座

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See also: 坐
座 U+5EA7, 座
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5EA7
← 度
[U+5EA6] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 庨 →
[U+5EA8]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
座-red.png

Han character[edit]

座 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈人人土 (IOOG), four-corner 00214, composition ⿸广坐)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 346, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9319
  • Dae Jaweon: page 655, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 886, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5EA7

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 座
2nd round simp. 坐

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (坐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
脞 *sʰal, *sʰoːlʔ
侳 *ʔsal, *ʔsoːls
挫 *ʔsoːls
夎 *ʔsoːls
遳 *sʰloːl
銼 *sʰoːls, *zoːl, *zoːɡ
剉 *sʰoːls
莝 *sʰoːls
趖 *soːl
矬 *zoːl
痤 *zoːl
睉 *zoːl
坐 *zoːlʔ, *zoːls
座 *zoːls
髽 *ʔsroːl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *zoːls): semantic 广 (“house on cliff”) + phonetic 坐 (OC *zoːlʔ, *zoːls).

Etymology[edit]

Exopassive of 坐 (OC *zoːlʔ, *zoːls, “to sit; to be situated”), literally "that which is sat on" (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • chō/chǒ͘ - literary;
  • chē/chǒ - vernacular.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 座
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 從 (15)
    Final (韻) 戈 (95)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 徂卧切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/d͡zuɑH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/d͡zuɑH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/d͡zuɑH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/d͡zwaH/
    Li
    Rong         		/d͡zuɑH/
    Wang
    Li         		/d͡zuɑH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/d͡zʱuɑH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		zuò
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		zo6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 座
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		zuò
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ dzwaH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[dz]ˁo[j]ʔ-s/
    English seat n.

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 座
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 18066
    Phonetic
    component         		坐
    Rime
    group         		歌
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese         		/*zoːls/

    Definitions[edit]

    座

    1. seat (Classifier: 個／个)
      讓座 / 让座  ―  ràngzuò  ―  to give up one's eat
    2. stand; base (Classifier: 個／个)
    3. constellation
      天蠍座 / 天蝎座  ―  tiānxiēzuò  ―  scorpius
    4. Classifier for buildings, mountains and similar immovable objects.

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 座 (“classifier for bridges”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 座
    Mandarin Beijing 座
    Taiwan 座
    Jinan 座
    Xi'an 座, 個, 架
    Wuhan 道
    Chengdu 道, 座, 架
    Yangzhou 道
    Hefei 道
    Cantonese Guangzhou 度, 戙
    Hong Kong 條, 座
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 度
    Macau 座
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 度, 戙
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 度
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 戙
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 度
    Foshan 戙
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 戙
    Foshan (Sanshui) 戙
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 戙
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 度
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 度
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 度
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 戙
    Taishan 對
    Kaiping (Chikan) 度
    Enping (Niujiang) 獨
    Heshan (Yayao) 度
    Dongguan 度
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 度
    Yangjiang 度
    Gan Nanchang 道
    Hakka Meixian 座
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 度
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 度
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 度
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 度
    Conghua (Lütian) 條
    Jin Taiyuan 座
    Min Bei Jian'ou 座
    Min Dong Fuzhou 條
    Min Nan Xiamen 座
    Chaozhou 條
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 條
    Wu Suzhou 頂
    Wenzhou 爿, 條
    Xiang Changsha 座, 隻
    Shuangfeng 條, 座

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 座

    Descendants[edit]

    • → Vietnamese: toà

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    座

    (grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    座
    ざ
    Grade: 6
    on’yomi

    Middle Chinese 座

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Suffix[edit]

    座(ざ) • (-za) 

    1. names of constellations
    2. names of theaters

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    座
    くら
    Grade: 6
    kun’yomi

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Affix[edit]

    座(くら) • (kura) 

    1. high place
    Derived terms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    座 • (jwa) (hangeul 좌)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    座: Hán Nôm readings: tọa/toạ, tòa/toà, phụng

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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