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保

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 俣
保 U+4FDD, 保
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FDD
← 俜
[U+4FDC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 俞 →
[U+4FDE]

Translingual

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Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character

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保 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人口木 (ORD), four-corner 26294, composition ⿰亻呆)

Derived characters

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Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 105, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 702
  • Dae Jaweon: page 222, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 160, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+4FDD

Chinese

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trad. 保
simp. # 保
alternative forms
𠈃
𠊻
𠌀
𠍂
𰠀
𠈃
𠊻
𠌀
𠍂
𰠀
㙅
𤞥
𠦀
𠫡
𡥀
𣎼
𤔍
葆
 
Wikipedia has an article on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 保
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
j18772
j18773
j18774
j18775
j18776
j18777
j18778
j18779
j18780
j18781
j18782
j18783
j18784
j18785
j18786
j18787
j18788
j18789
j18790
j18791
j18792
j18793
j18794
j18795
b12171
b12172
b12173
b12174
b12175
b12176
b12177
b12178
b12179
b12180
b12181
b12182
b12183
b12184
b12185
b12186
b12187
b12188
b12189
b12191
b12192
b12193
b12194
b12195
b12196
b12197
b12198
b12199
b12200
b12201
b12202
b12203
b12204
b12205
b12206
b12207
b12208
b12209
b12210
b12211
b12212
b12213
b12214
b12215
b12216
b12217
b12218
b12219
b12220
b12221
b12222
b12223
b12224
b12225
b12226
b12227
b12228
b12229
b12230
b12231
b12232
b12233
b12234
b12235
b12236
b12237
b12238
b12239
b12240
b12241
s05653
s05654
s05655
Transcribed ancient scripts
L34905
L34906
L34907
L34908
L34909
L16820
L16821
L16822
L16823
L16824
L16825
L16826
L16827
L16828
L16829
L16830
L16831
L16832
L16833
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (保) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
襃 *puː, *puː
保 *puːʔ
堡 *puːʔ
褓 *puːʔ
堢 *puːʔ
緥 *puːʔ
葆 *puːʔ
賲 *puːʔ
宲 *puːʔ
椺 *ɦmluːʔ, *ɢʷeːɡs, *ɢeːɡ

In the oracle script, this character was an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 人 (“person”) + 子 (“child”) – a person carrying a child on his back; to carry (a child) > to protect. See also 好.

In early bronze inscriptions, 爪 (“hand”) was added to the person to emphasize that the person was carrying the child. This was later simplified into one or two strokes. The current form has two.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bəw (“to carry (on back or shoulders)”). Cognate with 抱 (OC *buːʔ, “to heft, hug”); see there for more (STEDT).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • pó͘ - literary (Quanzhou);
  • pó - vernacular (Quanzhou).
Note:
  • bao2 - literary;
  • bo2 - vernacular.
Rime
Character 保
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 博抱切
Baxter pawX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pɑuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pɑuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pɑuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/pawX/
Li
Rong 		/pɑuX/
Wang
Li 		/pɑuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/pɑuX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bǎo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bou2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 保
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bǎo
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pawX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pˁuʔ/
English protect

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 保
Reading # 1/1
No. 318
Phonetic
component 		保
Rime
group 		幽
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		寶
Old
Chinese 		/*puːʔ/

Definitions

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保

  1. to raise; to rear
  2. to keep; to maintain
  3. to protect; to safeguard; to defend
    你要保大還是保小？ [MSC, trad.]
    你要保大还是保小？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ yào bǎo dà háishì bǎo xiǎo? [Pinyin]
    Do you want to save the mother (“the big one”) or the baby (“the small one”)? (a common line in obstetrics-themed dramas)
  4. to ensure; to guarantee
  5. guarantor
  6. Short for 保釋／保释 (bǎoshì, “to bail”).
  7. (historical) bao (a unit of the ancient administrative system, consisting of some 100 households)
  8. a surname, Bao

Synonyms

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  • (to raise):
  • (to keep):
  • (to protect):
  • (to ensure):
  • (guarantor):

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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保

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. protection
  2. guarantee

Readings

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Compounds

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Proper noun

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保(たもつ) • (Tamotsu) 

  1. a male given name

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

保 (eumhun 지킬 보 (jikil bo))

  1. hanja form? of 보 (“protection”)
  2. hanja form? of 보 (“guarantee”)

Compounds

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Tày

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Adjective

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保 (bau)

  1. Nôm form of bau (“beautiful”).
    百景眉每式花保
    Pác cảnh mì mọi thức hoa bau
    A hundred different sceneries with all kinds of beautiful flowers
  2. Nôm form of bau (“fast”).
    馬𨃅否保否𲋄流爲痚
    Mạ phjải bấu bau, bấu phong lưu vì héo
    The horse doesn't run fast or nobly beautiful it's skinny

Particle

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保 (bấu)

  1. Nôm form of bấu (“not”).
    保聀塘𫠯𪫆宮閣
    Bấu chắc tàng lồng mừa cung các
    I do not know the way back to the palace

References

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  • Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎[2] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese

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Han character

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保: Hán Nôm readings: bảo, bầu, bửu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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