堡

堡 U+5821, 堡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5821 ← 堠 [U+5820] CJK Unified Ideographs 堢 → [U+5822]

Translingual

Han character

堡 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 人木土 (ODG), four-corner 2610₄, composition ⿱保土)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 233, character 15
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5254
• Dae Jaweon: page 470, character 31
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 464, character 13
• Unihan data for U+5821

Chinese

trad.		堡
simp. #		堡
alternative forms		㙅 堢 𡋠 𪧕 葆

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (保) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
襃	*puː, *puː
保	*puːʔ
堡	*puːʔ
褓	*puːʔ
堢	*puːʔ
緥	*puːʔ
葆	*puːʔ
賲	*puːʔ
宲	*puːʔ
椺	*ɦmluːʔ, *ɢʷeːɡs, *ɢeːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *puːʔ) : phonetic 保 (OC *puːʔ) + semantic 土.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bǎo (bao³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bou²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pó
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pó
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵pau

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bǎo
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bǎo
    • Wade–Giles: pao³
    • Yale: bǎu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bao
    • Palladius: бао (bao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: bou²
    • Yale: bóu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bou²
    • Guangdong Romanization: bou²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pou̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pó
    • Hakka Romanization System: bo^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bo³
    • Sinological IPA: /po³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pó
    • Tâi-lô: pó
    • Phofsit Daibuun: poir
    • IPA (Xiamen): /po⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /po⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /po⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /po⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ⁴¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵pau
    • MiniDict: pau^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²pau
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pɔ³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: pawX

Rime
Character	堡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	博抱切
Baxter	pawX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɑuX/
Pan Wuyun	/pɑuX/
Shao Rongfen	/pɑuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pawX/
Li Rong	/pɑuX/
Wang Li	/pɑuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/pɑuX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bǎo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bou2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*puːʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	堡
Reading #	1/1
No.	319
Phonetic component	保
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	寶
Old Chinese	/*puːʔ/
Notes	同堢，古作保

Definitions

堡

1. small camp; small mud fortification
2. fort; fortress
3. Short for 漢堡／汉堡 (hànbǎo, “hamburger”).

   雞腿堡／鸡腿堡  ―  jītuǐ bǎo  ―  chicken sandwich

Usage notes

Often used in phono-semantic matchings to translate English and German -burg, or English -burgh, etc.
Some place names or surnames with the component Berg are also translated with 堡, but this is a result of confusion between Burg and Berg, with the latter meaning "mountain" instead of "castle". Nowadays Berg is usually transliterated as 貝格／贝格 or 伯格, except in a few examples such as 紐倫堡／纽伦堡 (Niǔlúnbǎo, “Nuremberg”), 海德堡 (Hǎidébǎo, “Heidelberg”), and 海森堡 (Hǎisēnbǎo, “Heisenberg”).

Compounds

• 丘堡 (qiūbǎo)
• 伊斯坦堡 (Yīsītǎnbǎo)
• 匹茲堡／匹兹堡 (Pǐzībǎo)
• 古堡
• 土木堡
• 城堡 (chéngbǎo)
• 堡塢／堡坞
• 堡壘／堡垒 (bǎolěi)
• 堡砦／堡寨
• 堡礁 (bǎojiāo)
• 安平古堡
• 布綸堡／布纶堡
• 愛丁堡／爱丁堡 (Àidīngbǎo)
• 托依堡勒迪 (Tuōyī Bǎolèdí)
• 橋頭堡／桥头堡 (qiáotóubǎo)
• 海德堡 (Hǎidébǎo)
• 漢堡／汉堡 (hànbǎo)
• 盧森堡／卢森堡 (Lúsēnbǎo)
• 碉堡 (diāobǎo)
• 空中堡壘／空中堡垒
• 空頭堡／空头堡
• 聖彼得堡／圣彼得堡 (Shèng Bǐdébǎo)
• 西臺古堡／西台古堡
• 關堡／关堡
• 馬德堡／马德堡

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bǔ, bǎo (bu³, bao³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄨˇ, ㄅㄠˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bou²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bǔ
    • Wade–Giles: pu³
    • Yale: bǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: buu
    • Palladius: бу (bu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu²¹⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bǎo
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bǎo
    • Wade–Giles: pao³
    • Yale: bǎu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bao
    • Palladius: бао (bao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: bou²
    • Yale: bóu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bou²
    • Guangdong Romanization: bou²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pou̯³⁵/

Definitions

堡

1. (often in placenames) town or village with walls

   吳堡／吴堡  ―  Wúbǔ  ―  Wubu (county of Yulin, Shaanxi, China)

Compounds

• 吳堡／吴堡 (Wúbǔ)
• 堡子
• 張家口堡／张家口堡 (Zhāngjiākǒubǔ)
• 柴溝堡／柴沟堡 (Cháigōubǔ)
• 紅寺堡／红寺堡 (Hóngsìbǔ, “Hongsibu”)

 

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pù, bǎo (pu⁴, bao³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄨˋ, ㄅㄠˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): pou³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pù
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pù
    • Wade–Giles: pʻu⁴
    • Yale: pù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: puh
    • Palladius: пу (pu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bǎo
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bǎo
    • Wade–Giles: pao³
    • Yale: bǎu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bao
    • Palladius: бао (bao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: pou³
    • Yale: pou
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pou³
    • Guangdong Romanization: pou³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰou̯³³/

Definitions

堡

1. Used in place names, as a variant of 鋪／铺／舖 (pù, “courier station”).

   • 烏魯木齊地窩堡國際機場 [MSC, trad.]
     乌鲁木齐地窝堡国际机场 [MSC, simp.]

     Wūlǔmùqí Dìwōpù Guójì Jīchǎng [Pinyin]

     Ürümqi Diwopu International Airport

Compounds

• 三十里堡 (Sānshílǐpù)
• 十里堡 (Shílǐpù)

 

Japanese

Kanji

堡

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

• Go-on: ほ (ho)
• Kan-on: ほう (hō)
• Kun: とりで (toride)

Korean

Hanja

堡 • (bo) (hangeul 보, revised bo, McCune–Reischauer po)

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Vietnamese

Han character

堡: Hán Nôm readings: bảo

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