燭
See also: 烛
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]燭 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+13, 17 strokes, Cangjie input 火田中戈 (FWLI), four-corner 96827, composition ⿰火蜀)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 685, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19480
- Dae Jaweon: page 1098, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2241, character 2
- Unihan data for U+71ED
Chinese
[edit]| trad. | 燭 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 烛* | |
Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 燭 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 襡 | *toːʔ, *toːɡs, *doːʔ, *doːɡ, *djoɡ |
| 噣 | *toːɡs, *tuɡs, *rtoːɡ, *tjoɡ |
| 斣 | *toːɡs |
| 歜 | *sdoːmʔ, *tʰjoɡ |
| 斀 | *rtoːɡ |
| 孎 | *rtoːɡ, *toɡ |
| 濁 | *rdoːɡ |
| 鐲 | *rdoːɡ, *zroːɡ, *djoɡ |
| 鸀 | *rdoːɡ, *tjoɡ |
| 擉 | *sʰroːɡ |
| 獨 | *doːɡ |
| 髑 | *doːɡ |
| 韣 | *doːɡ, *tjoɡ, *djoɡ |
| 斸 | *toɡ |
| 钃 | *toɡ |
| 欘 | *toɡ |
| 躅 | *doɡ |
| 蠋 | *doɡ, *tjoɡ |
| 燭 | *tjoɡ |
| 囑 | *tjoɡ |
| 矚 | *tjoɡ |
| 屬 | *tjoɡ, *djoɡ |
| 属 | *tjoɡ, *djoɡ |
| 蠾 | *tjoɡ, *djoɡ |
| 觸 | *tʰjoɡ |
| 臅 | *tʰjoɡ |
| 觕 | *sʰlaː, *zlaːʔ, *tʰjoɡ |
| 蜀 | *djoɡ |
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *təwk; compare Tibetan དུགས་པ (dugs pa, “to make warm, to warm, to light”) and Burmese တောက် (tauk, “to shine, to illuminate, to make fire”) (Hill, 2019).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zuk1
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): ciók
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zorh6 / zoeh6 / zyoeh6
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7tsoq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhú
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhú
- Wade–Giles: chu2
- Yale: jú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jwu
- Palladius: чжу (čžu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zuk1
- Yale: jūk
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzuk7
- Guangdong Romanization: zug1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʊk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chuk
- Hakka Romanization System: zugˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: zug5
- Sinological IPA: /t͡suk̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: zhug
- Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃuk⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ciók
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡suɔʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zorh6
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: co̤h
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɒʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zorh6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɒʔ²/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zoeh6
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ce̤h
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sœʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zyoeh6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡syøʔ²/
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
Note:
- zorh6 - vernacular;
- zoeh6/zyoeh6 - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chek
- Tâi-lô: tsik
- Phofsit Daibuun: zeg
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiak
- Tâi-lô: tsiak
- Phofsit Daibuun: ciag
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- chek/chiak - vernacular;
- chiok - literary.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: tsyowk
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tok/
- (Zhengzhang): /*tjoɡ/
Definitions
[edit]燭
- candle; taper
- to shine; to illuminate
- 明哲煌煌，旁燭無疆，遜於不虞，以保天命，譔《問明》。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Yang Xiong, Fa Yan (Exemplary Sayings), 9 CE
- Míngzhé huáng huáng, páng zhú wújiāng, xùn yú bùyú, yǐ bǎo tiānmìng, quán “wèn míng”. [Pinyin]
- When wisdom is splendid and bright, shining everywhere without limit, one may avoid unforeseen dangers and protect his Heaven-decreed destiny. Thus, I have written "Asking about Seeing Clearly."
明哲煌煌，旁烛无疆，逊于不虞，以保天命，撰《问明》。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- watt (used for lightbulbs)
- short for 燭光 / 烛光 (zhúguāng, “candela”)
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Bouyei: xugt (“candle”)
References
[edit]- “燭”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02457
- “燭”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “烛”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 287.
Japanese
[edit]| 烛 | |
| 燭 |
Kanji
[edit]燭
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 燭 |
| しょく Jinmeiyō |
| kan'on |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a light (source of illumination)
- a candlepower
- Synonym: 燭光
Counter
[edit]- a candlepower
- Synonym: 燭光
Etymology 2
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 燭 |
| ともしび Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 燭 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 燭, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
[edit]- “▲燭”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰo̞k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [촉]
Hanja
[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]燭: Hán Nôm readings: chúc, đuốc
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- ja:Light sources
- ja:Units of measure
- ja:Light
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