獨
Appearance
See also: 独
|
Translingual
[edit]Japanese | 独 |
---|---|
Simplified | 独 |
Traditional | 獨 |
Han character
[edit]獨 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 大竹田中戈 (KHWLI), four-corner 46227, composition ⿰犭蜀)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 719, character 25
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20725
- Dae Jaweon: page 1130, character 23
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1372, character 3
- Unihan data for U+7368
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 獨 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 独 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 獨 | |
---|---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
襡 | *toːʔ, *toːɡs, *doːʔ, *doːɡ, *djoɡ |
噣 | *toːɡs, *tuɡs, *rtoːɡ, *tjoɡ |
斣 | *toːɡs |
歜 | *sdoːmʔ, *tʰjoɡ |
斀 | *rtoːɡ |
孎 | *rtoːɡ, *toɡ |
濁 | *rdoːɡ |
鐲 | *rdoːɡ, *zroːɡ, *djoɡ |
鸀 | *rdoːɡ, *tjoɡ |
擉 | *sʰroːɡ |
獨 | *doːɡ |
髑 | *doːɡ |
韣 | *doːɡ, *tjoɡ, *djoɡ |
斸 | *toɡ |
钃 | *toɡ |
欘 | *toɡ |
躅 | *doɡ |
蠋 | *doɡ, *tjoɡ |
燭 | *tjoɡ |
囑 | *tjoɡ |
矚 | *tjoɡ |
屬 | *tjoɡ, *djoɡ |
属 | *tjoɡ, *djoɡ |
蠾 | *tjoɡ, *djoɡ |
觸 | *tʰjoɡ |
臅 | *tʰjoɡ |
觕 | *sʰlaː, *zlaːʔ, *tʰjoɡ |
蜀 | *djoɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *doːɡ) : semantic 犭 + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ).
Etymology
[edit]Perhaps related to 特 (OC *dɯːɡ, “single, alone”); see there for more.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): du2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): дў (dw, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): tuh7
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): dueh5
- Northern Min (KCR): dŭ
- Eastern Min (BUC): dŭk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8doq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dou6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dú
- Wade–Giles: tu2
- Yale: dú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dwu
- Palladius: ду (du)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: du2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: du
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дў (dw, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: duk6
- Yale: duhk
- Cantonese Pinyin: duk9
- Guangdong Romanization: dug6
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʊk̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: uuk5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɵk̚³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: tuh7
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰuʔ²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thu̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: tug
- Hagfa Pinyim: tug6
- Sinological IPA: /tʰuk̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: dueh5
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /tuəʔ⁵⁴/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dŭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dŭk
- Sinological IPA (key): /tuʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- ta̍k - vernacular;
- to̍k - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: dag8 / dog8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ta̍k / to̍k
- Sinological IPA (key): /tak̚⁴/, /tok̚⁴/
Note:
- dag8 - vernacular;
- dog8 - literary.
- Middle Chinese: duwk
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ˤok/
- (Zhengzhang): /*doːɡ/
Definitions
[edit]獨
- alone; single; solitary
- 莫見乎隱,莫顯乎微。故君子慎其獨也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Mò jiàn hū yǐn, mò xiǎn hū wēi. Gù jūnzǐ shèn qí dú yě. [Pinyin]
- There is nothing more visible than what is secret, and nothing more manifest than what is minute. Therefore the superior man is watchful over himself, when he is alone.
莫见乎隐,莫显乎微。故君子慎其独也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- the old and childless
- only
- (literary) Indicates a rhetorical question: is it possible that...
- (in compounds) separatism
- 謀獨/谋独 ― móudú ― to plot / scheme for independence
- 港獨/港独 ― Gǎngdú ― Hong Kong Independence Movement
- 臺獨/台独 ― Táidú ― Taiwan Independence Movement
Compounds
[edit]- 一枝獨秀/一枝独秀 (yīzhīdúxiù)
- 不獨/不独 (bùdú)
- 匠心獨具/匠心独具 (jiàngxīndújù)
- 匠心獨運/匠心独运 (jiàngxīndúyùn)
- 千古獨步/千古独步
- 千載獨步/千载独步
- 司法獨立/司法独立
- 古調獨彈/古调独弹
- 合獨/合独
- 吃獨食/吃独食 (chī dúshí)
- 各自獨立/各自独立
- 向隅獨泣/向隅独泣 (xiàngyúdúqì)
- 唯吾獨尊/唯吾独尊
- 唯我獨尊/唯我独尊 (wéiwǒdúzūn)
- 唯獨/唯独 (wéidú)
- 唱獨角戲/唱独角戏 (chàng dújiǎoxì)
- 單人獨馬/单人独马 (dānréndúmǎ)
- 單打獨鬥/单打独斗 (dāndǎdúdòu)
- 單獨/单独 (dāndú)
- 單獨行為/单独行为
- 塊然獨處/块然独处
- 壟斷獨登/垄断独登
- 大權獨攬/大权独揽 (dàquándúlǎn)
- 失獨/失独 (shīdú)
- 奮身獨步/奋身独步
- 孤獨/孤独 (gūdú)
- 孤獨園/孤独园
- 孤眠獨宿/孤眠独宿
- 孤衾獨枕/孤衾独枕
- 專斷獨行/专断独行
- 小姑獨處/小姑独处
- 巋然獨存/岿然独存
- 幽獨/幽独
- 得天獨厚/得天独厚 (détiāndúhòu)
- 微獨/微独
- 情有獨鍾/情有独钟 (qíngyǒudúzhōng)
- 惸獨/惸独
- 慎獨/慎独 (shèndú)
- 慧眼獨具/慧眼独具
- 打獨磨/打独磨
- 推群獨步/推群独步
- 民賊獨夫/民贼独夫
- 江東獨步/江东独步
- 無獨有偶/无独有偶 (wúdú-yǒu'ǒu)
- 煢獨/茕独
- 特立獨行/特立独行 (tèlìdúxíng)
- 獨一無二/独一无二 (dúyīwú'èr)
- 獨享/独享 (dúxiǎng)
- 獨享權益/独享权益
- 獨來獨往/独来独往 (dúláidúwǎng)
- 獨具一格/独具一格 (dújùyīgé)
- 獨具匠心/独具匠心 (dújùjiàngxīn)
- 獨具慧眼/独具慧眼
- 獨具隻眼/独具只眼
- 獨出心裁/独出心裁
- 獨出機杼/独出机杼
- 獨到/独到 (dúdào)
- 獨到之處/独到之处
- 獨到之見/独到之见
- 獨創/独创 (dúchuàng)
- 獨創一格/独创一格
- 獨力/独力 (dúlì)
- 獨力難持/独力难持
- 獨力難支/独力难支
- 獨勁/独劲 (dújìn)
- 獨占 (dúzhàn)
- 獨占花魁
- 獨占資本/独占资本
- 獨占鰲頭/独占鳌头 (dúzhàn'áotóu)
- 獨占鼇頭/独占鳌头
- 獨吃自痾/独吃自疴
- 獨吟/独吟
- 獨吞/独吞 (dútūn)
- 獨唱/独唱 (dúchàng)
- 獨善/独善
- 獨善其身/独善其身
- 獨垂青盼/独垂青盼
- 獨大/独大 (dúdà)
- 獨夫/独夫 (dúfū)
- 獨夫民賊/独夫民贼 (dúfūmínzéi)
- 獨奏/独奏 (dúzòu, “solo”)
- 獨子/独子 (dúzǐ)
- 獨學孤陋/独学孤陋
- 獨學寡聞/独学寡闻
- 獨守尺寸/独守尺寸
- 獨守空房/独守空房
- 獨家/独家 (dújiā)
- 獨家報導/独家报导
- 獨家新聞/独家新闻
- 獨家生意/独家生意
- 獨宿/独宿
- 獨尊/独尊 (dúzūn)
- 獨居/独居 (dújū)
- 獨居監禁/独居监禁
- 獨峙/独峙
- 獨幕劇/独幕剧 (dúmùjù)
- 獨弦哀歌/独弦哀歌
- 獨弦琴/独弦琴 (dúxiánqín)
- 獨往/独往
- 獨往獨來/独往独来
- 獨抒性靈/独抒性灵 (dúshūxìnglíng)
- 獨挑/独挑
- 獨持異議/独持异议
- 獨捐/独捐
- 獨掌/独掌
- 獨排眾議/独排众议
- 獨擅勝場/独擅胜场
- 獨攬/独揽 (dúlǎn)
- 獨斷/独断 (dúduàn)
- 獨斷專行/独断专行 (dúduànzhuānxíng)
- 獨斷獨行/独断独行 (dúduàndúxíng)
- 獨曲/独曲
- 獨有/独有 (dúyǒu)
- 獨木不林/独木不林
- 獨木橋/独木桥 (dúmùqiáo)
- 獨木舟/独木舟 (dúmùzhōu)
- 獨木船/独木船
- 獨木難支/独木难支
- 獨根孤種/独根孤种
- 獨樂樂/独乐乐
- 獨樂樂不如眾樂樂/独乐乐不如众乐乐 (dú yuè lè bùrú zhòng yuè lè)
- 獨樹一幟/独树一帜 (dúshùyīzhì)
- 獨樹一格/独树一格
- 獨步/独步 (dúbù)
- 獨步一時/独步一时
- 獨步天下/独步天下 (dúbùtiānxià)
- 獨步當時/独步当时
- 獨沽一味/独沽一味 (dúgūyīwèi)
- 獨特/独特 (dútè)
- 獨獨/独独
- 獨生/独生 (dúshēng)
- 獨生女/独生女 (dúshēngnǚ)
- 獨生子/独生子 (dúshēngzǐ)
- 獨當/独当 (dúdāng)
- 獨當一面/独当一面 (dúdāngyīmiàn)
- 獨白/独白 (dúbái)
- 獨眼龍/独眼龙 (dúyǎnlóng)
- 獨秀/独秀
- 獨立/独立 (dúlì)
- 獨立不群/独立不群
- 獨立千古/独立千古
- 獨立國/独立国 (dúlìguó)
- 獨立宣言/独立宣言
- 獨立自主/独立自主 (dúlìzìzhǔ)
- 獨立語/独立语
- 獨腳戲/独脚戏 (dújiǎoxì)
- 獨腳腿/独脚腿
- 獨自/独自 (dúzì)
- 獨自個/独自个
- 獨萿/独萿
- 獨處/独处 (dúchǔ)
- 獨行/独行 (dúxíng)
- 獨行俠/独行侠 (dúxíngxiá)
- 獨行其是/独行其是
- 獨行其道/独行其道
- 獨行大盜/独行大盗
- 獨行獨斷/独行独断
- 獨裁/独裁 (dúcái)
- 獨裁者/独裁者 (dúcáizhě)
- 獨見/独见
- 獨覺/独觉
- 獨角戲/独角戏 (dújiǎoxì)
- 獨角赦書/独角赦书
- 獨語/独语
- 獨資/独资 (dúzī)
- 獨身/独身 (dúshēn)
- 獨身主義/独身主义 (dúshēn zhǔyì)
- 獨軌鐵路/独轨铁路
- 獨輪車/独轮车 (dúlúnchē)
- 獨酌/独酌 (dúzhuó)
- 獨醒/独醒
- 獨鍾/独钟
- 獨門/独门
- 獨門兒/独门儿
- 獨門子貨/独门子货
- 獨門獨院/独门独院
- 獨門絕活/独门绝活
- 獨闢蹊徑/独辟蹊径 (dúpìxījìng)
- 獨院/独院 (dúyuàn)
- 獨霸/独霸 (dúbà)
- 獨霸一方/独霸一方
- 獨領風騷/独领风骚 (dúlǐngfēngsāo)
- 獨體/独体
- 獨龍/独龙 (Dúlóng)
- 獨龍族/独龙族 (Dúlóngzú)
- 獨龍語/独龙语 (dúlóngyǔ)
- 眾人皆醉我獨醒/众人皆醉我独醒 (zhòngrén jiē zuì wǒ dú xǐng)
- 眾醉獨醒/众醉独醒
- 矜寡孤獨/矜寡孤独
- 矜貧恤獨/矜贫恤独
- 絕世獨立/绝世独立
- 統獨/统独 (tǒngdú)
- 聯合獨占/联合独占
- 譙周獨笑/谯周独笑
- 超然獨立/超然独立
- 超然獨處/超然独处
- 踽踽獨行/踽踽独行 (jǔjǔdúxíng)
- 遺世獨立/遗世独立
- 金雞獨立/金鸡独立
- 隻眼獨具/只眼独具
- 非獨/非独 (fēidú)
- 鰥寡孤獨/鳏寡孤独 (guānguǎgūdú)
- 鰲頭獨占/鳌头独占
- 鼇頭獨占/鳌头独占
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “獨”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]独 | |
獨 |
Kanji
[edit]獨
(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 独)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Readings
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 獨 (MC duwk).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 똑〮 (Yale: ttwók) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] | 호을 (Yale: hwòùl) | 독〮 (Yale: twók) |
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [to̞k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [독]
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Compounds
Proper noun
[edit]Hanja in this term |
---|
獨 |
- (in news headlines) Short for 獨逸 (Dogil, “(South Korea) Germany”).
Usage notes
[edit]A common convention in news headlines, this is almost always written solely in the Hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any Hanja.
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
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- Teochew adverbs
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- Xiang adverbs
- Middle Chinese adverbs
- Old Chinese adverbs
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 獨
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Chinese literary terms
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese hyōgai kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading どく
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading とく
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ひと・り
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Korean proper nouns
- Korean proper nouns in Han script
- South Korean
- Korean short forms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters