Pinyim: men⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /men⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: mīng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bín
    • Tâi-lô: bín
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bien
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bin⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bin⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bin⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /bin⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bin⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: miang² / miêng²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: miáng / miéng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miaŋ⁵²/, /mieŋ⁵²/

Note:

• miang2 - Shantou;
• miêng2 - Chaozhou.

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: min (T3)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɪɲ²³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 敏
Mandarin	Beijing	/min²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/min²¹³/
	Tianjin	/min¹³/
	Jinan	/miẽ⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/miə̃⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/min⁵³/
	Xi'an	/miẽ⁵³/
	Xining	/miə̃⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/miŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/mĩn⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/miŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/min⁴²/
	Chengdu	/min⁵³/
	Guiyang	/min⁴²/
	Kunming	/mĩ⁵³/
	Nanjing	/min²¹²/
	Hefei	/min²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/miəŋ⁵³/
	Pingyao	/miŋ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/mĩŋ⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/miŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/min⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/min⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/meŋ³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/miʌ̃³⁵/
	Tunxi	/min³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/min⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/min⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/min²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/men³¹/
	Taoyuan	/mien²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/mɐn²³/
	Nanning	/mɐn²⁴/
	Hong Kong	/mɐn¹³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/bin⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/miŋ³²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/meiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/miaŋ⁵³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/min²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: /mˠiɪn^X/

Rime
Character	敏
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	眞 (44)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	Chongniu III
Fanqie	眉殞切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠiɪnX/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚinX/
Shao Rongfen	/mienX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mjinX/
Li Rong	/mjĕnX/
Wang Li	/mǐĕnX/
Bernard Karlgren	/mi̯ĕnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mǐn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	man5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mrə[n]ʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mrɯʔ/, /*mrɯŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	敏
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mǐn
Middle Chinese	‹ minX ›
Old Chinese	/*mrə[n]ʔ/ (~ *mrəʔ)
English	diligent, active
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	敏	敏
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	9296	9297
Phonetic component	母	母
Rime group	之	蒸
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	愍	愍
Old Chinese	/*mrɯʔ/	/*mrɯŋʔ/

Definitions

敏

1. quick
2. clever

Compounds

• 不敏 (bùmǐn)
• 伶俐聰敏／伶俐聪敏
• 俊敏
• 光敏作用
• 光敏症
• 勤敏
• 士敏土 (shìmǐntǔ)
• 心閑手敏／心闲手敏
• 恪敏
• 才思敏捷 (cáisīmǐnjié)
• 敏感 (mǐngǎn)
• 敏感度
• 敏感話題／敏感话题
• 敏慧 (mǐnhuì)

• 敏捷 (mǐnjié)
• 敏於伎／敏于伎
• 敏給／敏给
• 敏練慈愷／敏练慈恺
• 敏豆 (mǐndòu)
• 敏贍／敏赡
• 敏銳／敏锐 (mǐnruì)
• 敬謝不敏／敬谢不敏
• 機敏／机敏 (jīmǐn)
• 熱敏性／热敏性
• 熱敏電阻／热敏电阻 (rèmǐn diànzǔ)
• 神經過敏／神经过敏 (shénjīng guòmǐn)
• 穎敏／颖敏

• 精敏
• 聰敏／聪敏 (cōngmǐn)
• 膚敏／肤敏
• 西敏宮／西敏宫
• 西敏寺 (Xīmǐnsì)
• 辨敏
• 過敏／过敏 (guòmǐn)
• 過敏原／过敏原
• 遜志時敏／逊志时敏
• 銳敏／锐敏 (ruìmǐn)
• 開敏／开敏
• 靈敏／灵敏 (língmǐn)
• 靈敏度／灵敏度

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Japanese

Shinjitai	敏
Kyūjitai	敏

Kanji

敏

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. alert
2. agile
3. quick

Readings

• Go-on: みん (min)
• Kan-on: びん (bin, Jōyō)
• Kun: とし (toshi, 敏し); さとい (satoi, 敏い)

Compounds

• 敏感(びんかん) (binkan, “sensitivity”)

Kanji in this term
敏
びん Grade: S
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
敏 (kyūjitai)

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 敏 (min^X).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Kan’on
• (Tokyo) び​ん [bíꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [bʲĩɴ]

Adjectival noun

敏(びん) • (bin) -na (adnominal 敏(びん)な (bin na), adverbial 敏(びん)に (bin ni))

1. quick, sharp

Inflection

Inflection of 敏

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	敏だろ	びんだろ	bin daro
Continuative (連用形)	敏で	びんで	bin de
Terminal (終止形)	敏だ	びんだ	bin da
Attributive (連体形)	敏な	びんな	bin na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	敏なら	びんなら	bin nara
Imperative (命令形)	敏であれ	びんであれ	bin de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	敏ではない 敏じゃない	びんではない びんじゃない	bin de wa nai bin ja nai
Informal past	敏だった	びんだった	bin datta
Informal negative past	敏ではなかった 敏じゃなかった	びんではなかった びんじゃなかった	bin de wa nakatta bin ja nakatta
Formal	敏です	びんです	bin desu
Formal negative	敏ではありません 敏じゃありません	びんではありません びんじゃありません	bin de wa arimasen bin ja arimasen
Formal past	敏でした	びんでした	bin deshita
Formal negative past	敏ではありませんでした 敏じゃありませんでした	びんではありませんでした びんじゃありませんでした	bin de wa arimasen deshita bin ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	敏で	びんで	bin de
Conditional	敏なら（ば）	びんなら（ば）	bin nara (ba)
Provisional	敏だったら	びんだったら	bin dattara
Volitional	敏だろう	びんだろう	bin darō
Adverbial	敏に	びんに	bin ni
Degree	敏さ	びんさ	binsa

Noun

敏(びん) • (bin) 

1. quickness, sharpness

Proper noun

敏(さとし) • (Satoshi) 

1. A male given name

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Korean

Hanja

敏 • (min) (hangeul 민, revised min, McCune–Reischauer min, Yale min)

1. nimble and agile
2. quick-witted
3. humble and well-mannered
4. thorough
5. hardworking

Compounds

• 민감 (敏感, min-gam, “sensitivity”)
• 민첩성 (敏捷性, mincheopseong, “agility”)

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Vietnamese

Han character

敏: Hán Nôm readings: mẫn, mắn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• mẫn cảm (敏感, “sensitive”)