座

See also: 坐

Translingual

Etymology

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *zoːls): semantic 广 ‎(“house on cliff”) + phonetic 坐 ‎(OC *zoːlʔ, *zoːls)

Han character

座 (radical 53 广+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈人人土 (IOOG), four-corner 0021₄, composition ⿸广坐)

1. seat
2. stand, base

References

• KangXi: page 346, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9319
• Dae Jaweon: page 655, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 886, character 3
• Unihan data for U+5EA7

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		座

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zuò (zuo⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zo⁶, zo²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chho
• Min Nan (POJ): chē / chō / chó

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: zuò
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄛˋ
    • Wade-Giles: tso⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuoh
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: zo⁶, zo²
    • Yale: joh, jó
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzo⁶, dzo²
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔː²²/, /t͡sɔː³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chho
    • Hakka Romanization System: co
    • Hagfa Pinyim: co⁴
    • IPA: /t͡sʰo⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chē / chō / chó
    • Tâi-lô: tsē / tsō / tsó
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ze, zoi, zoir
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡se³³/, /t͡so³³/, /t͡so⁵³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡se²²/, /t͡sɤ²²/, /t͡sɤ⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: /d͡zuɑ^H/▼

Rime
Character	座
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徂卧切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zuɑH/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zuɑH/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zuɑH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zwaH/
Li Rong	/d͡zuɑH/
Wang Li	/d͡zuɑH/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱuɑH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zuò

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*[dz]ˤo[j]ʔ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*zoːls/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	座
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zuò
Middle Chinese	‹ dzwaH ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˤo[j]ʔ-s/
English	seat n.
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	座
Reading #	1/1
No.	18066
Phonetic component	坐
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*zoːls/

Noun

座 (classifier 個／个 (gè))

1. seat
2. stand, base
3. classifier for buildings, mountains and similar immovable objects

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Japanese

Kanji

座

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: ざ (za)
• Kan’on: さ (sa)
• Kun: すわる (suwaru), くら (kura), います (imasu)

Compounds

• 座視
• 座礁
• 座州
• 端座
• 連座

Suffix

座 ‎(hiragana ざ, romaji -za)

1. names of constellations
2. names of theaters

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Korean

Hanja

座 • ‎(jwa) (hangeul 좌, revised jwa, McCune-Reischauer chwa, Yale cwa)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

座 (toạ, toà, phụng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.