くらい
Appearance
See also: ぐらい
Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 暗い 陰い 昧い 昏い 闇い 冥い 黯い (rare) |
From Old Japanese.[1] Found in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.
Related to くろ (kuro, “black”); see there for more.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 暗い
| Plain | 暗い | くらい | [kùráí] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 暗くて | くらくて | [kùráꜜkùtè] |
| Continuative | 暗く | くらく | [kùrákú] |
| Negative | 暗くない | くらくない | [kùrákú náꜜì] |
| Past | 暗かった | くらかった | [kùráꜜkàttà] |
| Negative past | 暗くなかった | くらくなかった | [kùrákú náꜜkàttà] |
| Conditional | 暗ければ | くらければ | [kùráꜜkèrèbà] |
| Terminal | 暗い | くらい くらい |
[kùráí] [kùráꜜì] |
| Formal | 暗いです | くらいです | [kùráꜜì dèsù] |
Adjective
[edit]くらい • (kurai) -i (adverbial くらく (kuraku))
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of くらい
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | くらかろ | kurakaro | |
| Continuative (連用形) | くらく | kuraku | |
| Terminal (終止形) | くらい | kurai | |
| Attributive (連体形) | くらい | kurai | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | くらけれ | kurakere | |
| Imperative (命令形) | くらかれ | kurakare | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | くらくない | kuraku nai | |
| Informal past | くらかった | kurakatta | |
| Informal negative past | くらくなかった | kuraku nakatta | |
| Formal | くらいです | kurai desu | |
| Formal negative | くらくないです | kuraku nai desu | |
| Formal past | くらかったです | kurakatta desu | |
| Formal negative past | くらくなかったです | kuraku nakatta desu | |
| Conjunctive | くらくて | kurakute | |
| Conditional | くらければ | kurakereba | |
| Provisional | くらかったら | kurakattara | |
| Volitional | くらかろう | kurakarō | |
| Adverbial | くらく | kuraku | |
| Degree | くらさ | kurasa | |
Antonyms
[edit]- 明るい (akarui)
Etymology 2
[edit]| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 位 (obsolete for adverb) |
/kurawi/ → /kurai/
Originally a compound of 座 (kura, “seat, where something is placed”) + 居 (wi, “being, existing in a place”), literally referring to "where one is", and by extension, "status, rank, position; degree".[1][2] Appears from at least as early as The Tale of Genji (prior to 1021 CE).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adverb
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- ぐらい (gurai)
See also
[edit]- ほど (hodo)
Noun
[edit]- grade, rank, standing
- the throne, the crown
- (mathematics) place, position
- being at the point of, the place where, the point where, the time when,
- 1999, Pokémon Gold and Silver:
Derived terms
[edit]Suffix
[edit]くらい • (-kurai) ←くらゐ (-kurawi)?
Etymology 3
[edit]| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 食らい |
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 食らう (kurau, “to eat”, informal).[1][2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- (usually in compounds) eating
Verb
[edit]- stem or continuative form of くらう (kurau) [godan]
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese い-i adjectives
- Japanese hiragana
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese adverbs
- Japanese terms historically spelled with ゐ
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese nouns
- ja:Mathematics
- Japanese suffixes
- Japanese non-lemma forms
- Japanese verb forms
- Japanese terms modified by "noun + な"