護

See also: 护

護 U+8B77, 護 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8B77 ← 譶 [U+8B76] CJK Unified Ideographs 譸 → [U+8B78]

Translingual

Alternative forms

• In Taiwan and Hong Kong, the component above 蒦 is written with ⻀ (ram's horn component), which is the orthodox form found in the Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字 (Shuōwén Jiězì)) and Kangxi dictionary.
• In mainland China (based on Xin Zixing, 新字形), Japanese kanji, Korean hanja and Vietnamese Nôm, the component above 蒦 is written with 艹 (grass radical).

Han character

護 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+14 in traditional Chinese and Korean, 言+13 in mainland China and Japanese, 21 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 20 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 卜口廿人水 (YRTOE), four-corner 0464₇, composition ⿰訁蒦)

Derived characters

• 𧅰

Related characters

• 护 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1184, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36038
• Dae Jaweon: page 1647, character 24
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4023, character 4
• Unihan data for U+8B77

Chinese

trad.		護
simp.		护

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 護
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (蒦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
檴	*ɢʷraːɡs, *ɢʷaːɡ
鱯	*ɢʷraːɡs, *ɢʷraːɡ
護	*ɢʷraːɡs
頀	*ɢʷraːɡs
濩	*ɢʷraːɡs, *ɢʷaːɡ, *qʷraːɡ
韄	*ɢʷraːɡs
鳠	*ɢʷraːɡs
擭	*ɢʷaːɡs, *ɢʷaːɡ, *qʷraːɡ
瓁	*ŋɢʷaːɡ
劐	*qʰʷaːɡ
穫	*ɢʷaːɡ
鑊	*ɢʷaːɡ
矆	*qʰʷaɡ
鸌	*qʷaːɡ
雘	*qʷaːɡ
蠖	*qʷaːɡ
臒	*qʷaːɡ, *qʷaɡ
嬳	*qʷaːɡ, *qʷaɡ
彠	*qʷaɡ, *qʷraːɡ, *ɢʷraːɡ
嚄	*ɢʷraːɡ
獲	*ɢʷraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢʷraːɡs): semantic 言 + phonetic 蒦.

Etymology

Likely cognate with Tibetan འགོགས་པ ('gogs pa, “to prevent; to avert; to repel”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): hù (hu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨˋ

  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): hū

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): хў (hw, III)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): wu⁶

  (Dongguan, Jyutping++): fu³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): vu⁵

• Gan (Wiktionary): fu⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): fu

  (Hailu, HRS): fu^˖

  (Meixian, Guangdong): fu⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): hu³
• Northern Min (KCR): hŭ
• Eastern Min (BUC): hô
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hou⁵ / ou⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hō͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hu⁶

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): hu⁶

• Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): wu⁶
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶wu / ⁶vu / ⁶ghou
  • (Jinhua): ⁶u
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fu⁵ / fu⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hù
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hù
    • Wade–Giles: hu⁴
    • Yale: hù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huh
    • Palladius: ху (xu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu⁵¹/
  • (Xi'an)
    • Guanzhong Pinyin: hū
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: хў (hw, III)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu⁴⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: wu⁶
    • Yale: wuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wu⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: wu⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuː²²/
  • (Dongguan, Guancheng)
    • Jyutping++: fu³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu³²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: vu⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /vu³²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: fu⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu¹¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fu
    • Hakka Romanization System: fu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fu⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: fu^˖
    • Sinological IPA: /fu³³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: fu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fu⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: hu³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /xu⁴⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hô
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hou²⁴²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hou⁵
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hō
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔu¹¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hou⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔu²¹/
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ou⁵
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ō
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔu¹¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ou⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔu²¹/

Note:

• hou5 - literary;
• ou5 - vernacular.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hō͘
    • Tâi-lô: hōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ho
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /hɔ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔ²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hu⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu³⁵/
  • (Leizhou)
    • Leizhou Pinyin: hu⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /hu³³/
• Southern Pinghua
  • (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
    • Jyutping++: wu⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /βu²²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Chongming, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
    • Wugniu: ⁶wu
    • MiniDict: wu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦu²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiading): /ɦu¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ɦu³¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /ɦu²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /ɦu¹¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ɦu¹¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /ɦu¹¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /ɦu¹¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /ɦu¹³/
  • (Northern: Songjiang)
    • Wugniu: ⁶vu
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /βu¹³/
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁶ghou
    • MiniDict: ghou^去
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɦəu²³¹/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ⁶u
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /u¹⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: fu⁵ / fu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɸu²¹/, /ɸu⁴⁵/

Note:

• fu5 - vernacular;
• fu4 - literary.

---

• Middle Chinese: huH

Rime
Character	護
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡誤切
Baxter	huH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuoH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuoH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣoH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɔH/
Li Rong	/ɣoH/
Wang Li	/ɣuH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣuoH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wu6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷˤak-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷraːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	護
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hù
Middle Chinese	‹ huH ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷˁak-s/
English	protect
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	護
Reading #	1/1
No.	5576
Phonetic component	蒦
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	護
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷraːɡs/

Definitions

護

1. to protect; to safeguard; to defend; to shelter

   保護環境／保护环境  ―  bǎohù huánjìng  ―  to protect the environment

2. to side with (someone); to take sides; to discriminate in favor of; to show prejudice (to a particular party)

Synonyms

• (to protect):

edit

• 保 (bǎo) (literary, or in compounds)
• 保庇 (Hokkien)
• 保護 / 保护 (bǎohù)
• 保障 (bǎozhàng)
• 堅持 / 坚持 (jiānchí)
• 掩護 / 掩护 (yǎnhù)
• 維持 / 维持 (wéichí)
• 維護 / 维护 (wéihù)
• 蔽護 / 蔽护 (bìhù) (literary)

• (to side with): 偏袒 (piāntǎn)

Compounds

• 不護細行 / 不护细行
• 保護 / 保护 (bǎohù)
• 保護主義 / 保护主义 (bǎohù zhǔyì)
• 保護人 / 保护人
• 保護作物 / 保护作物
• 保護區 / 保护区 (bǎohùqū)
• 保護國 / 保护国 (bǎohùguó)
• 保護狀制 / 保护状制
• 保護管束 / 保护管束
• 保護級 / 保护级
• 保護色 / 保护色 (bǎohùsè)
• 保護貿易 / 保护贸易
• 保護關稅 / 保护关税 (bǎohù guānshuì)
• 保護食物 / 保护食物
• 保護鳥 / 保护鸟
• 修護 / 修护
• 偏護 / 偏护 (piānhù)
• 加護 / 加护 (jiāhù)
• 加護病房 / 加护病房 (jiāhù bìngfáng)
• 呵護 / 呵护 (hēhù)
• 回護 / 回护
• 外交庇護 / 外交庇护
• 大都護 / 大都护
• 守護 / 守护 (shǒuhù)
• 守護神 / 守护神 (shǒuhùshén)
• 官官相護 / 官官相护
• 家庭護理 / 家庭护理 (jiātíng hùlǐ)
• 將護 / 将护
• 導護 / 导护
• 庇護 / 庇护
• 庇護權 / 庇护权
• 強制辯護 / 强制辩护
• 愛護 / 爱护 (àihù)
• 戒護 / 戒护
• 打掩護 / 打掩护 (dǎyǎnhù)
• 招護 / 招护
• 掩護 / 掩护 (yǎnhù)
• 掩護射擊 / 掩护射击
• 掩護部隊 / 掩护部队
• 搭護 / 搭护
• 擁護 / 拥护 (yōnghù)
• 攝護腺 / 摄护腺 (shèhùxiàn)
• 政治庇護 / 政治庇护 (zhèngzhì bìhù)
• 救護 / 救护 (jiùhù)
• 救護站 / 救护站
• 救護車 / 救护车 (jiùhùchē)
• 普通護照 / 普通护照
• 更生保護 / 更生保护
• 核子防護 / 核子防护
• 照護 / 照护 (zhàohù)
• 特別護士 / 特别护士
• 環境保護 / 环境保护 (huánjìng bǎohù)
• 監護 / 监护 (jiānhù)
• 監護人 / 监护人 (jiānhùrén)
• 直接保護 / 直接保护
• 看護 / 看护 (kānhù)
• 空中護航 / 空中护航
• 維護 / 维护 (wéihù)
• 耳護子 / 耳护子
• 自然保護 / 自然保护
• 衛護 / 卫护 (wèihù)
• 被保護國 / 被保护国
• 袒護 / 袒护 (tǎnhù)
• 觀護 / 观护
• 觀護人 / 观护人
• 觀護制度 / 观护制度
• 調護 / 调护 (tiáohù)
• 護于 (Hùyú)
• 護佐 / 护佐
• 護兵 / 护兵 (hùbīng)
• 護前 / 护前
• 護向 / 护向
• 護喪 / 护丧
• 護國佑民 / 护国佑民 (hùguóyòumín)
• 護國軍 / 护国军
• 護坡 / 护坡 (hùpō)
• 護坡工程 / 护坡工程
• 護城河 / 护城河 (hùchénghé)
• 護壁 / 护壁
• 護士 / 护士 (hùshì)
• 護士節 / 护士节
• 護士長 / 护士长 (hùshìzhǎng)
• 護套 / 护套
• 護官符 / 护官符
• 護封 / 护封
• 護庇 / 护庇
• 護從 / 护从 (hùcóng)
• 護心鏡 / 护心镜 (hùxīnjìng)
• 護手 / 护手
• 護持 / 护持
• 護日 / 护日
• 護書 / 护书
• 護月 / 护月
• 護槽 / 护槽
• 護欄 / 护栏 (hùlán)
• 護民官 / 护民官
• 護法 / 护法 (hùfǎ)
• 護法戰爭 / 护法战争
• 護炕 / 护炕
• 護照 / 护照 (hùzhào)
• 護犢子 / 护犊子
• 護理 / 护理 (hùlǐ)
• 護理師 / 护理师 (hùlǐshī)
• 護疼 / 护疼
• 護盤 / 护盘
• 護短 / 护短 (hùduǎn)
• 護票卡 / 护票卡
• 護禿兒 / 护秃儿
• 護符 / 护符 (hùfú)
• 護耳 / 护耳
• 護胸 / 护胸 (hùxiōng)
• 護腿 / 护腿 (hùtuǐ)
• 護膝 / 护膝 (hùxī)
• 護臂 / 护臂
• 護航 / 护航 (hùháng)
• 護花使者 / 护花使者
• 護衛 / 护卫 (hùwèi)
• 護衛艦 / 护卫舰 (hùwèijiàn)
• 護貝 / 护贝
• 護身 / 护身 (hùshēn)
• 護身物 / 护身物
• 護身符 / 护身符 (hùshēnfú)
• 護身龍 / 护身龙
• 護軌 / 护轨
• 護軍將軍 / 护军将军
• 護送 / 护送 (hùsòng)
• 護過飾非 / 护过饰非
• 護頭 / 护头
• 護養 / 护养 (hùyǎng)
• 護駕 / 护驾 (hùjià)
• 護髮素 / 护发素 (hùfàsù)
• 貿易保護 / 贸易保护
• 辯護 / 辩护 (biànhù)
• 辯護人 / 辩护人 (biànhùrén)
• 迴護 / 回护 (huíhù)
• 遮護 / 遮护 (zhēhù)
• 都護 / 都护 (dūhù)
• 醫護 / 医护 (yīhù)
• 醫護人員 / 医护人员
• 關稅保護 / 关税保护
• 防護 / 防护 (fánghù)
• 防護團 / 防护团
• 防護林 / 防护林 (fánghùlín)
• 養護 / 养护 (yǎnghù)

Japanese

Kanji

護

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. safeguard, protect

Readings

• Go-on: ご (go, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: こ (ko)
• Kun: まもる (mamoru, 護る)
• Nanori: もり (mori)

Compounds

• 護(ご)衛(えい) (goei): escort, bodyguard
• 護(ご)岸(がん) (gogan): riverbank protection, shore protection
• 護(ご)憲(けん) (goken): defense of the constitution
• 護持(ごじ) (goji): defend and maintain
• 護(ご)身(しん) (goshin): self-defense
• 護(ご)身(しん)術(じゅつ) (goshinjutsu): self-defense techniques
• 護(ご)送(そう) (gosō): escort (of a prisoner or detainee)
• 護符(ごふ) (gofu), 護(ご)身(しん)符(ふ) (goshinfu): amulet, talisman for self-defense or protection
• 護(ご)法(ほう) (gohō): protection of the law or dharma (in Buddhist context)
• 愛(あい)護(ご) (aigo): protection, kind treatment (for animals or weak beings)
• 看(かん)護(ご) (kango): nursing, patient care
• 守(しゅ)護(ご) (shugo): protection, guardian deity
• 庇護(ひご) (higo): protection, shelter (patronage or support by someone stronger)
• 保護(ほご) (hogo): protection (general term, includes legal or physical protection)
• 弁(べん)護(ご)士(し) (bengoshi): lawyer

Proper noun

護(まもる) • (Mamoru) 

1. a male given name

Synonyms

• 仗

Korean

Hanja

護 • (ho) (hangeul 호)

protection, security

Vietnamese

Han character

護: Hán Nôm readings: hộ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.