独立
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See also: 獨立
Chinese
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 独立 – see 獨立 (“to stand alone; to be independent; to stand on one's own; etc.”). (This term is the simplified form of 獨立). |
Notes:
|
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
独 | 立 |
どく Grade: 5 |
りつ Grade: 1 |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
獨立 (kyūjitai) |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- independence
- separation; status that one stands
- independent authority that is free from interference
Derived terms
[edit]- 独立国 (dokuritsukoku)
Related terms
[edit]Verb
[edit]独立する • (dokuritsu suru) suru (stem 独立し (dokuritsu shi), past 独立した (dokuritsu shita))
- be independent
- be separate, be detached
- 独立した家
- dokuritsu shita ie
- a detached house
- 独立した家
- be independent; have the authority to act without interference
- 独立した司法権
- dokuritsu shita shihōken
- an independent judiciary
- 独立した司法権
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "独立する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 独立し | どくりつし | dokuritsu shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 独立し | どくりつし | dokuritsu shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 独立する | どくりつする | dokuritsu suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 独立する | どくりつする | dokuritsu suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 独立すれ | どくりつすれ | dokuritsu sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 独立せよ¹ 独立しろ² |
どくりつせよ¹ どくりつしろ² |
dokuritsu seyo¹ dokuritsu shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 独立される | どくりつされる | dokuritsu sareru | |
Causative | 独立させる 独立さす |
どくりつさせる どくりつさす |
dokuritsu saseru dokuritsu sasu | |
Potential | 独立できる | どくりつできる | dokuritsu dekiru | |
Volitional | 独立しよう | どくりつしよう | dokuritsu shiyō | |
Negative | 独立しない | どくりつしない | dokuritsu shinai | |
Negative continuative | 独立せず | どくりつせず | dokuritsu sezu | |
Formal | 独立します | どくりつします | dokuritsu shimasu | |
Perfective | 独立した | どくりつした | dokuritsu shita | |
Conjunctive | 独立して | どくりつして | dokuritsu shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 独立すれば | どくりつすれば | dokuritsu sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
References
[edit]- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- Kitahara, Yasuo, editor (2002), 明鏡国語辞典 [Meikyō Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN
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