保有
Appearance
Chinese
[edit]to defend; to protect; to insure or guarantee to defend; to protect; to insure or guarantee; to maintain; hold or keep; to guard |
to have; there is; there are to have; there is; there are; to exist; to be | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (保有) | 保 | 有 | |
| simp. #(保有) | 保 | 有 | |
| alternative forms | 葆有 | ||
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: bǎoyǒu [Phonetic: báoyǒu]
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˇ ㄧㄡˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bǎoyǒu
- Wade–Giles: pao3-yu3
- Yale: bǎu-yǒu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baoyeou
- Palladius: баою (baoju)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: bou2 jau5
- Yale: bóu yáuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: bou2 jau5
- Guangdong Romanization: bou2 yeo5
- Sinological IPA (key): /pou̯³⁵ jɐu̯¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pó-yû
- Hakka Romanization System: boˋ iuˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: bo3 yiu1
- Sinological IPA: /po³¹ i̯u²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pó-yû
- Hakka Romanization System: boˋ (r)iuˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: bo3 yiu1
- Sinological IPA: /po³¹ (j)i̯u²⁴/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Southern Min
Verb
[edit]保有
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 保 | 有 |
| ほ Grade: 5 |
ゆう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- retention, possession
- 2019, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, 軍縮・不拡散 [Disarmament and Nonproliferation][1], page 2:
- この条約は、米国、ロシア、イギリス、フランス、中国の5か国を核兵器国として定めるとともに、それ以外の国々の核兵器の保有を禁止しました。
- Kono jōyaku wa, Beikoku, Roshia, Igirisu, Furansu, Chūgoku no goka koku o kakuheikikoku to shite sadameru to tomo ni, sore igai no kuniguni no kakuheiki no hoyū o kinshi shimashita.
- This treaty recognized five states—the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, and China—as nuclear-weapon states and prohibited the possession of nuclear weapons by all other countries.
- この条約は、米国、ロシア、イギリス、フランス、中国の5か国を核兵器国として定めるとともに、それ以外の国々の核兵器の保有を禁止しました。
Verb
[edit]保有する • (hoyū suru) ←ほいう (foiu)?transitive suru (stem 保有し (hoyū shi), past 保有した (hoyū shita))
Conjugation
[edit]| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 保有し | ほゆうし | hoyū shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 保有し | ほゆうし | hoyū shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 保有する | ほゆうする | hoyū suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 保有する | ほゆうする | hoyū suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 保有すれ | ほゆうすれ | hoyū sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 保有せよ¹ 保有しろ² |
ほゆうせよ¹ ほゆうしろ² |
hoyū seyo¹ hoyū shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 保有される | ほゆうされる | hoyū sareru |
| Causative | 保有させる 保有さす |
ほゆうさせる ほゆうさす |
hoyū saseru hoyū sasu |
| Potential | 保有できる | ほゆうできる | hoyū dekiru |
| Volitional | 保有しよう | ほゆうしよう | hoyū shiyō |
| Negative | 保有しない | ほゆうしない | hoyū shinai |
| Negative continuative | 保有せず | ほゆうせず | hoyū sezu |
| Formal | 保有します | ほゆうします | hoyū shimasu |
| Perfective | 保有した | ほゆうした | hoyū shita |
| Conjunctive | 保有して | ほゆうして | hoyū shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 保有すれば | ほゆうすれば | hoyū sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
References
[edit]- “保有”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Korean
[edit]| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 保 | 有 |
Noun
[edit]Categories:
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Hakka verbs
- Hokkien verbs
- Teochew verbs
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- Chinese terms spelled with 保
- Chinese terms spelled with 有
- Japanese terms spelled with 保 read as ほ
- Japanese terms spelled with 有 read as ゆう
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
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- Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent
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