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See also:
U+7368, 獨
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7368

[U+7367]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+7369]

Translingual

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Japanese
Simplified
Traditional

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 94, +13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 大竹田中戈 (KHWLI), four-corner 46227, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 719, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20725
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1130, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1372, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+7368

Chinese

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trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *doːɡ) : semantic + phonetic (OC *djoɡ).

Etymology

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Perhaps related to (OC *dɯːɡ, “single, alone”); see there for more.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • ta̍k - vernacular;
  • to̍k - literary.
Note:
  • dag8 - vernacular;
  • dog8 - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (7)
Final () (3)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter duwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/duk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/duk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/duk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/dəwk̚/
Li
Rong
/duk̚/
Wang
Li
/duk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/dʱuk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
duk6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ duwk ›
Old
Chinese
/*[d]ˁok/
English alone; only

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 11818
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*doːɡ/

Definitions

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  1. alone; single; solitary
      ―    ―  by oneself
      ―  zòu  ―  solo
  2. the old and childless
  3. only
      ―    ―  not only
      ―  wéi  ―  only; all except
  4. (literary) Indicates a rhetorical question: is it possible that...
    Synonyms: (), (nìng)
  5. (in compounds) separatism
      ―  móu  ―  to plot / scheme for independence
      ―  Gǎng  ―  Hong Kong Independence Movement
      ―  Tái  ―  Taiwan Independence Movement

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (どく) (doku); (とく) (toku)
  • Korean: 독(獨) (dok)
  • Vietnamese: độc ()

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Kanji

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(Hyōgai kanjikyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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  • Go-on: どく (doku)
  • Kan-on: とく (toku)
  • Kun: ひとり (hitori, 獨り)

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC duwk).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 똑〮 (Yale: ttwók)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 호을 (Yale: hwòùl) 독〮 (Yale: twók)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 홀로 (hollo dok))

  1. hanja form? of (alone) [affix]

Compounds

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Proper noun

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Hanja in this term

(Dok) (hangeul )

  1. (in news headlines) Short for ()() (Dogil, (South Korea) Germany).

Usage notes

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A common convention in news headlines, this is almost always written solely in the Hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any Hanja.

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: độc, dọc

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.