晦

晦 U+6666, 晦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6666 ← 晥 [U+6665] CJK Unified Ideographs 晧 → [U+6667]

Translingual

Han character

晦 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 日人田卜 (AOWY), four-corner 6805₇, composition ⿰日每)

Derived characters

• 𤹾

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 496, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13960
• Dae Jaweon: page 862, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1513, character 3
• Unihan data for U+6666

Chinese

simp. and trad.		晦

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 晦
Warring States
Chu slip and silk script

Characters in the same phonetic series (母) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
脢	*mɯːs, *mɯː, *mɯːs
挴	*mlɯːʔ, *mɯːʔ
海	*hmlɯːʔ
毐	*ʔmɯː, *ʔmɯːʔ
呣	*mɯ
拇	*mɯʔ
母	*mɯʔ
胟	*mɯʔ
姆	*mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ
畮	*mɯʔ
踇	*mɯʔ
苺	*mɯs, *mɯːʔ, *mɯːs
莓	*mɯs, *mɯː, *mɯːs
敏	*mrɯʔ, *mrɯŋʔ
鰵	*mrɯŋʔ
慜	*mrɯŋʔ
毋	*ma
梅	*mɯː
酶	*mɯː
鋂	*mɯː
每	*mɯːʔ
毎	*mɯːs
痗	*mɯːs, *hmɯːs
晦	*hmɯːs
誨	*hmɯːs
悔	*hmɯːʔ, *hmɯːs
霉	*mrɯl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hmɯːs): semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ).

Etymology

Schuessler (2007) compares this word with Old Khmer kmval (“to be dark; dim; overcast; gloomy”), whence Khmer ខ្មួល (khmuəl).

STEDT compares 晦 (OC *hmɯːs) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk (“foggy; dark; sullen; menacing; thunder”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): huì (hui⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄟˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fui³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fùi
• Eastern Min (BUC): huói
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hòe

  (Teochew, Peng'im): huê³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: huì
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: huèi
    • Wade–Giles: hui⁴
    • Yale: hwèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huey
    • Palladius: хуэй (xuej)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fui³
    • Yale: fui
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fui³
    • Guangdong Romanization: fui³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuːi̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fùi
    • Hakka Romanization System: fui^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fui²
    • Sinological IPA: /fu̯i¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: huói
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hui²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hòe
    • Tâi-lô: huè
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoex
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /hue²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /hue⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /hue²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /hue¹¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /hue²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: huê³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huè
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hue²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: xwojH

Rime
Character	晦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	灰 (42)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	荒内切
Baxter	xwojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/huʌiH/
Pan Wuyun	/huoiH/
Shao Rongfen	/xuɒiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hwəjH/
Li Rong	/xuᴀiH/
Wang Li	/xuɒiH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xuɑ̆iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fui3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m̥ˤək-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hmɯːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	晦
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huì
Middle Chinese	‹ xwojH ›
Old Chinese	/*m̥ˁək-s/
English	last day of a moon; dark
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	晦
Reading #	1/1
No.	9315
Phonetic component	母
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*hmɯːs/

Definitions

晦

1. last day of a lunar month
2. dark, unclear, obscure
3. night
4. 67th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "darkening" (𝍈)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (晦):

• → Japanese: 晦(かい) (kai)
• → Korean: 회(晦) (hoe)
• → Vietnamese: hối (晦)

Compounds

• 嚮晦 / 向晦
• 悖晦 (bèihui)
• 昏晦
• 晦冥 (huìmíng)
• 晦在
• 晦日 (huìrì)
• 晦明 (huìmíng)
• 晦昧
• 晦暗 (huì'àn)
• 晦暝 (huìmíng)
• 晦朔 (huìshuò)
• 晦氣 / 晦气 (huìqì)
• 晦澀 / 晦涩 (huìsè)
• 晦盲
• 晦瞑
• 晦紋 / 晦纹
• 晦蒙
• 晦跡 / 晦迹
• 月晦
• 老背晦
• 肉眼愚晦
• 背晦 (bèihui)
• 遵時養晦 / 遵时养晦
• 遵養時晦 / 遵养时晦
• 陰晦 / 阴晦 (yīnhuì)
• 隱晦 / 隐晦 (yǐnhuì)
• 雺晦
• 霾晦
• 青白晦氣 / 青白晦气
• 韜光養晦 / 韬光养晦 (tāoguāngyǎnghuì)
• 韜晦 / 韬晦 (tāohuì)
• 顯晦 / 显晦
• 風雨如晦 / 风雨如晦 (fēngyǔrúhuì)
• 風雨晦冥 / 风雨晦冥
• 養晦 / 养晦 (yǎnghuì)

References

• “晦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	Shinjitai (extended)	晦󠄀 晦+󠄀? (Adobe-Japan1)
晦󠄂 晦+󠄂? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
Print standard	晦
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

晦

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: け (ke)^{←け (ke, historical)←くゑ (kwe, ancient)}
• Kan-on: かい (kai)^{←くわい (kwai, historical)}
• Kun: つごもり (tsugomori, 晦)、くらい (kurai, 晦い)、くらます (kuramasu, 晦ます)、くらむ (kuramu, 晦む)

Compounds

• 晦日(みそか) (misoka)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
晦
かい Jinmeiyō
kan'on

/kʷai/ → /kai/

From Middle Chinese 晦 (MC xwojH).

Affix

晦(かい) • (kai) ^{←くわい (kwai)?}

1. end of the month
2. dark, darkened
3. obscure, unknown
4. conceal, hide

Derived terms

• 晦(かい)朔(さく) (kaisaku)
• 晦(かい)日(じつ) (kaijitsu)
• 晦(かい)渋(じゅう) (kaijū)
• 晦(かい)晴(せい) (kaisei)
• 晦(かい)蔵(ぞう) (kaizō)
• 晦(かい)匿(とく) (kaitoku)
• 晦(かい)冥(めい) (kaimei)
• 暗(あん)晦(かい) (ankai)
• 湮(いん)晦(かい), 堙(いん)晦(かい) (inkai)
• 陰(いん)晦(かい) (inkai)
• 顕(けん)晦(かい) (kenkai)
• 昏(こん)晦(かい) (konkai)
• 朔(さっ)晦(かい) (sakkai)
• 時(じ)晦(かい) (jikai)
• 自(じ)晦(かい) (jikai)
• 韜(とう)晦(かい) (tōkai)

Noun

晦(かん) • (kan) ^{←くわん (kwan)?}

1. a darkening of the sky
2. something unclear or obscure
3. the last day of a (lunar) month

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
晦
つごもり Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
晦日

Shift from 月隠り (tsukikomori/tsukigomori, literally “moon hiding”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) つごもり [tsùgómórí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [t͡sɨɡo̞mo̞ɾʲi]

Noun

晦(つごもり) • (tsugomori) 

1. (archaic) the darkening of moonlight
2. (by extension) the last day of a (lunar) month

Coordinate terms

Lunar phases in Japanese · 月(げっ)相(そう) (gessō)

1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th
新(にい)月(づき) (niizuki) 新(しん)月(げつ) (shingetsu) 朔(さく) (saku) 朔(さく)月(げつ) (sakugetsu) 月(つき)立(たち) (tsukitachi)	二(ふつ)日(か)月(づき) (futsukazuki) 繊(せん)月(げつ) (sengetsu) 既(き)朔(さく) (kisaku)	三(み)日(か)月(づき) (mikazuki) 若(わか)月(づき) (wakazuki) 眉(び)月(げつ) (bigetsu) 眉(まゆ)月(づき) (mayuzuki)	四(よっ)日(か)月(づき) (yokkazuki)	五(いつ)日(か)月(づき) (itsukazuki)
6th	7th	8th	9th	10th
六(むい)日(か)月(づき) (muikazuki)	七(なの)日(か)月(づき) (nanokazuki)	八(よう)日(か)月(づき) (yōkazuki)	九(く)夜(や)月(づき) (kuyazuki) 九(ここの)日(か)月(つき) (kokonokatsuki)	十(とう)日(かん)夜(や)の月(つき) (tōkan'ya no tsuki)
	上(じょう)弦(げん) (jōgen) 上(じょう)弦(げん)の月(つき) (jōgen no tsuki) 弓(ゆみ)張(はり)月(づき) (yumiharizuki) 半(はん)月(げつ) (hangetsu)
11th	12th	13th	14th	15th
十(じゅう)一(いち)日(にち)月(づき) (jūichinichizuki)	十(じゅう)二(に)日(にち)月(づき) (jūninichizuki)	十(じゅう)三(さん)夜(や) (jūsan'ya)	十(じゅう)四(よっ)日(か)月(づき) (jūyokkazuki) 小(こ)望(もち)月(づき) (komochizuki) 幾(き)望(ぼう) (kibō) 待(まつ)宵(よい)月(づき) (matsuyoizuki)	十(じゅう)五(ご)夜(や) (jūgoya) 十(じゅう)五(ご)夜(や)の月(つき) (jūgoya no tsuki) 望(ぼう) (bō) 望(もち)月(づき) (mochizuki) 満(まん)月(げつ) (mangetsu) 三(さん)五(ご)の月(つき) (sango no tsuki)
16th	17th	18th	19th	20th
十六夜(いざよい) (izayoi) 十六夜(いざよい)の月(つき) (izayoi no tsuki) 既(き)望(ぼう) (kibō) 猶予(いざよう)月(つき) (izayōtsuki)	立(たち)待(まち)月(づき) (tachimachizuki)	居(い)待(まち)月(づき) (imachizuki)	寝(ね)待(まち)月(づき) (nemachizuki) 臥(ふし)待(まち)月(づき) (fushimachizuki)	二十(はつ)日(か)月(づき) (hatsukazuki) 更(ふけ)待(まち)月(づき) (fukemachizuki) 亥(い)中(なか)の月(つき) (inaka no tsuki)
21st	22nd	23rd	24th	25th
二(に)十(じゅう)一(いち)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūichinichizuki)	二(に)十(じゅう)二(に)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūninichizuki)	二(に)十(じゅう)三(さん)夜(や) (nijūsan'ya) 二(に)十(じゅう)三(さん)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūsannichizuki)	二(に)十(じゅう)四(よ)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūyonichizuki)	二(に)十(じゅう)五(ご)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūgonichizuki)
	下(か)弦(げん) (kagen) 下(か)弦(げん)の月(つき) (kagen no tsuki) 弓(ゆみ)張(はり)月(づき) (yumiharizuki) 半(はん)月(げつ) (hangetsu)
26th	27th	28th	29th	30th
二(に)十(じゅう)六(ろく)夜(や) (nijūrokuya) 二(に)十(じゅう)六(ろく)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūrokunichizuki)	二(に)十(じゅう)七(しち)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūshichinichizuki)	明(あ)けの三(み)日(か)月(づき) (ake no mikazuki)		三十(みそ)日(か) (misoka) 三十(みそ)日(か)月(づき) (misokazuki)
		二(に)十(じゅう)八(はち)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūhachinichizuki)	晦(つごもり) (tsugomori)
Others
After 16th	In rain
残(ざん)月(げつ) (zangetsu) 有(あり)明(あけ)の月(つき) (ariake no tsuki) 有(あり)明(あけ)月(つき) (ariaketsuki) 有(あり)明(あけ) (ariake) 有(あり)明(あけ)月(づく)夜(よ) (ariakezukuyo) 有(あり)明(あけ)月(づき)夜(よ) (ariakezukiyo) 昼(ひる)の月(つき) (hiru no tsuki) 暁(あかつき)月(づく)夜(よ) (akatsukizukuyo) 暁(あかとき)月(づく)夜(よ) (akatokizukuyo) 暁(あかつき)月(づき)夜(よ) (akatsukizukiyo) 暁(あかつき)月(づき) (akatsukizuki) 暁(あかとき)月(づき) (akatokizuki) 暁(ぎょう)月(げつ) (gyōgetsu)	雨(あま)夜(よ)の月(つき) (amayo no tsuki)

Derived terms

• 晦(つごもり)方(がた) (tsugomorigata)
• 晦(つごもり)蕎(そ)麦(ば) (tsugomorisoba)
• 大(おお)晦(つごもり) (ōtsugomori)
• 小(こつ)晦日(ごもり) (kotsugomori)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
晦
つもごり Jinmeiyō
irregular

Alternative spelling
晦日

Alteration of tsugomori above.

Noun

晦(つもごり) • (tsumogori) 

1. (rare, archaic) the darkening of moonlight
2. (rare, by extension) the last day of a (lunar) month

Derived terms

• 大(おお)晦(つもごり) (ōtsumogori)

References

• “^▲晦”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 晦 (MC xwojH). Recorded as Middle Korean ⿰日毎/회〯 (hwǒy) (Yale: hwoy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

晦 (eumhun 그믐 회 (geumeum hoe))

1. hanja form^? of 회 (“last day of a lunar month”)

Compounds

• 음회 (陰晦, eumhoe)
• 회삭 (晦朔, hoesak)
• 회일 (晦日, hoeil)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

Han character

晦: Hán Nôm readings: hổi, hối, hói, hòi, hỗi, họi

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.