獨

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See also: 独
獨 U+7368, 獨
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7368
← 獧
[U+7367] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 獩 →
[U+7369]

Translingual[edit]

Japanese 独
Simplified 独
Traditional 獨

Han character[edit]

獨 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 大竹田中戈 (KHWLI), four-corner 46227, composition ⿰犭蜀)

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 719, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20725
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1130, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1372, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+7368

Chinese[edit]

trad. 獨
simp. 独

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 獨
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (蜀) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
襡 *toːʔ, *toːɡs, *doːʔ, *doːɡ, *djoɡ
噣 *toːɡs, *tuɡs, *rtoːɡ, *tjoɡ
斣 *toːɡs
歜 *sdoːmʔ, *tʰjoɡ
斀 *rtoːɡ
孎 *rtoːɡ, *toɡ
濁 *rdoːɡ
鐲 *rdoːɡ, *zroːɡ, *djoɡ
鸀 *rdoːɡ, *tjoɡ
擉 *sʰroːɡ
獨 *doːɡ
髑 *doːɡ
韣 *doːɡ, *tjoɡ, *djoɡ
斸 *toɡ
钃 *toɡ
欘 *toɡ
躅 *doɡ
蠋 *doɡ, *tjoɡ
燭 *tjoɡ
囑 *tjoɡ
矚 *tjoɡ
屬 *tjoɡ, *djoɡ
属 *tjoɡ, *djoɡ
蠾 *tjoɡ, *djoɡ
觸 *tʰjoɡ
臅 *tʰjoɡ
觕 *sʰlaː, *zlaːʔ, *tʰjoɡ
蜀 *djoɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *doːɡ): semantic 犭 + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • ta̍k - vernacular;
  • to̍k - literary.
Note:
  • dag8 - vernacular;
  • dog8 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 獨
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 定 (7)
    Final (韻) 東 (3)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 徒谷切
    Baxter duwk
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/duk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/duk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/duk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/dəwk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/duk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/duk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/dʱuk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		dú
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		duk6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 獨
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		dú
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ duwk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[d]ˁok/
    English alone; only

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 獨
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11818
    Phonetic
    component         		蜀
    Rime
    group         		屋
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		獨
    Old
    Chinese         		/*doːɡ/

    Definitions[edit]

    獨

    1. alone; single; solitary
      獨自／独自  ―  dúzì  ―  by oneself
      獨奏／独奏  ―  dúzòu  ―  solo
    2. the old and childless
    3. only
      不獨／不独  ―  bùdú  ―  not only
      唯獨／唯独  ―  wéidú  ―  only; all except
    4. (literary) Indicates a rhetorical question: is it possible that...
      Synonyms: 豈／岂 (qǐ), 寧／宁 (nìng)
    5. (in compounds) separatism
      謀獨／谋独  ―  móudú  ―  to plot / scheme for independence
      港獨／港独  ―  Gǎngdú  ―  Hong Kong Independence Movement
      臺獨／台独  ―  Táidú  ―  Taiwan Independence Movement

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (獨):
    • → Japanese: 独(どく) (doku); 独(とく) (toku)
    • → Korean: 독(獨) (dok)
    • → Vietnamese: độc (獨)

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai

    		独

    Kyūjitai

    		獨

    Kanji[edit]

    獨

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 独)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Readings[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 獨 (MC duwk).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 똑〮 (Yale: ttwók)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 호을 (Yale: hwòùl) 독〮 (Yale: twók)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    獨 (eumhun 홀로 독 (hollo dok))

    1. Hanja form? of 독 (“alone”). [affix]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Proper noun[edit]

    Hanja in this term
    獨

    獨 • (Dok) (hangeul 독)

    1. (in news headlines) Short for 獨(독)逸(일) (Dogil, “(South Korea) Germany”).

    Usage notes[edit]

    A common convention in news headlines, this is almost always written solely in the Hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any Hanja.

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    獨: Hán Nôm readings: độc, dọc

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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